Objective To investigate the effect of internal trabeculectomy on postoperative intraocular pressure and visual acuity in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).Methods A total of 126 POAG patients underwent internal trabeculectomy were included in this study.Intraocular pressure,types of drug used,visual acuity and complications were compared before and after operation.Results Intraocular pressure was significantly decreased,types of drug used were significantly reduced and visual acuity was significantly improved at 1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery(P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative intraocular pressure rebound complication was the highest in postoperative patients(27.78%),followed by hyphema(14.29%),corneal edema(10.32%)and ciliary detachment(7.14%).Conclusion Internal trabeculectomy for POAG patients can effectively control the decrease of intraocular pressure in patients,help to restore vision,reduce types of drug used,and the effect is ideal,and the clinical application value is high.

OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize the chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation,further screen the active ingredients of this formulation treating ulcerative colitis by network pharmacology,and explore the potential targets and pathways,provi-ding scientific basis for its mechanism research and clinical application.METHODS Chemical ingredients in Anchang formulation were acquired by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)technology and literature retrieval.The potential active ingredients and key targets for the treatment were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction,GeneCards,STRING,and then Gene Ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment were analyzed in the DAVID database.The interactions between the active ingredients and the core targets were verified by using the AutoDock software.The RAW 264.7 murine-derived macrophage inflammation model was also established to val-idate the anti-inflammatory activity of the pre-screened chemical ingredients and further explore the related mechanisms.RESULTS In this study,108 chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology,and expanded to 134 through literature search.The component-target network where 39 core active components were screened was further constructed,and 15 key therapeutic targets were screened by the protein-protein interaction network constructed.The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway indicated that Anchang formulation can regulate TNF,PI3K-Akt,MAPK,cancer and other related signaling pathways and ex-ert a therapeutic effect.The results of cell experiments showed that Anchang formulation and its active ingredients could inhibit the re-lease of NO,TNF-α and IL-6 in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation model.CONCLUSION Based on the concept of"ingredient-target-pathway",this study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of Anchang formulation and its active ingredients,pre-dicts the potential mechanism of treatment for UC,and provides a theoretical basis and research ideas for the quality control of the for-mulation and its treatment for UC.

ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation between the clinical symptoms， signs， syndrome characteristics and laboratory indicators of cough variant asthma （CVA） and deepen the understanding of the treatment of this disease based on the theory of "Fu Feng". MethodsAn observational study was conducted. A total of 207 CVA patients who visited the respiratory department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to November 2023 were included. The information from the four diagnostic methods and the laboratory test results of patients were collected. Factor analysis was conducted on the information obtained through the four diagnostic methods in TCM， and the nature and location of CVA were extracted. Sample cluster analysis （Q clustering） and the K-means method were used for data clustering analysis to determine the syndrome types of CVA and analyze the syndrome characteristics and differences in laboratory indicators among different syndrome types. ResultsThe main symptom of CVA patients was cough， accompanied by symptoms such as itchy throat， foreign body sensation in the throat， dry throat， shortness of breath， dry mouth， chest tightness， hoarseness， bitter mouth， poor appetite， and skin itching. Factor analysis showed that the disease was located in the lung， involving the liver， spleen， and kidney. The pathological factors involved Yin deficiency， Yang deficiency， wind factor， dampness factor， Yin factor， and Qi stagnation. Cluster analysis revealed four syndrome types： Fengfu Yinshang syndrome， Shixie Neiyun syndrome， Tanyin Zufei syndrome， and Ganhuo Fanfei syndrome. Fengfu Yinshang syndrome accounted for the highest proportion， followed by Tanyin Zufei syndrome. There were no significant differences in eosinophil count and percentage， fractional nasal nitric oxide （FnNO） level， and pulmonary function indexes among the four syndromes. The levels of serum total IgE and fractional exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO） in patients with Fengfu Yinshang syndrome were significantly higher than those in patients with Shixie Neiyun syndrome and Tanyin Zufeisyndrome. ConclusionCough is the main symptom of CVA， accompanied by pharyngeal itching， foreign body sensation in the throat， dry throat， shortness of breath， dry mouth， and allergic manifestations. The disease involves the lung， liver， spleen， and kidneys. The essence of the pathogenesis lies in a latent dormant pathogen and a disorder of the pivot mechanism. The four common syndrome types are Fengfu Yinshang syndrome， Shixie Neiyun syndrome， Tanyin Zufei syndrome， and Ganhuo Fanfei syndrome. The TCM syndrome types are correlated with laboratory indexes. The serum total IgE and FeNO of patients with Fengfu Yinshang syndrome are worse.

