Aim To study the effect of chromomycin on MPP~+-induced dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis.Methods An apoptosis model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpridnium ion(MPP~+)was established in cultured fetal mesencephalic neurons in vitro.Dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and phospho-Tau levels were detected by immunofluorescence.Results 10 μmol·L~(-1) MPP~+ hyperphosphorylated Tau at Ser396 and induced dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis.Chromomycin increased the number of TH-positive cells via inhibiting Tau phosphorylation.Conclusion These results indicate thatchromomycin inhibits Tau phosphorylation at Ser396 and therefore protects dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons from apoptosis induced by MPP+,which suggests that Chromomycin may be used to cure neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease in clinic.

Objective To develop a novel synergism compound suspension concentrate of niclosamide and chlorphoxim (Co-SCN) and sdudy its characteristics. Methods Niclosamide and chlorphoxim were milled by a ball mill and mixed with different amounts of wetting agent. disper-sant agent, thickener, and water etc. , to develop Co-SCN, and the pH value, thickener, grain size were evaluated. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of niclosamide and chlorphoxim were measured. The content of niclosamide and chlorphoxim in the solution were assayed by HPLC. Results Co-SCN was a gray thickener fluidity liquid. It was very easy to disperse and could be mixed with water in any proportion. Its pH was 8. 65 and thickener was 137 mpa? s. The grain sizes (diameter) were from 0. 138-19. 953 ?m. Of them more than 95. 6% was smaller than 10 ?m and more than 82. 24% was smaller than 5 ?m. There were three peaks of ultraviolet absorption spectrum for niclosamide: 210, 234 nm and 334 nm respectively. One peak of chlorphoxim was at 269 nm. The novel formulation contained 20.64% niclosamide and 5.26% chlorphoxim. The suspension stability of Co-SCN was 100% for 2 hours and 89. 14% for 4 hours, and otherwise WPN in water was speedy sediment. Conclusion The novel synergism compound suspension concentrate of niclosamide and chlorphoxim is a stable quality and standard formulation.

To study chemical constituents contained in ethanol extracts from roots of Machilus yaoshansis. Fifteen compounds were separated from the roots of M. yaoshansis by using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data as twelve lignans(+)-guaiacin (1), kadsuralignan C (2), (+)-isolariciresinol (3), 5'-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol (4), (7'S, 8R, 8'R)-lyoniresinol (5), meso-secoisolariciresinol (6), isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (7), 5'-methoxy-isolariciresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (8), lyoniresinol-9'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (9), (2R, 3R) -2, 3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(E)-propenylbenzofuran (10), 3, 5'-dimethoxy-4', 7-epoxy-8, 3'-neolignan-4, 9, 9'-triol (11), nectandrin B (12), and three flavanes(+)-catechin (13), (-)-epicatechin (14), and bis-8, 8'-catechinylmethane (15). All of the compounds 1-15 were separated from M. yaoshansis for the first time.
Butylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Catechin ; chemistry ; Lauraceae ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Naphthols ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

Cancer， one of the deadliest diseases caused by cells escaping homeostasis， abnormal proliferation， and abnormal differentiation， is fast becoming one of the most burdensome diseases of this century. With decades of human research and cognitive changes in cancer， cancer treatment is also developing rapidly， but there is still a lack of effective treatment and countermeasures. Especially， the search for safe， efficient， and non-toxic drugs has become a long-term goal in the field of cancer. Saponins extracted and separated from traditional Chinese medicine can improve cancer through various pathways and have almost no toxic side effects. Therefore， the research on the anti-cancer effect of saponins is heating up. It is found that saponins play anti-tumor roles by inhibiting proliferation， metastasis， and angiogenesis of cancer cells， promoting apoptosis of cancer cells， inducing autophagy of tumor cells， and regulating miRNA expression and immune functions. Chinese herbal medicine saponins can regulate secretory glycoprotein /β-catenin （Wnt/β-catenin）， adenylate activated protein kinase （AMPK）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， Janus kinase/activator of signal transduction and transcription 3 （JAK/ STAT3）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）， Toll-like receptor （TLR）， and other related signaling pathways to get involved in the proliferation， metastasis， angiogenesis， apoptosis， autophagy， and other processes of cancer cells， thus interfering with the progression of cancer. Therefore， the focus of this review is to update the discovery and evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine saponins with anti-cancer properties， clarify their mechanism of action， including the progress of related signaling pathways， and deepen the understanding of the anti-cancer function of Chinese herbal medicine saponins， so as to provide a new perspective and direction for the prevention and treatment of tumors by traditional Chinese medicine and better promote the development and utilization of resources.