Objective To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and distant metastases in pa-tients with hormone receptor( HR) negative breast cancer,and to explore the impact of blood lipid change during chemotherapy on clinical response.Methods We collected the complete clinicopathological data and fasting blood lipid in 154 patients with HR negative breast cancer.The secondary blood lipid level were measured on day14 after two cycles of chemotherapy in patients with distant metastases.Single factor chi -square test was choosen to analyze the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics,including baseline lipid level,and distant metastases,then independent risk factor for distant metastases were evaluated by logistic regression model. Data about altered blood lipid and clinical response analysis were performed using paired t-test pre-or post-chemotherapy.Results Our results from single chi-square test showed that distant metastasis from breast canc-er was significantly associated with tumor size,local lymph node metastases,grade,higher total cholesterol( TC) , higher triglycerides(TG)and higher low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(P<0.05).For distant metastases,inde-pendent risk factors were tumor size(OR=1.563),local lymph node metastases(OR=1.983),higher TC(OR=1.502),higher TG(OR=1.877).Decreased trend of TC,TG and LDL and increased trend of HDL were showed in disease control( PR+SD) group,and TG had significantly tend in objective response( PR) group.Conclusion Hyperlipidmia is significantly associated with distant metastases in patients with HR negative breast cancer,andblood lipid levels decrease with effective anti -tumor chemotherapy.Dynamic monitoring of blood lipid levelscould be a candidate surrogate biomarker for outcome prediction and distant metastases in patients with HR negativebreast cancer.

The dialysis method was employed to prepare blank and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded micelles formed by temperature- and pH- sensitive polyhistidine-co-polyDL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyethyleneglycol-co-polyDL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-polyhistidine (PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis). The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the copolymers were measured with Pyrene Fluorescent Probe Technique. The temperature- and pH- sensitive properties of the blank micelles solution were investigated by optical transmittance measurement. The morphology and diameter of DOX micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were determined with dialysis method. The in vitro release study was further performed to examine the temperature- and pH-responsive drug release behavior from DOX-loaded micelles. The results indicated that the CMC, entrapment efficiency and drug-loaded amount of the micelles were 7.5 x 10(-3) g x L(-1), 85.2 +/- 3.1% and 10.4 +/- 4.5%, respectively. The DOX micelle was globular-shaped with a mean diameter of 91.1 +/- 15.8 nm. The transmittance of micelle solution consistently increased with the increasing temperature or decreasing pH. In comparison to the drug release profile at physiological conditions (37 degrees C, pH 7.4), the DOX-loaded micelles showed faster drug release rate at higher temperature (41 degrees C), lower pH (pH 7.0, pH 6.5, pH 5.0) or higher temperature and lower pH (41 degrees C, pH 5.0). This indicated that the micelles showed a temperature and pH-triggered drug release pattern. Base on the above results, it can be concluded that PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis block copolymer micelles which respond to temperature and pH stimuli are promising smart carriers for anti-tumor drugs with the advantages of temperature- and pH- triggered drug release.

Objective To investigate the detecting ability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and CT in skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by whole body and skull base SPECT and CT of nasopharynx and skull base before radiotherapy. The results were double blind compared and evaluated. Results The overall positive rates of skull base invasion detected by SPECT and CT were 63.5% and 25.4%. In patients with headache, cranial nerve palsy and both, they were 87.9%,93.3%,92.3% and 42.4%,46.7%,46.2%. In patients with T 1+T 2 and T 3+T 4 lesions, they were 37.5%,90.3% and 0.0%,51.6%. In patients with N 0+N 1 and N 2+N 3 lesions, they were 63.9% ,63.0% and 19.4%,33.3%. The positive rates of SPECT were higher than those of CT (McNemar Test, P

AIM:To investigate the protective effects of sodium ferulate(SF)on apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP),and the effect of SF on expression of bcl-2 and bax.METHODS:The primary cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to 50 ?mol SNP,a nitric oxide-donor,for 24 h after pretreatment with different concentrations of SF(10-160 ?mol/mL)for 6 h.Then neuronal viability was tested by MTT assay.Fluorescent staining with Hoechst 33258 and agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze apoptosis.The expressions of bcl-2,bax mRNA and protein were tested by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:Pretreatment with SF(10-160 ?mol/L)for 6 h increased the survival rate of neurons.SF prevented the neuronal nuclei from shrinkage,condensation and cleavage and blocked neuronal nuclear DNA fragmentation induced by SNP.SF also increased the expressions of bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2 protein and decreased the expressions of bax mRNA and Bax protein.CONCLUSION:SF prevents the cultured hippocampal neurons against SNP neurotoxicity.The mechanism of protection is related to the increase in Bcl-2 level and the decrease in Bax level.As a result,the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax is changed.