ObjectiveTo observe the regulation effect of Sangmei Zhike granules on airway inflammation and cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）-protein kinase A （PKA）-cAMP response element binding protein （CREB） pathway in cough variant asthma （CVA） rats with Fengfu Yinshang syndrome. MethodsEight-week-old male rats were randomly divided into a blank group， model group， western medicine group， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） group. Except for the blank group， Fengfu Yinshang models of CVA were established in the other groups. On the 16th day of the experiment， the western medicine group was treated with budesonide aerosol inhalation （dosage of 0.5 g·L^-1）， and the TCM group was given Sangmei Zhike granules by gavage （dosage of 4.19 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with each group treated once daily for 14 days. On the 30^th day of the experiment， lung function parameters were determined. Whole blood inflammatory cell detection， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining of lung tissue， and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of CREB， phosphorylated CREB （pCREB）， and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein （pVASP） proteins in rat lung tissue， and Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the protein expressions of cAMP， CREB， and PKA in rat lung tissue. Western blot （WB） was used to detect the expression of PKA， VASP， p-VASP， CREB， and p-CREB proteins. ResultsCompared with the model group， the average dynamic lung compliance （CDyn_average） in the TCM group increased （P0.05）. Compared with the model group， the TCM group showed a decrease in absolute and percentage values of neutrophils （NEUT%）， absolute values of lymphocytes （LYMPH）， absolute and percentage values of basophils （BASO%）， absolute values of monocytes （MONO）， absolute and percentage values of eosinophils （EOS%）， and white blood cells （WBC） （P0.05）. Compared with the western medicine group， the TCM group showed a decrease in MONO， EOS%， and LYMPH% and an increase in MONO% （P0.05）. ELISA results showed that compared with the model group， the TCM group had increased interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） and decreased interleukins （IL）-4， IL-5， IL-13， and total serum IgE， while the Western medicine group had increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-5， IL-13， and total serum IgE （P0.05）. Compared with the western medicine group， the TCM group had decreased IL-5 （P0.05）. HE staining results of rat lung tissue showed that the ciliated epithelium of the D bronchi in the TCM group recovered well. Mucous edema secretion decreased， and a small number of bronchiolar epithelial cells were shed， with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and the degree of epithelial injury. Immunohistochemical （IHC） results showed that compared with the model group， positive expressions of CREB， pCREB， and pVASP （brownish-yellow） were significantly increased in the TCM and western medicine groups. Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the model group， the relative expression levels of cAMP， CREB， and PKA in the TCM group were significantly increased （P0.05）， and compared with the western medicine group， the TCM group also showed significantly increased relative expression levels of cAMP， CREB， and PKA （P0.05）. WB results showed that compared with the model group， the expressions of PKA， VASP， p-VASP， CREB， p-CREB， and p-CREB/CREB proteins were increased in the TCM group， while p-VASP/VASP protein expression decreased （P0.05）. Compared with the western medicine group， the TCM group had increased expressions of PKA， VASP， and p-CREB proteins and decreased p-VASP/VASP expression （P0.05）. ConclusionSangmei Zhike granules have the effect of improving lung function and inhibiting airway inflammation in rats with CVA due to Fengfu Yinshang syndrome， possibly related to the activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.

