ObjectiveTo compare the real-time analgesic effects between two different groups of acupoints in treating primary dysmenorrhea, for providing objective evidences for optimizing the treatment protocol for primary dysmenorrhea.MethodSixty eligible patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into 3 groups: group A received acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), group B received acupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Guanyuan (CV4), and group C as a blank control group, 20 cases in each group. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was observed prior to the acupuncture treatment, after the insertion of the needles, and after removal of the needles in the three groups.ResultThe VAS scores changed significantly in group A and B after intervention (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in comparing the VAS score between group A and B after intervention (P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Sanyinjiao alone and acupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Guanyuan both can produce analgesic effect at the attackof primary dysmenorrhea. However, for optimizing the treatment protocol, selecting Sanyinjiao alone will be enough.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of antioxidant taurine plus metoprolol on the blood pressure(BP)and blood vessel function of elderly spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods SHRs were divided into three groups (6 rats,each):metoprolol group (100 mg · kg-1 · d-1,intragastric administration);taurine group (200 mg · kg-1 · d-1,intraperitoneal injection);taurine plus metoprolol group(metoprolol 100 mg· kg-1 · d-1,intragastric administration ± taurine 200 mg· kg-1 · d-1,intraperitoneal injection).The control group[6 Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rats]was treated with the same volume of sterile normal saline on the same schedule in intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection.Blood pressure variability(BPV),diurnal variation of BP,the level of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px),malonaldehyde (MDA) and the aorta GSTM1 enzyme expression were evaluated before and 14 days after treatment.Results The serum GSH-Px activities were higher in metoprolol group[(2 759.8 ± 117.6) kU/L],taurine group [(2 848.0 ± 280.2) kU/L] and taurine plus metoprolol group[(3 052.8±283.7)kU/L]than in control group[(2 368.0± 60.4) kU/L] (all P＜0.05).Fourteen days after treatment,MDA level was significantly lower in taurine group[(9.5±0.7)ng/L,P＜0.01]than in control group[(13.7±1.5)ng/L].However,there was no statistical difference in MDA level between metoprolol group/taurine plus metoprolol group and control group.Forty weeks after treatment with taurine,GSTM1 protein expression was increased,but it had no statistical difference.Conclusions The combined antioxidant taurine and metoprolol can effectively decrease BPV of elderly SHRs,in which the antioxidant effect might be associated with elevated GSTM1 protein expression.

Aim To study the content and clinical significance of serum endothelin-1(ET-1)in patient with malignant tumors. Methods The contents of serum ET-1 in 85 patients with malignant tumors,30 patients with benign diseases and 30 normal indivaduals were detected by radioimmunoassay. Results (1)The mean concentrations of serum ET-1 in normal individuals and in non-tumor patients were (46.9± 23.1)μ g/L and (51.1± 30.9)μ g/L,respectively, while in patients with malignant tumors it was (190.1± 135.2～ 382.4± 190.1)μ g/L. (2)There was no significant difference between the mean serum contents of ET-1 in normal individuals and non-tumors pstients(P∧ 0.05),but the level of serum ET-1 in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than that in above two groups(P∨ 0.001). (3)When the mean content plus twice standard deviation of serum ET-1 in normal individuals was as a threshold value,that is ,the value was defined as the positive clinical value to diagnose cancer, the positive rates of patients with different malignant tumours were 72％ ～ 100％ . Conclusion Serum ET-1 contents could be used as a better tumor index for maligant tumor screening and accessory diagnosis.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of secondary unreamed intramedullary nailing following primary external fixation for open tibial shaft fractures.Methods From March 2011 to June 2014,we treated 28 open tibial shaft fractures.They were 17 men and 11 women,aged from 21 to 62 years (average,38.2 years).After thorough debridement,the tibia was stabilized temporarily with external fixation.The wounds were handled with primary closure or secondary repair with skin grafts or tissue flaps.After the wounds healed,the external fixation was replaced by unreamed intramedullary nailing.Fracture union and complications were documented.The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the final follow-ups according to the Johner-Wruhs scoring system.Results All the 28 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months (average,13.5 months).Bony union was achieved in all after 4 to 15 months (average,4.9 months).Delayed union was observed in 4 cases which were healed after dynamic fixation.There was no deep infection,nail breakage,malunion or limb shortening in any one.Mild knee pain was reported by 5 cases after surgery.According to the Johner-Wruhs criteria,18 cases were excellent,7 good,and 3 moderate,giving an excellent to good rate of 89.3％.Conclusion Primary external fixation and secondary unreamed intramedullary nailing can result in good fracture union with satisfactory biomechanical stability and favorable early rehabilitation in the treatmeut of open tibial shaft fractures.

