Traditional Tibetan medicine nature theory was the core of Tibetan medicine. This study was aimed to understand the scientific values of Tibetan medicine correctly and catch its unique advantages accurately. The history origin, nature and taste, target, effect, the relationship between diseases and Tibetan medicine and other aspects of traditional Tibetan medicine nature theory were discussed in this paper. Several points were put forward, which included the research of Tibetan medicine nature theory was the premise to maintain and develop Tibetan medicine; it was necessary to carry out literature research, definite and improve the nature theory; the data mining technology and systems biology should be applied to the theory research to elucidate the rules and scientific connotation of Tibetan medicine nature; building the model of experimental study with clinical research to determine its clinical values forward during the development of Tibetan medicine nature theory research.

Meridians in human body were classified as white meridian and black meridian according to Tibetan medicine.Season and environment,improper diet,toxic heat and trauma were recognized as main reasons damaging the white meridian in Tibetan Medicine,leading to the emerge of white meridian disease induced by Long (one of the three factors) and blood disorder.White meridian disease in Tibetan medicine involved a series diseases,such as many clinical diseases,due to the damage of white meridian system caused by pathogenic factors.Stroke also belonged to white meridian disease.Drugs and treatments were selected based on the nature of disease such as cold and heat,onset,thelocation of disease and the three factors (Chi Ba,Long and Pei Gen).It was the fundamental principle of the treatment rules of white meridian disease in Tibetan medicine,namely,prescribing medication with the rule of diagnosis and treatment,comprehensive analysis of the causes of diseases and mastering the change law of diseases and syndromes in clinic.

Objective:To understand the current situation of physicians′ innovative behavior and its influencing factors in Beijing municipal hospitals, for reference in improving their innovation ability and encouraging high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods:A stratified sampling was conducted with 22 practicing (assistant) physicians in Beijing municipal hospitals as subjects. From October to November 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the innovative behavior, innovative self-efficacy and innovative atmosphere of such practicing (assistant) physicians. SPSS 25.0 was used for descriptive analysis of the data, while t-test, variance analysis and linear regression were used for univariate analysis. Furthermore, multiple linear regression was adopted to explore the influencing factors of innovative behavior of such practicing(assistant) physicians. Results:A total of 2 178 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 1 906 valid ones were recovered, with effective recovery of 87.51%. Scores of innovative behavior, innovative self-efficacy and innovative atmosphere of 1 906 practicing (assistant) physicians scored (4.00±0.70) points, (3.85±0.74) points and (3.98±0.66) points respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed scores of statistical significance regarding the innovative behavior of practicing (assistant) physicians with different marital status, educational background, professional title, position, department type, innovative self-efficacy level and innovative atmosphere level. Multiple linear regression results showed that position, innovation self-efficacy score, innovation atmosphere score and subordinates′ incentive mechanism, as well as teamwork and resource security had statistical significance on innovation behavior score.Conclusions:The practicing (assistant) physicians in Beijing municipal hospitals are highly enthusiastic for innovation, but their innovative behavior is expected to be upgraded. In this regard, public hospitals should improve their innovation incentive mechanism, strengthen resource assurance, encourage cooperation and exchange, and create a desirable atmosphere for innovation. Furthermore, greater supply of continuing education resources is expected, supporting these physicians in their further study, advanced education, and promotion of professional titles.

Objective To propose a CT truncated data reconstruction model(DDTrans)based on projection and image dual-domain Transformer coupled feature learning for reducing truncation artifacts and image structure distortion caused by insufficient field of view(FOV)in CT scanning.Methods Transformer was adopted to build projection domain and image domain restoration models,and the long-range dependency modeling capability of the Transformer attention module was used to capture global structural features to restore the projection data information and enhance the reconstructed images.We constructed a differentiable Radon back-projection operator layer between the projection domain and image domain networks to enable end-to-end training of DDTrans.Projection consistency loss was introduced to constrain the image forward-projection results to further improve the accuracy of image reconstruction.Results The experimental results with Mayo simulation data showed that for both partial truncation and interior scanning data,the proposed DDTrans method showed better performance than the comparison algorithms in removing truncation artifacts at the edges and restoring the external information of the FOV.Conclusion The DDTrans method can effectively remove CT truncation artifacts to ensure accurate reconstruction of the data within the FOV and achieve approximate reconstruction of data outside the FOV.

