Objective To observe the toxic effects of Rotenone on PC12 cells.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the toxic effect of Rotenone.The apoptosis rate and membrane potential of mitochondria were examined by flowctyometry (FCM).Results PC12 cells viability decreased after exposed to Rotenone for 72 hours.Although the apoptosis rate was very low,the G1 phase cells increased and membrane potential decreased as the increase of Rotenone concentration.Mitochondrial membrane potential decreased with a concentration dependent manner.Conclusion Low level and long term exposure of rotenone may induce the membrane potential of mitochondria of PC12 cells decrease,it indicated that rotenone may induce an apoptotic process with the mitochondrial membrane potential decrease in the early stage.

Objective:To investigate the influence of compound glycyrrhizin on expression of HMB45,TNF-? and IL-6 in lesion of compound. using vitiligo guinea pig model induced by chemical decolorized compound.Methods:Two Guinea pig model groups were respectively treated with compound glycyrrhizin in 27.8 mg/kg and 55.6 mg/kg dosage. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to study the expression of HMB45,TNF-? and IL-6 in compound glycyrrhizin treated group,vitiligo model group and normal control group.Results:The expression of HMB45 in lesion of vitiligo model group was lower than the normal control group.The expression of HMB45 in lesion of compound treated group was higher than the vitiligo model group and the expression of HMB45 increased accompany by the increase of dosage.The expression of TNF-? and IL-6 in vitiligo model group was significantly higher than the normal control group (P

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the characters, pathogenesis and influencing factors of various tremors, so as to provide evidence for the identification, prevention and treatment of various tremors in clinic.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify articles about tremor published in English between January 1998 and May 2005 with the keyword of "tremor". Meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles published between January 1998 and May 2005 were searched with computer in Chinese full-text journal net by using the keyword of "tremor" in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: The data were primarily checked. Inclusive criteria: ① articles about the classification, etiological factors and influencing factors of tremor; ② retrospective investigation on specific events. Exclusive criteria: repetitive studies.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 48 articles were collected, and 31 repetitive studies were excluded. Of the other 17 ones accorded with the inclusive criteria, 9 were the investigations about tremor, and 8 were the specific cases of tremor.DATA SYNTHESIS: Tremor is classified mainly according to its manifestations and the etiological factors of basic disease. Mechanical tremor,reflexion of central nervous system and central oscillator are the pathogenesis of tremor. According to the manifestations, tremor canbe classified into static tremor, kinetic tremor, essential tremor, postural tremor, unfixed tremor. According to the different etiological factors, tremor can be classified into enhanced physiological tremor, essential tremor syndrome (classical essential tremor, orthostatic tremor, task-specific tremor, undetermined tremor), dystonic tremor, cerebellar tremor, Holmes tremor, peripheral neuropathic tremor, drug-induced and toxic tremor and psychogenic tremor,and different treatments should be adopted according to different etiological factors in clinic.CONCLUSION: Tremor has similar manifestations, but the pathogenesis are different, so different treatments should be adopted according to different etiological factors in clinic.

Objective To investigate the difference in EMG peroneal nerve conduction velocity between patients with diabetic foot ulcers and T2DM patients without diabetic foot and its influencing factors.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of a total of 108 patients, including 54 inpatients with diabetic foot and 54 T2DM patients without diabetic foot ulcers, so as to investigate the difference in EMG peroneal nerve conduction velocity between these two groups of patients and its influencing factors.Results Compared with the control group, EMG peroneal nerve conduction velocity was slower in the diabetic foot group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).There were significant differences in education attainment, WBC count, neutrophil ratio, hemoglobin, albumin, and ABI between the two groups (P<0.05).Peroneal sensory nerve conduction velocity presented negative correlation with HbA1C, WBC count, and neutrophil ratio(P<0.05), and positive correlation with fasting C-peptide level, hemoglobin, albumin, and ABI (P<0.05).Peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity presented negative correlation with smoking duration, HbA1C, and neutrophil ratio (P<0.05), and positive correlation with hemoglobin and albumin (P<0.05).Conclusion Diabetic perineuropathy is an important risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers.Poor blood glucose control, infection, smoking, poor pancreatic islet function, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and poor lower limb blood supply may contribute to the development or progression of diabetic perineuropathy.In preventing and treating diabetic foot, it is therefore desirable to lay stress on blood glucose control, give active anti-infective treatment, improve or protect pancreatic islet function, and correct anemia and hypoproteinemia;attention should also be paid to patient education on diabetes and foot diseases.

Objective To investigate the circadian rhythm of peripheral blood cell counts in Chinese healthy volunteers and nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Methods A total of 13 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and 14 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Venous blood was sampled every 4 hours during a 24-hour period. EDTA anticoagulated whole-blood was tested for blood cell counts immediately by automated hematology analyzer. The plasma cortisol level was determined by Radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance for Repeated Measures using SPSS 13.0 software and by Cosinor Analysis using Cosinor Analysis Software. Results Both healthy volunteers and nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients displayed clear circadian rhythms in red blood cells, hemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and possibly platelets. Those blood cell counts also showed a significant variation during 24h. Conclusion Peripheral blood cell counts display significant circadian rhythms in both healthy volunteers and advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, suggesting the possibility of performing the time-selective collection and transfusion of blood.

Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 20 cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with subacute thyroiditis from February 2009 to April 2013.85％ of the patients showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP).Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was found in 95 ％ of the patients,while thyroid globulin antibody (TgAb) in 100％.Uptakes of radioactive iodine were lowered.Symptoms such as fever or pain were ameliorated quickly after treatment with glucocorticoids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Objective To understand the clinical characters and imaging features of Mirizzi syndrome.Methods All 15 patients were confirmed by operation , including 10 females and 5 males , aged 41～82 (mean age 65.1 years old). The course ranged from 4 days to 15 years. Among them, ERCP were performed in 8 patients, PTC in 2 patients, MRCP in 4 patients and CT in 3 patients.Results Cholangiography of Mirizzi syndrome revealed a broad, curvilinear impression on the common hepatic duct in the area where the cystic duct or gallbladder was in direct apposition, hepatic bile duct dilation above the level of the cystic duct. 6 cases were diagnosed to be Mirizzi syndrome preoperatively (3 cases in ERCP , 2 cases in PTC , 1 case in MRCP), 7 cases bile duct stone, 1 case bile duct dilation, 1 case normal. Conclusion Mirizzi syndrome is a rare disease . No pathognomonic features appear in either the history or the physical examination .Diagnosis requires a combination of ultrasonography , cholangiography (ERCP,PTC), CT and MRI .

Objective To investigate the dosimetric characteristics of hippocampal?avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation ( HA?PCI ) in fixed?field intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT ) and volumetric modulated arc therapy ( VMAT) and the feasibility and risks of hippocampal avoidance. Methods Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was performed for 16 patients with localized small cell lung cancer ( SCLC) who were treated in our hospital from January to August, 2014, and achieved complete response ( CR) after chemoradiotherapy, with a prescribed dose of 25 Gy in 10 fractions. CT localization image was fused with brain MRI image to contour the hippocampus on the fused image, and the boundary of the hippocampus was extended 5 mm outward to form the area for reduced dose. IMRT and VMAT plans with hippocampal avoidance were developed separately, and the dose distribution in the whole brain, the hippocampus, and the 5?mm area outside the hippocampus was evaluated for these two plans. Independent?samples t test was applied to evaluate the difference between the two groups. Results The mean hippocampal volume in the 16 patients was 2. 76 cm3 ( range 2. 56 ?3. 01 cm3 ) . The mean radiation dose ( Dmean ) in the hippocampus during IMRT and VMAT was 9. 04± 0. 20 Gy and 10. 32± 0. 28 Gy, respectively, reduced by 66. 0% and 61. 2%, respectively, compared with the prescribed dose ( P=0. 55);Dmean in the area for reduced dose during IMRT and VMAT was 13. 57± 0. 90 Gy and 14. 86± 0. 60 Gy, respectively, reduced by 49. 0% and 44. 1%, respectively, compared with the prescribed dose (P=0. 88). Conclusions HA?PCI in IMRT and VMAT meets the clinical requirements, and can reduce the dose in the hippocampus while ensuring the whole?brain radiation dose, and therefore can be applied in PCI and provide a technical support to protect the patient’ s neurocognitive function.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury in pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation. Methods Fifty-eight pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 5-20 months,weighing 4.5-15.0kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ,scheduled for elective living-related liver transplantation,were divided into 2 groups(n=29 each)using a random number table:control group(group C)and dexmedetomidine group(group D).In group D,dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 10min starting from the time point immediately before skin incision,followed by an infusion of 0.8 μg·kg-1·h-1 until the end of surgery. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. Immediately before skin incision(baseline,T0),at 10min of anhepatic phase(T1),at 30min of neohepatic phase(T2)and at the end of surgery(T3),blood samples were obtained from the central vein for determination of serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(α-HBDH),interleukin-6(IL-6)and IL-10 concentrations. The changing rate of serum cTnI concentrations were calculated at T2. The occurrence of myocardial ischemia and ventricular premature beat and requirement for dopamine were recorded during surgery. Results Compared with the baseline at T0,the serum concentrations of cTnI,LDH and α-HBDH were significantly increased at T2,3,and the serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were increased at T1-3 in both groups(P<0.05).Compared with group C,the serum concentrations of cTnI,LDH,α-HBDH and IL-6 were significantly decreased at T2,3,the serum concentration of IL-10 was increased at T1-3,the changing rate of serum cTnI concentrations was decreased(P<0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of myocardial ischemia and ventricular premature beat and requirement for dopamine in group D(P>0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can attenuate the myocardial injury to some extent in pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of Burkholderia cepacia(BCE) pneumonia. METHODS The 31 cases of inpatients and outpatients in our hospital were analyzed from Jul 2005 to Dec 2007. RESULTS From them 11 cases were with community-acquired pneumonia and 20 cases with hospital-acquired pneumonia,the underlying diseases in 27 cases.Of these cases,19 cases were kidney transplant recipients,four cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,seven cases with non-insulin dependent diabetes,three cases with cerebral vascular diseases,and two cases were with malignant tumors.All cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy,bronchial lavage,and BCE positive in douche liquid.At last there were 24(77.4%) cases cured,2 cases discharged(6.5%) and 5 cases deceased(16.1%). CONCLUSIONS BCE is a multi-drug resistant bacteria.BCE pneumonia often appears severe.It appears non-specific clinical symptoms in early stage and higher mortality.It should be treated as soon as possible by using piperacillin /tazobactam-based combined anti-infection treatment.