Objective To prevent the medical personnel from infection during aeromedical evacuation of fulminating respiratory infectious disease patients by exploring the changes of differential pressure between those in and out of the negative-pressure isolation capsule and analyzing the stability of the capsule during aeromedical evacuation.Methods A differential pressure monitor developed by Institute of Medical Equipment was used for real-time recording of the changes the differential pressure in and out of the capsule during five flight phases of the aircraft,and the safety of the capsule during aeromedical evacuation and corresponding considerations were investigated.Results The maximum and minimum values of the negative pressure in the capsule were-60 Pa and-120 Pa respectively during aeromedical evacuation,which were all less than the safety threshold-15 Pa.The negative pressure was is directly proportional to the flying altitude.Conclusion The capsule keeps negative pressure effectively during flight,and thus facilitates patient aeromedial evacuation greatly.

ObjectiveTo establish the urinary proteome profile of the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) patients,compare the different urinary proteins between the MetS patients and the normal individuals,and analyze the function of the different proteins,so as to explore the pathogenesis of MetS.MethodsOvernight urine were collected from normal controls (n =6) and MetS patients ( n =6).Acetone precipitation method was used to precipitate proteins of urine.Intra-group proteins were mixed together,identified by reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and quantified relatively using spectral counting method.The functions of differential proteins were analyzed using Panther.ResultsA total of 807 and 630 proteins were identified respectively in normal controls and MetS patients.Comparing MetS patients with normal controls,sixty different proteins were found,of which 23 proteins were up-regulated and 37 proteins were down-regulated in MetS patients.In the up-regulated proteins,plasminogen was involved in the plasminogen activation cascade and isoform of alphaenolase,phosphoglycerate kinase 1 and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B down-regulated in MetS patients were involved in the process of glycolysis and fructose metabolism.ConclusionsThe urinary proteome profile of patients with MetS was established by reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.Different proteins between MetS patients and normal people were identified.The plasminogen activation cascade,glycolysis and fructose metabolism play key roles in the pathogenesis of MetS.

In recent years, laser microdissection followed by mass spectrometry (LMD/MS) has been successfully applied to the proteomic studies of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) renal tissues. This new technique improves the diagnosis of kidney diseases and has a better potential for future clinical application. The review focuses on the use of this methodology for exploring the mechanisms, diagnosis and classification of kidney diseases including renal amyloidosis and membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis ; Laser Capture Microdissection ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteomics ; Tissue Fixation

