Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Limb Deformities, Congenital ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Phenotype

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause a series of secondary changes, such as neuronal dysfunction, blood-brain barrier destruction, secondary neurovascular injury, neuroinflammation, and even neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, studies have found that microglia can regulate the long-term inflammation and tissue repair process after TBI through the changes of M1 phenotype and M2 phenotype, affecting the TBI progress. Therefore, this article reviews the recent advance in role of microglia, regulatory mechanisms and related therapies of microglia after TBI, in order to provide some references for TBI treatment.