Cough variant asthma （CVA） is a special type of asthma and the most common cause of chronic cough in China. It has a relatively high incidence， seriously affects patients' quality of life， and in some cases may even progress to typical asthma， posing an important challenge in the field of health economics. At present， first-line treatment in Western medicine mainly consists of inhaled corticosteroids combined with bronchodilators. However， there remain many problems such as poor efficacy in some patients， frequent relapse after drug withdrawal， and poor compliance， making it urgent to improve treatment strategies. In-depth research on the pathogenesis is helpful for a comprehensive understanding and prevention of CVA. The pathogenesis of CVA is complex and involves multiple pathophysiological links. While similar to typical asthma， it still presents some differences. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in the treatment of CVA. Guided by the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment， TCM can not only improve the clinical symptoms of CVA but also prevent recurrence. In recent years， with the continuous deepening of research on the pathogenesis of CVA and on its treatment with TCM based on syndrome differentiation， related academic achievements have been updated year by year. A review of literature in China and abroad shows that the current pathogenesis of CVA can be summarized into six aspects： airway inflammation， airway remodeling， airway hyperresponsiveness， cough hypersensitivity， genetic factors， and imbalance of intestinal flora. TCM often differentiates and treats CVA from four perspectives： cause， disease location， disease nature， and disease tendency. This paper systematically summarizes the progress in the study of CVA pathogenesis， comprehensively collates the experience and clinical research evidence on its treatment with TCM based on syndrome differentiation， and discusses the problems existing in current research. On this basis， it puts forward suggestions and prospects for future research and development of TCM in the treatment of CVA， with a view to providing a theoretical basis and therapeutic approaches for its prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Modified Yinhuo Guiyuan Huayu Formula(MYGHF)in diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients with yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and to observe its regulatory effects on the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods A total of 100 DR patients(200 eyes)with yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui from January 2019 to April 2020 were equally randomized into a control group(50 cases,100 eyes)and an observation group(50 cases,100 eyes)using a random number table.Both groups were required to conduct intensive glycemic control.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine of lecithin-bound iodine,while the observation group received additional MYGHF for 3 months.Parameters of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,key components of NF-κB signaling pathway[NF-κB p65,inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK),inhibitor kappa B(IκB)],angiogenesis-related factors[fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),angiopoietin 2(Ang2)],and efficacy indicators[glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting blood glucose(FBG),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),visual field grayscale value,and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)]in the two groups were evaluated before treatment and 1 and 3 month(s)after treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were assessed.Results(1)After 3 months of treatment,the total effective rate was 88.00%(44/50)in the observation group versus 70.00%(35/50)in the control group,demonstrating significantly superior therapeutic effects of TCM syndrome differentiation in the observation group(tested by chi-square test,P＜0.05).(2)At 1 and 3 month(s)after treatment,both groups showed reduced scores for TCM symptoms of blurred vision,dizziness and tinnitus,soreness and weakness of waist and knees,and feverish sensation in the palms and soles compared to the baseline levels(all P＜0.05).The observation group exhibited significantly greater reductions in these symptom scores than the control group at both time points(all P＜0.05).(3)The protein expression levels of NF-κB p65,IKK were decreased and IκB was increased in both groups at 1 and 3 month(s)after treatment compared to the baseline levels(all P＜0.05),and the observation group demonstrated more pronounced improvement of these key pathway components compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).(4)The levels of angiogenesis-related factors of FGF21,Ang2,and VEGF were significantly reduced in both groups at 1 and 3 month(s)compared to the baseline levels(all P＜0.05),and the observation group showed superior decreases compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).(5)The efficacy indicators of HbA1c,FBG,HOMA-IR,visual field grayscale values,and BCVA were improved in both groups at post-treatment 1 and 3 month(s)compared to the baseline levels(all P＜0.05),and the observation group achieved significantly superior improvement in all indicators compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).(6)The total incidence of adverse reactions was 2.00%(1/50)in the observation group versus 8.00%(4/50)in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion MYGHF effectively alleviates clinical symptoms in patients with DR of yin deficiency and blood stasis type,and is effective on modulating angiogenesis-related factors and suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway activation,demonstrating satisfactory efficacy and good safety profile.

Objective To investigate the early postoperative efficacy between Kahook dual blade(KDB)internal tra-beculectomy and internal gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy(GATT)in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG).Methods A total of 120 patients(120 eyes)with POAG were included and divided according to dif-ferent surgical treatment methods.Among them,62 patients(62 eyes)undergoing internal trabeculectomy by KDB were di-vided into Group A,and 58 patients(58 eyes)undergoing GATT were divided into Group B.Relevant data of patients in the two groups were collected,and the efficacy of the two surgical methods was compared.Results The intraocular pres-sure in both groups decreased 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after surgery compared with preoperative levels(all P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure measured at the above time points between the two groups(all P＞0.05).The type of drugs for reducing the intraocular pressure in both groups decreased significantly 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after surgery compared with preoperative levels(all P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the type of drugs for reducing the intraocular pressure at the above time points between the two groups(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of complications between Group A(45.16％)and Group B(39.66％)(P＞0.05).Specifically,the main complications in Group A included anterior chamber hemorrhage and intraocular pressure rebound,while those in Group B included anterior chamber hemorrhage and ciliary detachment.Conclusion Both KDB internal trabeculectomy and GATT can effectively reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with POAG and reduce the use of postoperative intraocular pressure-lowering drugs.There was no significant difference in surgical complications between the two surgical methods.The selection of surgical procedures in clinical prac-tice can be determined based on patients' wishes and actual situation.

OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize the chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation,further screen the active ingredients of this formulation treating ulcerative colitis by network pharmacology,and explore the potential targets and pathways,provi-ding scientific basis for its mechanism research and clinical application.METHODS Chemical ingredients in Anchang formulation were acquired by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)technology and literature retrieval.The potential active ingredients and key targets for the treatment were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction,GeneCards,STRING,and then Gene Ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment were analyzed in the DAVID database.The interactions between the active ingredients and the core targets were verified by using the AutoDock software.The RAW 264.7 murine-derived macrophage inflammation model was also established to val-idate the anti-inflammatory activity of the pre-screened chemical ingredients and further explore the related mechanisms.RESULTS In this study,108 chemical ingredients of Anchang formulation were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology,and expanded to 134 through literature search.The component-target network where 39 core active components were screened was further constructed,and 15 key therapeutic targets were screened by the protein-protein interaction network constructed.The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway indicated that Anchang formulation can regulate TNF,PI3K-Akt,MAPK,cancer and other related signaling pathways and ex-ert a therapeutic effect.The results of cell experiments showed that Anchang formulation and its active ingredients could inhibit the re-lease of NO,TNF-α and IL-6 in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation model.CONCLUSION Based on the concept of"ingredient-target-pathway",this study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of Anchang formulation and its active ingredients,pre-dicts the potential mechanism of treatment for UC,and provides a theoretical basis and research ideas for the quality control of the for-mulation and its treatment for UC.

Objective To investigate the early postoperative efficacy between Kahook dual blade(KDB)internal tra-beculectomy and internal gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy(GATT)in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG).Methods A total of 120 patients(120 eyes)with POAG were included and divided according to dif-ferent surgical treatment methods.Among them,62 patients(62 eyes)undergoing internal trabeculectomy by KDB were di-vided into Group A,and 58 patients(58 eyes)undergoing GATT were divided into Group B.Relevant data of patients in the two groups were collected,and the efficacy of the two surgical methods was compared.Results The intraocular pres-sure in both groups decreased 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after surgery compared with preoperative levels(all P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure measured at the above time points between the two groups(all P＞0.05).The type of drugs for reducing the intraocular pressure in both groups decreased significantly 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after surgery compared with preoperative levels(all P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the type of drugs for reducing the intraocular pressure at the above time points between the two groups(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of complications between Group A(45.16％)and Group B(39.66％)(P＞0.05).Specifically,the main complications in Group A included anterior chamber hemorrhage and intraocular pressure rebound,while those in Group B included anterior chamber hemorrhage and ciliary detachment.Conclusion Both KDB internal trabeculectomy and GATT can effectively reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with POAG and reduce the use of postoperative intraocular pressure-lowering drugs.There was no significant difference in surgical complications between the two surgical methods.The selection of surgical procedures in clinical prac-tice can be determined based on patients' wishes and actual situation.

Objective To investigate the effect of internal trabeculectomy on postoperative intraocular pressure and visual acuity in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).Methods A total of 126 POAG patients underwent internal trabeculectomy were included in this study.Intraocular pressure,types of drug used,visual acuity and complications were compared before and after operation.Results Intraocular pressure was significantly decreased,types of drug used were significantly reduced and visual acuity was significantly improved at 1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery(P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative intraocular pressure rebound complication was the highest in postoperative patients(27.78%),followed by hyphema(14.29%),corneal edema(10.32%)and ciliary detachment(7.14%).Conclusion Internal trabeculectomy for POAG patients can effectively control the decrease of intraocular pressure in patients,help to restore vision,reduce types of drug used,and the effect is ideal,and the clinical application value is high.