Objective To propose a CT truncated data reconstruction model(DDTrans)based on projection and image dual-domain Transformer coupled feature learning for reducing truncation artifacts and image structure distortion caused by insufficient field of view(FOV)in CT scanning.Methods Transformer was adopted to build projection domain and image domain restoration models,and the long-range dependency modeling capability of the Transformer attention module was used to capture global structural features to restore the projection data information and enhance the reconstructed images.We constructed a differentiable Radon back-projection operator layer between the projection domain and image domain networks to enable end-to-end training of DDTrans.Projection consistency loss was introduced to constrain the image forward-projection results to further improve the accuracy of image reconstruction.Results The experimental results with Mayo simulation data showed that for both partial truncation and interior scanning data,the proposed DDTrans method showed better performance than the comparison algorithms in removing truncation artifacts at the edges and restoring the external information of the FOV.Conclusion The DDTrans method can effectively remove CT truncation artifacts to ensure accurate reconstruction of the data within the FOV and achieve approximate reconstruction of data outside the FOV.

Objective To determine the occurrence and clinical characteristics of ectopic pituitary adenoma (EPA) in China.Methods The study are done by searching systematically and comprehensively on major Chinese and English medical literature databases and conference papers before 2015,which are only limited to collected,summarized,sorted and analyzed EPA cases that reported by Chinese authors in English or Chinese occurred in China.Results ① Among the 86 Chinese articles and 27 English articles related to ectopic pituitary adenoma (EPA) gathered by the author,except for cases that have been confirmed as repeated reports,a total of 73 EPA cases were found.Of 70 cases with complete data,31 were male cases,accounting for 44.29％;39 were female cases,accounting for 55.71％;the ratio is 1:1.3.The frequency of EPA occurrence according to the location of the lesion,from high to low in turn,was sphenoid sinus (31 cases,42.47％),nasopharynx (7 cases,9.59％),suprasellar region (7 cases,9.59％),clivus (5 cases,6.85％),followed by the third ventricle,sphenoid sinus/clivus,nasal cavity,and the temporal lobe of the brain,with the same incidence of 4.11％.According to the functional properties of EPA,the frequency of different secreting hormones adenoma was PRL-ma(21 cases,28.77％),NF-ma (21 cases,28.77％),ACTH-ma (15 cases,20.55％),GH-ma (10 cases,13.70％),TSH-ma (2 cases,2.74％) and FSH-ma (1 cases.1.37％).Three cases of EPA were uncertain in their property due to lack of information.The incidence of PRL and nonfunctional tumors was the highest,which was different from what was reported in other countries.Among them,one case of EPA was in pineal region and one in parapharyngeal space,which was even more rare and were never reported abroad.(② Except for 3 cases with incomplete medical records,15 out of 70 cases of EPA were accompanied by empty sella,accounting for 21.43％,among which 11 (73.33％) cases involved the sphenoid sinus,and 3 (20％) cases involved clivus.The sphenoid sinus and clivus cases together accounted for 93.33％.(③ 29 out of the 69 cases of EPA with complete record were invasive pituitary adenomas,accounting for 42.03％ and including 1 case of pituitary adenocarcinoma,which accounted for 1.45％.(④ All cases were treated with surgery as the first choice,and some of them were treated with radiotherapy or drug therapy.Conc lusion Ectopic pituitary adenoma is extremely rare.By the end of 2015,the total number of cases reported in China is only 73,which are mostly located in the sphenoid sinus,suprasellar region and nasopharynx.In the functional classification,the most common types are still PRL adenoma and nonfunctional adenoma as in situ pituitary adenoma.42.03％ of EPA adenomas are invasive.Surgical resection of EPA is the first choice and some cases can be treated with radiotherapy and drug therapy.

