Objective To investigate the manifestations of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of the choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) and the relationship with histopathological changes in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients with AMD diagnosed by ICGA were classified into three types based on ICGA findings: developing type in 9 eyes, degenerating type in 9, and stabilizing type in 3. CNV was extracted by vitrectomy and the histopathological characteristics of CNV was observed under the light and electron microscope. Results The histopathological characteristics of the specimens of developing type revealed abundant CNV partly enwrapped with non-pigmental cells and fibrous tissue or a few pigmental cells; degenerating type revealed reduced activation duration of CNV, many pigmental cells and a little fibrous tissue; stabilizing type revealed a mass of fibrous tissue,few CNV and nonexistence of pigmental cells. Conclusion The histopathological characteristics of exudative AMD may be related to the manifestations of ICGA.

Objective To investigate the related factors of effects on distant visual acuity after photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods One hundred and thirty-five cases (135 eyes) of CNV treated with PDT were observed. The gender, preoperative distant and near visual acuity, disease course, pathogeny, area of CNV, types of CNV ascertained by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and changes of CNV in FFA were recorded. Multi-factor regression analysis of visual acuity within 1 month and 3 months after PDT was performed with SPSS statistics software. Results The distant visual acuity within 1 month postoperatively was related to the preoperative distant visual acuity, the area of CNV and the changes in the FFA(P=0.000,0.030,0.062), and 3 months after PDT, it was related to the distant and near visual acuity preoperatively and the changes in the FFA(P=0.000,0.054,0.034). The condition of distant visual acuity within 1 month postoperatively was related to the FFA type of CNV and the disease course(P =0.018,0.08). Conclusion The smaller the area of CNV is, the better postoperative distant visual acuity would be. The proportion of improvement of visual acuity is relatively higher in patients with classic CNV. Early treatment for the patients with the indicatio may improve the visual acuity effectively.

Objective To observe the expression of NGF mRNA in rats brain with diabetes and the effects of hypoglycemia caused by oral antidiabetic drugs on NGF mRNA.Methods A total of 64 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(16)and diabetes model group(48).Using high fat and high sugar diet+intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to prepare type 2 diabetes model.The diabetes model group was randomly divided into non-medication group(16),oral medication group (16) and hypoglycemia group(16).The oral medication rats and hypoglycemia rats were given glibenclamide+metformin by intragastric administration once daily for 12 d,the dose of hypoglycemia rats was 5 times of treatment rats.The brain tissues of rats in each group were used respectively the RT-PCR method to detect NGF mRNA at 3,6,9 and 12 d.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of NGF mRNA in the brain tissues of the 3 groups of diabetic rats were decreased in different degrees and the non-medication group was the most obvious(P＜0.01).Compared with the non-medication group,the oral medication group was significantly increased(P＜0.01),the hypoglycemia group was further decreased(P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Oral hypoglycemic drugs can effectively enhance the expression of NGF mRNA in brain tissue of diabetic rats,but hypoglycemia caused by Oral antidiabetic drugs can make the expression of NGF mRNA further decreased.So hypoglycemia is not conducive to the repair of diabetic neuropathy.

Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture combined with enriched rehabilitation training on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats with brain injury. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 450 μg/kg∙d) was injected to pregnant rats on the 17th and 18th days intraperitoneally. The control group was injected with equal sterile normal saline. The neonatal rats injected with LPS were randomly divided into non-intervention group and intervention group. The intervention group received intervention once a day until the 28th day. The control group and the non-intervention groups were fed regularly. Immunohistochemistry (SABC) was used to detect the expression of BDNF on the 1st, 14th, 21st and 28th days. Results The expression of BDNF was higher in the non-intervention group than in the control group (P<0.01) on the 1st day, but there was no significant difference on the 14th, 21st and 28th days. And it was higher in the intervention group than in the other 2 groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture combined with enriched rehabilitation training can significantly improve the expression of BDNF in cerebral cortex of neonatal rats with brain injury

Objective To investigate the clinical presentation, hormonal profile and metabolic abnormalities in subgroups of women with PCOS and explore a reasonable classification for PCOS. Methods A cross-sectional study of 192 women with PCOS (14-38 years of age) was performed. The patients were divided into 3 groups of A, B and C according to the revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and also divided into 2 groups according to body mass index(BMI) : group A(n=110), long term anovulation, clinical and biochemical evidence of high androgen level, ovary enlargement with its size larger than 10 ml or number of small follicles of 2-9 mm ≥12 under ultrasound with exclusion of other diseases caused by high androgen;group B(n=46), long term anovulation, clinical and biochemical evidence of high androgen level;group C(n=36), long term anovulation, ovary enlargement with its size larger than 10 ml or number of small follicles of 2-9 mm ≥12 under ultrasound with exclusion of other disease caused by high androgen; obesity PCOS group (OB-PCOS,n=70),BMI≥25(kg/m~2); no obesity PCOS group (NOB-PCOS,n=122), BMI

As the progress of organ and tissue transplantation technology, pancreas and islet transplantation has been introduced to treat diabetes and became hot. However, many shortcomings and re-lated issues need to be improved concerning the islet cell sources. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has become the hot topic on induction of islet-like cell because it was simple to access, easy to culture and possess the function of immunosuppressian. In recent years, artificial construction of pancreatic islet cells, which uses gene recombinant and gene transfection to reforge islet-like cells, has improved the induction rate of BMSCs and increased the amount of insulin serection, and it also provide new ideas and direction for the treatment of diabetes.