Objective To analyze serum amyloid protein A (SAA) subtype and amino acid mutation sequence of the renal biopsy specimens from patients with renal amyloidosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by laser microdissection combined with mass spectometry.Methods Kidney biopsy formalin-preserved paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimen slices were stained by Congo red,the positive areas of Congo red staining were selected by microdissection,after trypsin hydrolysis and filtration,peptide samples were subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Analysis softwares were used to evaluate the results,and the patient's amino acid sequence of SAA protein was compared to mutant amino acid sequence reported by literature or deduced from mutant SAA gene to determine whether there was a variation.Results SAA1 and SAA2 proteins with high abundance were identified by mass spectrometry,serum amyloid P and apolipoprotein E were also detected.No variation of SAA1 and SAA2 protein was detected.Conclusions The SAA1 and SAA2 proteins in AA amyloidosis secondary to ASwere identified for the first time,which enriched the pathogenesis of amyloidosis secondary to AS and provided a new method for the accurate classification of AA amyloidosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between blood lipid level and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and intraocular pressure(IOP).Methods A retrospective case-control study was designed.80 POAG patients from EYE & ENT hospital of FUDAN university were collected as a case group from January 2015 to May 2016.Meanwhile 80 age and gender matched healthy people were collected as a control group.The differences of gender in men subgroup (POAG:44,Control:39) and female subgroup (POAG:36,Control:41) showed no statistic significance.Serum total cholesterol(TC),total triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein A(Apo A) and apolipoprotein B(Apo B) were measured using Roche automatic biochemical analyzer.The analysis of the above mentioned lipid levels between POAG group and control group was conducted by independent student′s T test and multivariate logistic regression.The relationship between lipid level and IOP was analysied using Pearson correlation test.Results The TG level was (1.40±0.71)mmol/L in the POAG group,(1.00±0.37)mmol/L in the control group.The difference had statistic significance (t=4.467,P<0.001).The HDL-C level in the POAG group was (1.22±0.36)mmol/L,(1.38±0.25)mmol/L in the control group.The difference also had statistic significance (t=-3.228,P=0.002).Comparison between the men subgroup and female subgroup found that the TG level in the POAG group of men was (1.47±0.71)mmol/L,(1.01±0.36) mmol/L in the control group and the HDL-C level were (1.14±0.31) mmol/L,(1.32±0.20)mmol/L in two groups.Both the level of TG and HDL-C had statistic significance in men (t=3.717,P<0.001;t=-3.240,P=0.002).The TC,TG level in the POAG group and control group of women respectively were (4.59±0.81)mmol/L,(1.33±0.72)mmol/L and (4.21±0.64)mmol/L,(0.99±0.38)mmol/L.Both blood level were significantly higher than the control group in women (t=2.278,P=0.026;t=2.503,P=0.016).Logistic regression analysis showed that the TG level correlated with POAG (P=0.004,OR=2.831,95% CI=1.392-5.759)and both POAG in the men and women (P=0.025,OR=3.223,95% CI=1.156-8.989;P=0.045,OR=2.554,95% CI=1.020-6.395).Pearson test showed that the TG level of POAG patients was positively associated with IOP in spite of gender(P<0.05).Conclusion The peripheral blood level of TG was significantly increased in the POAG patients and significantly correlated with IOP,which indicated that the increased peripheral blood level of TG may be the independent risk factor for the POAG..

Objective A large sample of multi-factor Logistic analysis of clinical biochemical indicators from elderly cataract patients were done to find the characteristics of possible changes in potential factors for cataract-related indicators and explore the pathogenesis of cataract from the perspective of laboratory diagnosis.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted .Cataract patients from Eye-Ear Nose Throat Hospital of Fudan University were collected during June 2011 to July 2015 and routinely tested for 14 clinical biochemistry indicators including ALB , GLU, TP, GLB, BUN, URCA, Cr, LDH, ALP, Ca, Na, K, Cl, and P.The mean age of the 3 527 cataract patients (1 804 males, 1 723 females) was (64.47 ±11.29) years.Those data were reserved by LIS (Laboratory Information System) system and were retrieved for large data analysis . The control group was filtered from hospitalized patients besides cataract patients during January 2014 to July 2015.The mean age of the 3 333 control subjects ( 1 770 males, 1 563 females ) was ( 64.04 ±9.03 ) years.Biochemical indicators between cataract group and control group were analyzed by independent student′s t-test and Logistic regression .Meanwhile , the objects were divided into 3 groups according to the age (40-59 years,60-79 years,≥80 years) for independent student′s t-test with the control group respectively .Results There are no statistical difference in age ( t=1.663,P=0.096) and gender ( t=2.63,P=0.105 0) between cataract group and control group ( P>0.05).The results of Logistic regression between cataract group and control group were as follow : ALB (OR=1.053,95%CI=1.019-1.088),BUN(OR=1.113,95% CI=1.076-1.152),Cr(OR=1.007, 95%CI=1.003-1.010),GLB(OR=1.049,95% CI=1.018 -1.081),GLU(OR=1.175,95% CI=1.139-1.211),Cl(OR=1.059,1.032 -1.088),Na(OR=1.180,95% CI =1.150 -1.212).Those might be enrolled as risk factors for cataract (P<0.05).The level of ALB, GLU, Na and Cl in cataract group according to different age groups were significantly higher ( t=8.780,t=4.670, t=9.695, t=6.415, P<0.05) than that of control in 40-59 age group;the level of ALB, BUN, Cr, GLU, Na and Cl in cataract group was significantly higher ( t=4.974, t=9.414, t=4.123, t=6.906, t=14.741, t=9.212, P<0.05) than control in 60 -79 age group; the level of BUN, Cr, GLU, Na and Cl in cataract group was significantly higher (t=6.077, t=4.906, t=2.626, t=5.459, t=3.424, P<0.05) than control in 80-age group.Conclusions The level of ALB, BUN, GLB, Cr, GLU, Na and Cl in peripheral blood of cataract patients was significantly increased which suggested that those change might associated with the pathogenesis of cataract .