Objective:To isolate a potassium ion channel Kv4.1 inhibitor from centipede venom,and to determine its sequence and structure.Methods:Ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were performed to separate and purify peptide components of centipede venom,and their inhibiting effect on Kv4.1 channel was determined by whole-cell patch clamp recording.The molecular weight of isolated peptide Kv4.1 channel inhibitor was identified with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry;its primary sequence was determined by Edman degradation sequencing and two-dimensional mass spectrometry;its structure was established based on iterative thread assembly refinement online analysis.Results:A peptide SsTx-P2 was separated from centipede venom with the molecular weight of 6122.8,and its primary sequence consists of 53 amino acid residues NH2-ELTWDFVRTCCKLFPDKSECTKACATEFTGGDESRLKDVWPRKLRSG DSRLKD-OH.Peptide SsTx-P2 potently inhibited the current of Kv4.1 channel transiently transfected in HEK293 cell,with 1.0 μmol/L SsTx-P2 suppressing 95%current of Kv4.1 channel.Its structure showed that SsTx-P2 shared a conserved helical structure.Conclusion:The study has isolated a novel peptide SsTx-P2 from centipede venom,which can potently inhibit the potassium ion channel Kv4.1 and displays structural conservation.

Objective:To isolate a potassium ion channel Kv4.1 inhibitor from centipede venom,and to determine its sequence and structure.Methods:Ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were performed to separate and purify peptide components of centipede venom,and their inhibiting effect on Kv4.1 channel was determined by whole-cell patch clamp recording.The molecular weight of isolated peptide Kv4.1 channel inhibitor was identified with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry;its primary sequence was determined by Edman degradation sequencing and two-dimensional mass spectrometry;its structure was established based on iterative thread assembly refinement online analysis.Results:A peptide SsTx-P2 was separated from centipede venom with the molecular weight of 6122.8,and its primary sequence consists of 53 amino acid residues NH2-ELTWDFVRTCCKLFPDKSECTKACATEFTGGDESRLKDVWPRKLRSG DSRLKD-OH.Peptide SsTx-P2 potently inhibited the current of Kv4.1 channel transiently transfected in HEK293 cell,with 1.0 μmol/L SsTx-P2 suppressing 95%current of Kv4.1 channel.Its structure showed that SsTx-P2 shared a conserved helical structure.Conclusion:The study has isolated a novel peptide SsTx-P2 from centipede venom,which can potently inhibit the potassium ion channel Kv4.1 and displays structural conservation.

Objective:To isolate a potassium ion channel Kv4.1 inhibitor from centipede venom,and to determine its sequence and structure.Methods:Ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were performed to separate and purify peptide components of centipede venom,and their inhibiting effect on Kv4.1 channel was determined by whole-cell patch clamp recording.The molecular weight of isolated peptide Kv4.1 channel inhibitor was identified with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry;its primary sequence was determined by Edman degradation sequencing and two-dimensional mass spectrometry;its structure was established based on iterative thread assembly refinement online analysis.Results:A peptide SsTx-P2 was separated from centipede venom with the molecular weight of 6122.8,and its primary sequence consists of 53 amino acid residues NH2-ELTWDFVRTCCKLFPDKSECTKACATEFTGGDESRLKDVWPRKLRSG DSRLKD-OH.Peptide SsTx-P2 potently inhibited the current of Kv4.1 channel transiently transfected in HEK293 cell,with 1.0 μmol/L SsTx-P2 suppressing 95%current of Kv4.1 channel.Its structure showed that SsTx-P2 shared a conserved helical structure.Conclusion:The study has isolated a novel peptide SsTx-P2 from centipede venom,which can potently inhibit the potassium ion channel Kv4.1 and displays structural conservation.