AIM:To explore the mechanisms underlying contraction induced by extracelluar acidosis (pHex6.8) in rat isolated coronary artery (RCA).METHODS:Using the microvessel tension recorder system, the effects of acid-base transporters on RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 were explored by applying the selective pharmacological inhibitors of Na+-H+ exchanger 1 (NHE-1) and Na+-HCO-3 cotransporter (NBC), HOE-642 and S0859, respectively.The effects of chloride channel on RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 were explored by applying the inhibitors of chloride channel (NPPB and NFA), and by replacing the extracellular NaCl with equimolar NaBr.RESULTS:pHex6.8 augmented the resting tension of RCA, and the maximum contraction was (3.90±0.95) mN.HOE-642 at 30 μmol/L and S0859 at 100 μmol/L both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by pHex6.8 (P<0.01).NPPB and NFA both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by pHex6.8 or KCl (60 mmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner.NPPB and NFA (100 μmol/L) both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by U46619 (1 μmol/L).Replacing the extracellular NaCl with equimolar NaBr almost completely inhibited RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 (P<0.01), but had no obvious effect on the contraction induced by KCl (60 mmol/L) or U46619 (1 μmol/L).CONCLUSION:Extracellular acidosis-induced contraction in RCA may be related to the activated NHE-1 and NBC, and it may be also related to the enhanced chloride transport across the membrane.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation is considered as a promising therapy for spinal cord injury. How to more effectively promote the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the area of spinal cord injury and to accelerate the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury is a current study focus. Previous studies have found that low-frequency electromagnetic fields can promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel proliferation and differentiation, but whether the low-frequency electromagnetic fields can be applied to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury requires further studies. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on motor function of spinal cord injury rats after transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cel s. METHODS:Sixty-four rat models of incomplete spinal cord injury at T 10 were established by compression method and then randomized into control group, transplantation group (bone mesenchymal stem cel transplantation), electromagnetic field group and combination group (electromagnetic field+bone mesenchymal stem cel transplantation). After successful modeling, bone mesenchymal stem cel s labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine were injected into the original injured site in the transplantation group and combination group, which were isolated and purified with the fast adherence method;while alpha-minimum essential medium was injected into the electromagnetic field group and control group for instead. At 24 hours post-operation, the electromagnetic field group and combination group were explored to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (frequency 50 Hz, magnetic indaction intensity 5 mT) for 60 minutes per day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After cel transplantation for 21 days, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores in the combination group was higher than the other groups (P<0.05). 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine positive cel s grew wel , and integrated into the normal spine;syringomyelia was reduced, and the number of spinal neural cel s was increased in the combination group. In addition, glial fibril ary acidic protein expression was decreased in the combination group, while matrix metal oproteinase 2 expression was increased. It indicates that low-frequency electromagnetic fields could promote recovery of motor function in the spinal cord injury rats transplanted with bone mesenchymal stem cel s, which could be associated that low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate the survival of transplanted bone mesenchymal stem cel s, up-regulate the expression of matrix metal oproteinase 2, and reduce glial scar formation in the spinal cord injured site.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of dual-source CT angiography (DSCTA) for intracranial aneurysms.Methods The data of DSCTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were collected from 95 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).The efficacies of detection and description of morphologic features of intracranial aneurysms were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 117 aneurysms in 88 patients were detected with DSCTA.Two patients were suspected of having aneurysms,and no aneurysrms were detected in 5 patients.These patients were reexamined with DSA,4 were diagnosed as having aneurysm,and the aneurysms were not detected in 3 patients.DSA results were considered as gold standard,the specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of DSCTA for the detection of intracranial aneurysms were 100％,96.7％and 96.8％,respectively.The larger volume of intracranial aneurysm was,the higher the sensitivity of DSCTA diagnosis would be.Even for small aneurysms,the sensitivity of DSCTA diagnose was more than 90％.In addition,tmeasurement results of the maximum diameter and neck width of aneurysms measured by DSCTA were almost consistent with DSA.Condclusions SCTA is a non-invasive,quick,reliable,and effective method,and can provide accurate imaging information for surgery.The specificity and sensitivity of the diagnosis of aneurysms with DSCTA are almost the same with DSA.It has more advantages than DSA in the emergency operation of intracranial aneurysms.

