Objective To summarize the CT manifestations of adenoid tonsic hypertrophy in children and evaluate clinical significance.Methods Twenty boys and 5 girls were diagnosed with adenoid tonsil hypertrophy,the ages from 13 to 15 years.CT scanning of nasal pharynx with 3 mm were performed in all cases.Results The thicken of adenoid tonsil hypertrophy was 13 mm to 25 mm. Sector shape of the lesion was presented in 14 cases,strip shape in 9 cases ,irregular shape in 2cases,eustachian tube stenosis or disappearance in 6 cases.The complications included:hypertrophy of tonsil in 13 cases,nasosinusitis in 11 cases,hypertrophic conchae in 21 cases,mastoiditis in 2 cases.Conclusion CT scan can accurately show adenoid tonsil hypertrophy and irregular stenotic nasopharyneal meatus and complications. CT will be the first choice in examination of adenoid tonsil hypertrophy before operation.

Objective To provide a reliable differential diagnosis among the progressive supranuclear palsy ( PSP), striatonigral degeneration ( SND ) and Parkinson disease ( PD ) . Methods Conventional MRI data in clinically proved PSP(8 cases), SND(9 cases), PI)( 12 cases)and 12 normal controls were retrospectively analyzed. Midbrain area, pons area, ports diameter and middle eerebellar peduncles width were measured. The ratio of pons area over midbrain area (pons area/midbrain area) was calculated in all patients and normal controls. Then one way ANOVA and a Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results Midbrain area of the PSP group [ (85. 8±12. 0) mm2 ] was the smallest, and there was statistically significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ) comparing with the SND group [ ( 133.2± 8. 4) nun2 ], PD group[ ( 133. 5±10. 8) mm2 ] and the control group [ ( 135.9±7.5 ) mm2 ]. There was no overlapping in the distribution of midbrain area between the PSP group(66.0-98. 2 mm2 ) and SND, PD and normal groups( 116. 2-142. 1, 110. 8-146. 2 and 121.7-145.8 mm2 ). The pons area-midbrain area ratio (P/M) of the PSP group (5.9±0. 8) was the largest in four groups, and there was statistically significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ) comparing with the SN D group ( 2. 9±0. 5 ), PD group ( 3.8±0. 3 ) and the control group (3. 8±0. 3 ). There was no overlapping in the distribution of P/M between the PSP group(5.0-7.2) and SND,PD and normal groups(2. 2-3.5, 3. 3-4. 6 and 3. 2-4. 2). SND group had the smallest P/M, pens area, pons diameter and middle cerebellar peduncles width [ 2.9±0. 5, ( 384. 8±62. 6) mm2 , ( 18. 6±2. 0) nun and( 12. 9±2. 4) mm ] in all groups, and significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ) was found comparing with the PSP group[5.9±0. 8, (500.1±21.8)mm2, (22. 7±1.7)mm and( 16. 3±1. 1) nun],PD group[3.8±0.3, (500.2±25.8)mm2, (23.7±1.0)mm and(16.8±1. 1)mm]and the control group [3. 8±0. 3, ( 508. 8±20. 6 ) mm2, ( 23.2±1.2) nun and ( 16. 4±0. 9 ) mm]. But the PD group and control group had no statistically significant difference in the midbrain area, pans area, pons diameter, P/M and middle cerebellar peduncles width ( P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion MRI measurements helps in the differential diagnosis among PSP, SND and PD.

