OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for promoting and strengthening pharmaceutical services by retail pharmacies in rural area in Yongzhou of Hunan. METHODS:Investigation was conducted on 13 aspects including the service concept,service mode,service process,service contents,hardwares and softwares and professional quality of practitioners of 357 retail pharmacies in rural area in Yongzhou of Hunan to know about current pharmaceutical services. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In this area, 78.9% of pharmacies operated in the name of a licensed pharmacist or pharmacist who did not work in that pharmacy;only 53.3%of practitioners were pharmacy graduates;the proportion of the practitioners who takes part in training every year was less than 30.0%,average training time was not more than 8 hours;65.3% of practitioners in the pharmacies were not aware of the concept of pharmaceutical services;the pharmacies which were not equipped with basic hardwares and softwares for pharmaceutical servic-es accounted for 47.0%,those which had not established a pharmaceutical service management process accounted for 87.4%;and less than 10.0% of retail pharmacies provided door-to-door pharmaceutical services. Safe,effective and rational drug use should be achieved by intensifying the management and training for retail pharmacy practitioners,standardizing the contents of pharmaceutical services,establishing standard pharmaceutical service process,defining basic hardwares and softwares for pharmaceutical services, strengthening performance appraisal and evaluation for pharmaceutical services and urging the pharmacy to serve society.

Since the publication of a high-throughput DNA sequencing technology based on PCR reaction was carried out in oil emulsions in 2005, high-throughput DNA sequencing platforms have been evolved to a robust technology in sequencing genomes and diverse DNA libraries. Antibody libraries with vast numbers of members currently serve as a foundation of discovering novel antibody drugs, and high-throughput DNA sequencing technology makes it possible to rapidly identify functional antibody variants with desired properties. Herein we present a review of current applications of high-throughput DNA sequencing technology in the analysis of antibody library diversity, sequencing of CDR3 regions, identification of potent antibodies based on sequence frequency, discovery of functional genes, and combination with various display technologies, so as to provide an alternative approach of discovery and development of antibody drugs.

Objective To study the relationship of plasma endotoxin (ET) level and renal function damage in patients with obstructive jaundice(OJ). Method The level of plasma ET、creatinine (Cr) or blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr ) were determined before and after operation in 30 patients with OJ(OJ group), and 21 cases of chronic cholelithiasis without jaundice (control group). Results The plasma ET level of peripheral blood was increased more significantly (P

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of Mal gene down regulated in human esophageal cancer. Methods We amplified the 5′regulatory region of Mal gene in normal placenta tissue and human esophageal cancer cell lines EC9706、EC8712、EC109 by optimization the PCR methods, cloned and sequenced the PCR products and compare the sequence. Results Human esophageal cancer cell lines EC9706、EC8712、EC109 all have the 654 th of 5′regulatory region of Mal gene T to C changes, corresponding codon changed from TCC to CCC, and the amino acid which it codes changed from serine to proline; EC9706 also has the 657 th of 5′regulatory region of Mal gene T to C changes, corresponding codon changed from TGC to CGC, the amino acid which it codes changed from cysteine to arginine; EC8712 has the 139 th of 5′regulatory region of Mal gene A to G changed, corresponding codon changed from GGA to GGG, the amino acid which it codes remains glycine. Conclusion Our results suggested there are may point mutation in 5′ region of Mal gene in human esophageal cancer.

Objective To study the status of cystatin B gene expression in human esophageal cancer. Methods Expression of cystatin B gene was detected by RT PCR in 41 pairs of human esophageal cancer tissues, matched adjacent normal mucosa, human esophageal cancer cell line EC9706 and human lung cancer cell line GLC82. Results cystatin B gene expression was down regulated in 82.9% (34/41) of human esophageal cancer tissues while expressed at high level in all matched adjacent normal esophageal mucosa, and was significantly corelated to lymph node metastasis ( P

Objective To compare the curative effects of extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair and tradi-tional hernia repair in the treatment of inguinal hernia.Methods The clinical data of 200 inguinal hernia patients in our hospital from October 2013 to Novermber 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into traditional hernia repair group (100 cases)and laparoscopic hernia repair group (100 cases)according to different surgical treatment.The operation time,bed activity time and hospital stay of the two groups were detected.The uroschesis, hydrocele,incidence of postoperative pain and recurrence rate of the two groups were detected.Results The opera-tion time between the two groups had no significant difference(t =1.74,P >0.05).The bed activity time[(2.6 ± 1.6)h]and hospital stay[(5.7 ±2.1 )d]of the laparoscopic hernia repair group were better than the traditional hernia repair group[(9.1 ±3.3)h,(7.4 ±2.3)d,t =17.72,5.46,all P <0.05].The uroschesis 3.0%,hydrocele 0,incidence of postoperative pain 10.0% and recurrence rate 0 of the laparoscopic hernia repair group were lower than the traditional hernia repair group(21.0%,15.0%,50.0%,12.0%,χ2 =15.17,15.34,39.11,11.69,all P <0.05).Conclusion The recovery is fast in inguinal hernia patients treatment by extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair,complication is little,which is worthy of application.

0.05) while the level was significantly higher in the former 4 groups than in the control (P

Objective To observe the change of perioperati ve endotoxin (ET) level and renal function in obstructive jaundice (OJ) patient and the effect of sodium cholate,lactulose, and anisodamine.Methods Forty-eight OJ patients were randomly divided in to control group(n=15), sodium cholate treatment group(n=11), lactul ose treatment group (n=10) and a anisodamine treatment group(n=12), 21 patients with cholecystolithiasis served as non-jaundiced control group. The levels of plasma ET and endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were determi ned in all the cases.Results Compar ed with non-jaundiced control group, plasma ET level increased significantly an d Ccr significantly decreased in OJ group (P

Objective　To investigate the role of suramin in inhibiting the angiogenesis of lung cancer. Methods　The protei n expression of VEGF and its receptor fms-like tyrosine kinase(Flt), kinase ins ert domain-containing receptor(KDR) in lung cancer cell A549 and ECV-304 was studied with immunohistochemical technique. The anti-angiogenesis effect of su ramin was evaluated with immunohistochemical technique and cell culture. Results　Suramin showed no effect on the production of lung cancer cel ls and their secretion of VEGF. No possitive expression of Flt, KDR in A549 was found in the suramin interfered group and non-interfered group, but VEGF w as e xpressed in both groups. The Flt and KDR expressions in ECV-304 cells were decr eased significantly after the treatment of suramin at 0.25 ng/ml and 2.5 ng/ml r espectively. There was no effect on proliferetion of A549 and ECV-304 after sur amin in terference. Conclusion　The mechanism of inhibiting-angiogenes is of suramin is pro bably due to reducing the VEGF receptor expression in vascular endothelial cells and inhibiting the binding of VEGF and its receptors.

Objective To investigate the role of Kit signal pathway in the proliferation and spontaneous rhythmic motility of interstitial cells(ICs)in the bladder of guinea pigs.Methods Fourteen Guinea pigs aged 45-60 days were administered with Imatinib intragastrically for 20 and 40 days.Three were fed on normal saline as control.The morph and number of ICs were observed by immunofluorescence,Kit protein expression was detected by Western blot and spontaneous rhythmic motility of bladder were investigated in in vitro organ bath.Results Quite a few ICs were observed in the bladder of controls.After administration of Imatinib,the amount of ICs and the expression of Kit protein decreased gradually,and the spontaneous rhythmic contraction weakened.Conclusion ICs might be the pacemaker of bladder in guinea pigs.Kit protein might play an important role in the survival and functional maintenance of ICs.