Aim To study the vasodilation of MS23,a brand new phosphodiesteras inhibitor,on contractions induced by various stimuli in rings of arteries isolated from rat different organs.Method Tension of aortic and microvessel rings were recorded isometrically by PowerLab and DMT system respectively.Results MS23 concentration-dependently shifted the noradrenaline(NA)-induced concentration-contraction curves rightward in a non-parallel manner with the maximal contraction depressed by 74.7%.MS23 and aminophylline(Ami) produced concentration-dependent relaxation on KCl or NA-induced precontraction.Endothelium deprivation and NO synthesis inhibition induced by L-NAME failed to affect the relaxation.MS23 and Ami relaxed KCl-induced precontraction of rat coronary,middle cerebral,renal and mesenteric arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner,and showed no organ preference in this respect.Conclusion MS23 antagonizes and relaxes contractions induced by various stimuli in the rings of arteries isolated from different organs of rat without marked preference among the organ origin of artery and stimuli.The vasorelaxation induced by MS23 is related neither to endothelium nor to nitric oxide synthesis.

BACKGROUND:The repair and management of ful-thickness skin defects resulting from burns and chronic wounds remain a significant unmet clinical chal enge. Using epidermal stem cel s and keratinocyte growth factor for ful-thickness wound repair is a promising approach. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields which are a non-invasive physical stimulation therapy have been recognized as a good method to enhance wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To develop a new strategy to accelerate wound healing by transplanting transfected epidermal stem cel s and keratinocyte growth factor and treating with low-frequency electromagnetic fields in a mouse model. METHODS:Epidermal stem cel s from Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were isolated and cultured in vitro, then the cel s were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and transfected by Ad-KGF, a recombinant adenovirus carrying the keratinocyte growth factor. Mice were given to create ful thickness skin wound on the dorsum and randomly assigned to four groups:control group, transplantation of epidermal stem cel s group, transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s group, and transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The best healing pattern was observed in the keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group (P<0.05) at days 9 and 16. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeled cel s existed in the wound in the treated groups at day 9. A significantly increased expression of endogenous keratinocyte growth factor was detected in the transplantation of Keratinocyte Growth Factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s group, and transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group at day 16. A wel-advanced epithelialization was observed in transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group at days 16 and 30. These results suggest that low-frequency electromagnetic fields enhanced wound healing fol owing the transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s.

Objective To detect the expressions of endocan,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and their significances in pituitary tumor tissues.Methods (1) Eighty pituitary tumor specimens,collected during surgical resection and after pathological examination confirmation in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2014,were used in our experiment;40 of them were from patients with pituitary adenomas apoplexy and 40 of them were without apoplexy;the expressions ofendocan,VEGF and MMP-9 in these pituitary tumor tissues were detect by immunohistochemical methods.(2) Twenty patients with pituitary tumor,performed surgical resection and pathological examination confirmation in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2015,chosen,and their tumor specimens were used in our experiment;10 of them were from patients with pituitary adenomas apoplexy and 10 of them were without apoplexy;the endocan mRNA expression in these pituitary tumor tissues were detect by reverse translation-PCR (RT-PCR).Results (1) Thirty-one,33 and 30 specimens in apoplexy group had positive expressions of endocan,VEGF and VEGF;24,26 and 20 specimens in non-apoplexy group had positive expressions of endocan,VEGF and VEGF;as compared with those in the non-apoplexy group,the immunorective scale (IRS) scores of protein expressions of endocan,VEGF and VEGF in apoplexy group were significantly higher (P＜0.05);endocan and VEGF protein expressions were positively correlated (r=0.555,P=0.000);endocan and MMP-9 protein expressions were positively correlated (r=0.423,P=0.006);VEGF and MMP-9 protein expressions were positively correlated (r=0.621,P=0.000).(2) The endocan mRNA expression in apoplexy group was significantly higher than that in non-apoplexy group ([17.53 ±8.95] × 10-3 vs.[4.67±3.03]×10-3,P＜0.05).Conclusion Endocan,VEGF and MMP-9 proteins may play important roles in the process of pituitary adenoma apoplexy.