US10 gene of Herpesvirus is located in the short unique region of its genome and not essential for virus replication.US10 gene encodes a phosphorylated tegument-capsid associated protein or type Ⅰ transmembrane glycoprotein which selectively targets the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-G,a kind of nonclassical class Ⅰ MHC molecular,to reduce and block the host NK cell cytotoxicity in immune evasion.US10 can also interact with host proteins to play a pathogenic role and regulate the expression of other viral proteins such as glycoprotein E (gE).Through further research,the role of US10 in virulence and its ability to combine with RNA and regulate transcription can be judged in the future.

Objective To evaluate the preliminary mechanisms of endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) for lower extremity varicose vein.Methods Laser energy was endovenously administered to observe its biological effects on greater saphenous vein (GSV) segments with different conditions.Some great saphenous vein that was surgically removed after EVLT was examined by means of histopathology.Cruor status was tested after EVLT.Results Histopathologic examination found the vein wall treated by EVLT showed reddening,carbonization,or even perforation,denudation of the intima,loss of cellular contours,and fibrin deposition.Additionally,some areas showed marked vacuolization of cells or even spongiosis,swelling and waxy homogenization of collagen,focal coagulation necrosis within the intima.In saline-filled veins,EVLT-induced vessel wall injury was confined to the site of direct laser impact.In contrast,blood-filled veins exhibited thermal damage in more remote areas including the vein wall opposite to the laser impact.D-dimer was significantly changed after EVLT.Conclusions EVLT laser induced indirect local heat injury of the inner vein wall by steam bubbles originating from boiling blood is proposed as the pathophysiological mechanism of action of EVLT.Intravascular blood plays a key role for homogeneously distributed thermal damage of the inner vein wall during EVLT.No significant difference could be detected between the two laser wavelengths.Continuous emission mode is better than pulse emission mode.

Retrievable vena cava filters can be used to prevent pulmonary embolism. The advantage of the retrievable vena cava filters is that they can either be removed or be remained in the vena cava permanently if needed. This article describes the current status of retrievable vena cava filters including indications, outcomes, patient management, time of filter removal, and the management of thrombus in the filter.

Objective To study the influence of body mass index on ambulatory venous pressure of chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremity.Methods One hundred and two consecutive patients with chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremity were enrolled in this study.Ambulatory venous pressure and body mass index were assessed and compared.Normal body weight group had 28 cases,over weight group had 43 cases,obesity group had 31 cases.Resets The complication of pigmentation,eczema,skin sclerosis and ulcer were more in obesity group and over weight group than those in normal body weight group.The resting pressure (P0) in obesity group,over weight group and normal body weight group were (118.0 ± 11.5),(113.0 ± 9.7),(101.0 ± 10.6) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),the pressure after unclamp 4 s (4SP)were (75.00 ± 2.99),(71.00 ± 3.01),(65.00 ± 2.17) mm Hg,the percentage of decreased pressure(pd)were (35.0 ± 5.4)％,(39.0 ± 4.3)％,(43.0 ± 5.1)％,the time of P0 recovered 50％ (RT50) were(7 ± 1),(9 ± 2),(12 ± 3) s.The P0 and 4SP in obesity group,over weight group were significantly higher than those in normal body weight group (P ＜0.05).The Pd,RT50 in obesity group,over weight group were significantly lower than those in normal body weight group (P＜0.05).Conclusion With the increasing of body mass index,the chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremity is more severity.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and its effect on trapezius tension.Methods Seventy-eight patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 39 cases each. The treatment group received pricking-cupping bloodletting and the control group, conventional acupuncture plus cupping. The nerve function was scored, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded and trapezius tension was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the nerve function score, the VAS score and trapezius tension in the two groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the VAS score and trapezius tension between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 94.9% in the treatment group and 89.7% in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in theclinical therapeutic effect between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting can effectively improve pain symptoms and trapezius tension in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

Objective To study the change of intracellular free Ca2+ in the oocyst when it melanized and to find out the relationship between the melanized oocyst and its intracellular level of free Ca2+ in a Plasmodium-refractory strain of Anopheles dirus. Methods The distribution and experimental condition of the intracellular free Ca2+ in oocyst of Plasmodium yoelii was measured with Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-3/AM and Plutonic F-127 under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) at different time. Results The best load condition was that the oocysts were incubated in 3 ?mol/ml Fluo-3/AM adding 1 ?l/ml 25% Pluronic F-127 for 60 min at 37 ℃ . Fluorescent imaging of oocysts was affected by an increase or decrease of the concentration of Fluo-3/Am and incubation time. The distribution of intracellular free Ca2+ was heterogeneous in the oocysts. The mean value of Ca2 + in the mature oocysts was (137.15 ?7.02) nmol/L(X?S) but was (18.44? 1.75) nmol/L in melanized oocysts with Ca2+ sedimentation in the wall of oocyst. Conclusion The results suggest that the level of the intracellular free Ca2+ in oocyst decreased and excreted during its melanization in a Plasmodium-reiractory anopheline mosquito species.