Objective To investigate the difference in EMG peroneal nerve conduction velocity between patients with diabetic foot ulcers and T2DM patients without diabetic foot and its influencing factors.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of a total of 108 patients, including 54 inpatients with diabetic foot and 54 T2DM patients without diabetic foot ulcers, so as to investigate the difference in EMG peroneal nerve conduction velocity between these two groups of patients and its influencing factors.Results Compared with the control group, EMG peroneal nerve conduction velocity was slower in the diabetic foot group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).There were significant differences in education attainment, WBC count, neutrophil ratio, hemoglobin, albumin, and ABI between the two groups (P<0.05).Peroneal sensory nerve conduction velocity presented negative correlation with HbA1C, WBC count, and neutrophil ratio(P<0.05), and positive correlation with fasting C-peptide level, hemoglobin, albumin, and ABI (P<0.05).Peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity presented negative correlation with smoking duration, HbA1C, and neutrophil ratio (P<0.05), and positive correlation with hemoglobin and albumin (P<0.05).Conclusion Diabetic perineuropathy is an important risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers.Poor blood glucose control, infection, smoking, poor pancreatic islet function, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and poor lower limb blood supply may contribute to the development or progression of diabetic perineuropathy.In preventing and treating diabetic foot, it is therefore desirable to lay stress on blood glucose control, give active anti-infective treatment, improve or protect pancreatic islet function, and correct anemia and hypoproteinemia;attention should also be paid to patient education on diabetes and foot diseases.

Objective To seek the evidence-based medicine (EBM) evidences of curative effects of intravitreous injection with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for macular edema. Methods All articles of intravitreous injection TA for macular edema published in English or Chinese were picked up from databases of MEDLINE and CNKI and then evaluated according to EBM standard. The data in accord with research standard were selected by using excluding and including criteria, and classified according to the appraisal standard of clinical therapeutic documents. Results In the selected papers, none in gradeⅠevidence; 1 in gradeⅡevidence; 7 in grade Ⅲ evidence; 24 in grade Ⅳ evidence; and 19 in gradeⅤevidence. Forty-two papers reported that intravitreous injection with TA had significant effect for macular edema within 3 months, and the improvement of visual acuity was recorded in these papers. Regression of macular edema was recorded in 23 papers. Among 20 papers, side-effect was found in 93 eyes (31.41%) and the serious side-effect in 4 eyes (1.35%). Conclusions Intravitreous injection with TA has some curative effects for macular edema in short term, but the quality of current study has not been encouraging. There are no grade I document and lack of the study of validity in long term and essentiality and validity of retreatment. The special attention should be payed on the increasing persistency of efficacy and preventing the serious side-effects in the future investigation.

Objective To compare the clinical results of photodynamic therapy(PDT) and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for patients with choroidal neovascularization caused by exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods Seventy cases (82 eyes) with exudative AMD were divided into PDT and TTT groups. Thirty-five cases (42 eyes) were treated with PDT. Nineteen eyes had occult or predominantly occult CNV. Twenty-three eyes had classic or predominantly classic CNV. Thirty-five cases (40 eyes) were treated with TTT. Twenty-five eyes had occult or predominantly occult CNV. Fifteen eyes had classic or predominantly classic CNV. Visual acuity, FFA, ICGA and OCT were evaluated before and after treatment. All cases were subfoveal or juxtafoveal CNV. The follow-up was (3-6 months.) Results Visual acuity in 3 eyes (15.8%) of PDT group and 1 eye (4.0%) in TTT group increased at least 2 lines. The difference was no significant(P=0.1778), FFA showed cessation or reduction of fluorescein leakage from CNV in 15 eyes(78.9%) in PDT group and 13 eyes(52.0%) in TTT group. The difference was not significant (P=0.0657). Three months after treatment, The visual acuity of 2 eyes(10.5%) in PDT group and 2 eyes (8.0%) in TTT group increased at least 2 lines. The difference was not significant (P=0.7728). FFA showed cessation or reduction of fluorescein leakage from CNV in 8 eyes(42.1%) in PDT group and 21 eyes(84.0%) in TTT group. The difference was significant (P=0.0037). Conclusion For classic CNV, the short-term effect of PDT is better than TTT concerning visual acuity. The effect of PDT is apparently better than TTT in cessation or reduction of fluorescein leakage one month after treatment. But there was no significant difference between PDT and TTT in cessation or reduction of fluorescein leakage three month after treatment. For occult CNV, there is no significant short-term difference between PDT and TTT concerning visual acuity. There was no significant difference between PDT and TTT in cessatin or reduction of fluorescein leakage one month after treatment. But three month after treatment TTT is apparently better than PDT in cessation or reduction of fluorescein leakage. We need more cases and longer follow -up to evaluate these two kinds of treatments in treating exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Objective To investigate the difference of curative effect of various surgical methods for the treatment of idiopathic senile macular hole. Methods A retrospective analysis was made for 86 eyes with stage Ⅱ Ⅳ idiopathic full thickness macular hole treated with various modes of operation,ie, single vitrectomy (7 eyes),vitrectomy combined with autologous platelet concentrate (APC) as an adjuvant (40 eyes), vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling (14 eyes), vitrectomy with both ILM peeling and APC treatment (25 eyes). The main outcome measures included anatomic reattachment rate,change of visual acuity,findings of optic coherence tomography (OCT), Amsler grid and intra or postoperative complication evaluations. Results (1) In visual acuity improvement, the APC group (80.0%) was significantly better than anyone of the other three groups ( P