Objective To evaluate the apparant diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of cerebellar and the middle cerebellar peduncles in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods Conventional MRI and DWI were performed in 18 clinically proved MSA patients with 7 cases of early cases (early-stage MSA group), 19 PD patients (PD group) and 18 agematched normal controls (the control group). DWI was performed using a single shot-spin echo-echo planar imaging sequences, and ADC values were measured in the ROIs (0. 16 cm2) of the bilateral cerebellum, the middle cerebellar peduncles and cerebral white matter. Then one way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Results Of the 18 MSA patients, 11 had MR abnormalities, 8 had hot-cross bun sign in the pens on T2-weighted images, 11 patients had pontine, cerebellar and medulla oblongata atrophy, 10 patients had atrophy of the middle cerebellar peduncles, 2 patients had hyperintense rim of the putamen and putaminal atrophy on T2-weighted images. The ADC values in the middle cerebellar peduncles were significantly increased in the MSA group[ (0. 98 ±0. 07) × 103 mm2/s] and early-stnge MSA group [ (0. 95 ±0. 05) ×103 mm2/s] as compared to PD group [ (0. 77 ±0. 04) × 103 mm2/s] and control group[ (0. 78 ±0. 04) ×103 mm2/s]. There was statistical significant difference among them (F = 91.049,55. 301, P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no overlap in the distribution of ADC values of the middle cerebellar peduncles among the MSA group [ (0.86-1.13 ) × 103 mm2/s ], early-stage MSA group [ (0. 86-1.02 ) × 103 mm2/s ] and PD group [ (0. 68-0. 84) × 103 mm2/s] and the control group [ (0. 69-0. 82) × 103 mm2/s]. The ADC values in the cerebellum were significantly increased in the MSA group[ (0. 95 ±0. 09) × 103 mm2/s] and early-stage MSA group [ (0. 92 ±0. 07) × 103 mm2/s] as compared to PD group [ (0. 78 ±0. 05) × 103 mm2/s] and control group[ (0. 79 ± 0. 05 ) × 103 mm2/s ]. Statistically significant difference was found among them (F =39. 274,18. 623 ,P ＜0. 01 ). There was overlap in the distribution of ADC values of the cerebellum [ MSAgroup(0. 80-1.10) × 103 mm2/s,early stage MSA group (0. 80-0. 99) × 103 mm2/s,PD group(0. 72-0. 90) × 103 mm2/s,control group (0. 71-0. 87) × 103 mm2/s]. There was no significant difference among the ADC values of MSA group, MSA group(early stages) and PD group and the control group in the cerebral white matter( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions ADC values in the cerebellum and the middle cerebellar peduncles have very important significance in differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.

OBJECTIVESeed dormancy mechanisms, breaking dormancy and the optimal germinating conditions were studied to improve reproductive efficiency and quality standard of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

METHODThe P. heterophylla seeds were stratified into wettish sand for 65 days under the temperature of -2-3 degrees C, embryo length and germination dynamic change of seeds were measured in prophase every other 10 days and in middle every other 5 days. The influences on seed germination and seedling growth under different temperatures, germination beds were investigated.

RESULTThe P. heterophylla seeds embryo morphology was unchanged in stratification. The seeds could not germinate at stratification within the first 35 days. The germination rate and germination energy of seeds increased with the stratification time after 35 days. Germination rate, germination energy, plant height and fresh weight under the 10 degrees C were significantly higher than those under other temperatures. Germination rate, germination energy, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of plant in sand bed were higher than those of plant in other beds, and seed mildew rate and abnormal seedling proportion of plant in sand bed were less than those of plant in other beds.

CONCLUSIONThe dormancy of P. heterophylla seeds is mainly the physiological post-maturation. The optimal germination conditions of seeds is 10 degrees C the culture of sand. The dormancy was broke under -2-3 degrees C of wettish sand for 45-50 days in practice.

Caryophyllaceae ; growth & development ; Germination ; Light ; Plant Dormancy ; physiology ; Seeds ; physiology ; Temperature

Objective:To investigate the value of 3D printing technology in sphenoid ridge meningioma dissection. Methods:By using craniocerebral spiral enhanced CT scan DICOM images, the skull, vessels, and tumor were extracted, reconstructed, and assembled and integrated in the same coordinate system. Then, we constructed a 3D virtual model and a 3D-printed entity model, which was ap-plied for preoperation and postoperation. Results:Virtual models of the brains of five patients were reconstructed successfully and 3D entity models were produced. The models expressed the relationship among tumors, adjacent blood vessels, and the important posi-tion of the nerve tissue. Then, the models were applied to the reference before surgery planning and after surgery. Five cases were successfully performed. Conclusion:The use of the entity model of sphenoid ridge meningioma is important in optimizing operation plans, improving tumor resection, and reducing intraoperative bleeding.