Objective] To analyse the soluble antigens of different developmental stages of Pagumogonimus skrjabini and deve lop a specific and sensitive serodiagnostic method for pagumogonimiasis. [Methods] The soluble antigens of P.skrjabini of various stages were separated by SDS PAGE. The specific antigen of the adult fluke was recognized immunologically by immunoblot assay. The protein bands between 10～30 kDa purified by SDS PAGE and electrophoretic elution were used in dot ELISA. [Results] Using dot ELISA, the soluble antigens of adult were recognized by sera infected with P skrjabini . More reactive bands appeared at 10～30 kDa, but major protein bands were at 22、24 and 26 kDa. However, using sera from patients infected with other trematodes including schistosome and Clonorchis , cross reaction bands appeared within 60 to 90 kDa. When compared with ELISA of crude adult antigens for detecting 28 suspected patients, there was no significant difference between the two methods. The sera of 38 patients with other diseases were also detected by the two tests. No cross reaction occurred with the purified adult antigen dot ELISA while 13 2%(5/38) of the sera cross reacted in ELISA of crude adult antigens. [Conclusion] Dot ELISA using 10～30 kDa antigen might be a specific and sensitive serodiagnostic method for diagnoing pagumogonimiasis.

Objective To preliminarily reveal the neurovascular effect of electroacupuncture and adrenomedullin (ADM) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Rat changes after middle cerebral artery ischemia and reperfusion, and the effect of electroacupuncture and ADM on them were investigated using the neurological deficit score, somatosensory evoked potentials and TTC staining technique.Results Electroacupuncture and ADM can significantly improve the neurological deficit score after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two (P>0.05). The P1-N1 and N1-P2 peak values of somatosensory evoked potentials decreased significantly at 30 min after ischemia (P<0.05), recovered somewhat at 60 minutes and decreased significantly again during reperfusion (P<0.05). Electroacupuncture or ADM during reperfusion could significantly improved somatosensory evoked potentials at the end of experiment (P<0.05). Electroacupuncture and ADM could significantly reduce the size of cerebral ischemia-induced infarct (P<0.05), but there was no significant differencebetween the two (P>0.05).Conclusions Electroacupuncture can reduce neurological impairment and improve brain blood supply after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. That is similar to the neurovascular effect of ADM.

Objective　To explore the relationship between hemolymph phenol oxidase and the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus. Methods　An Anopheles dirus-Plasmodium yoelii system was used Anopheles dirus were divided into 3 groups, that is, non-blood-fedding (N), normal-blood-fedding (B) and infected-blood-fedding (I). The activities of MPO and o-DPO in hemolymph from 3 groups were determined with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and density scanning at 5, 7, 11 and 15 d after blood feeding. Results　Both MPO and o-DPO activity were significantly higher in group I than group N and B (P<0.05). But with the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts, both MPO and o-DPO activity in group I were decreased in comparison with group N, especially on the 15 th day after infected-blood feeding. MPO and o-DPO activity in group B were significantly stronger than those of group N. Conclusion　Blood feeding and infection of Plasmodium yoelii both can activate the cascade. The heamolymph phenol oxidase may play an important role in the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus.

Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to provide a scientific basis for future experimental research and clinical applications. Methods:Forty male specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:a normal group,a normal with EA group,a model group,and a model with EA group,with 10 rats in each group.The normal group received no intervention.The normal with EA group received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).The model group underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using the suture.The model with EA group underwent MCAO and received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).Cerebral blood flow was monitored using a laser Doppler cerebral blood flow meter.Neurologic damage was assessed using the neurologic deficit score,and motor ability was observed using the CatWalk gait system.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and neuronal nuclei(NeuN)protein,the neuron markers,was detected by Western blotting.The protein expression levels of GFAP and NeuN,as well as the number of positive cells in the motor cortex,were detected using immunofluorescence. Results:Compared to the normal group,the cerebral blood flow values in the model group and the model with EA group decreased by more than 50%during the modeling process(P<0.01)and returned to pre-modeling levels after reperfusion(P>0.05).The neurologic deficit score increased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity decreased(P<0.05),GFAP protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.05),and the NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells decreased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared to the model group,the neurologic deficit score decreased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity accelerated(P<0.05),GFAP and NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.01)in the model with EA group. Conclusion:EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)can reduce neuronal loss and increase GFAP and NeuN protein expression in the motor cortex of rats after ischemia-reperfusion,improve the motor function after ischemic stroke,and accelerate the recovery of balance and stability of the affected limbs.