Objective To prepare the composite of Polycaprolactone(PCL) and Bone powder(BP) for bone repairing,and evaluate the biocompatibility of the material.Methods The materials were prepared in college of chemical engineering and materials science,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and the animal tests were fulfilled in Animal Experimental Center of the Second Military Medical University of PLA from June 2010 to March 2011.The PCL and BP were blended together to get the copolymer by haake ( Rheocord 900 ) torque rheometer.Then the extracts of the material in DMEM for 24 hours were obtained.Firstly biological safety detection of the materials was performed:①cytotoxicity test:the extracts were mixed with DMEM to seed rabbit osteoblasts for 24 hours.The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The cell proliferation rate and toxicity grate were also calculated ( cytotoxicity of grade 0 or 1 was qualified).②hemolysis test:the extracts were mixed with fresh rabbit blood,hemolysis rate were calculated ( hemolysis mte less than 5％ was qualified).③pyrogenic test:the extracts were injected into the rabbit ear vein with the dose of 10 ml/kg.The anus temperature was measured per hour for three times.The elevator degree was calculated by subtracting the natural temperature from the highest one.Secondly,cellular adhesion test of the material composite was performed.The composite was casted on the cover glasses.The samples were put in 6-well tissue culture plates,totally 6 × 104 osteoblasts were seeded each well and cultured for 3 days.The cells were observed at 24 and 72 hours of culture,and photography was performed using inverted phase contrast microscope.④general toxioity test:the extracts were injected into mouse vein with the dose of 50 ml/kg.The toxic symptoms were observed within 72 hours.Results The novel copolymer of PCL/BP was prepared.①Biological safety:the cell viability of the composite was 87.8％ and cytotoxicity was grade 1.The hemolysis rate was 2.4％,less than 5％.The maximal variety of body temperature in rabbits were 0.4℃,which accorded with the national standard ( ＜0.6℃ ).The general toxicity test showed that there were no adverse effects in the animals,such as death,convulsion,paralysis,respiratory depression,diarrhea and decreasing weight.②Cell adhesion:adhesive cells manifold obviously and assembled 24 hours later,inosculated gradually 3 days later,and the cells were in good fettle.Conclusion The composite of PCL/BP accords with cytotoxicity demand of the biological materials,presenting no toxicity,pyrogenicity or hemolysis.It possesses good biocompatibility and cellular adhesion.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hypoglycemia and brain injury of newborns.Methods Medical records and follow-up data of 110 newborns with hypoglycemia (blood glucose level≤2.2 mmol/L) who admitted into neonatal department of Peking University First Hospital from December 2006 to December 2009 were studied.All patients were divided into 3 groups:no brain injury group,mild and severe brain injury group according to their clinical manifestation,cerebral radiological characteristics and cerebral functional tests.By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and x2 test,the potential optimal blood glucose level and duration of hypoglycemia for predicting brain injury were confirmed.Multivariate Logistic regression was taken to determine independent predictors for brain injury.The analyzed factors included gender,preterm/small for gestational age,hyperbillirubinemia,fetal distress,asphyxia,infection,seizures and maternal hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and hyperglycemia.Results Among the 110 hypoglycemia newborns,33 (30.0％) infants suffered from brain injury,of which 23 were mild and 10 were severe.Blood glucose ≤1.7 mmol/L had high specificity (73％) and sensitivity (60％)for predicting brain injury.When blood glucose≤ 1.7 mmol/L,the incidence of brain injury and severe brain injury was 43.6％ (24/55) and 18.2％ (10/55),which was higher than those [16.4％(9/55) and 0.0％ (0/55)] of patients whose glucose level ＞1.7 mmol/L(x2 =9.74 and 11.00,P＜0.01 respectively).Blood glucose ≤ 1.2 mmol/L had high specificity (100％) and sensitivity (81％) for predicting severe brain injury.When blood glucose ≤1.2 mmol/L,the incidence of severe brain injury was higher than that of the patients whose glucose level was higher than 1.2 mmol/L [34.5％ (10/29) vs 0.0％ (0/81),x2 =30.72,P＜0.01].Duration of hypoglycemia ≥12 h had specificity (100％) and sensitivity (36 ％) for predicting brain injury.When duration of hypoglycemia ＜12 h,the incidence of brain injury was lower than that of the patients whose duration of hypoglycemia≥12 h [21.4％ (21/98) vs 6/6,x2 =27.69,P＜0.01].Multivariate Logistic regression showed that fetal distress (OR=4.69,95％CI:1.47-14.97,P=0.009),glucose level≤1.2 mmol/L (OR =5.16,95％CI:1.56-17.03,P=0.007),duration of hypoglycemia≥12 h (OR=8 885 220 297.12,95％CI:0.00-∞,P =0.000) and maternal hyperglycemia (OR =3.34,95％CI:1.01-11.02,P=0.048) were independent risk factors for neonatal brain injury.Conclusions Low blood glucose level and prolonged hypoglycemia might induce injury of neurol system.Fetal distress and maternal hyperglycemia might increase the incidence of brain injury in newborns with hypoglycemia.

Objective To study the relationship between Xsp Ⅰ restriction fregment length polymorphism (RFLP) in exon 4 of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene and hypercholesterolemia. Methods PCR-RFLP method was applied to determine the polymorphism of LDLR gene in 446 cases of hypercholesterolemia, 284 of borderline hypercholesterolemia and 187 normal control subjects. Results Three genotypes, X+X+, X+X- and X-X-, were found in the population. (1) The frequencies of the X+X+ genotype and X+ allele in the group with hypercholesterolemia were higher than those of the other 2 groups (P<0.05). (2) From X-X- to X+X+ genotype, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased gradually, while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased (all P < 0.05). (3) With logistic regression analysis, LDLR genotype was associated with hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion Polymorphism in Xsp I restriction site at the exon 4 of LDLR (X+ X+ genotype and X+ allele) may be a risk factor of hypercholesterolemia in Chinese population.

Objective To analyze the effects of fertilization methods and sperm sources in intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on the developmental capacity of surplus embryos .Methods A retrospective study was carried out to compare the blasto‐cyst rate of the surplus embryos from 2 697 patients .According to the fertilization methods ,the embryos were divided into IVF group and ICSI group .According to sperm sources ,the ICSI group was divided into ejaculated group and testicular sperm group . The rates of blastocyst formation and good quality blastocysts were compared between different fertilization methods and sperm sources .Results There were 8 426 embryo developed in 2 697 patients .The blastocyst formation rate of surplus embryos was high‐er in the IVF group(n=1 048 ,53 .18% ) than that in the ICSI group(n=1 378 ,49 .27% ) ,but with no statistically significant differ‐ent(P> 0 .05) .The rates of blastocyst were not statistically significant different between the IVF group and in the rescue ICSI group(P>0 .05) .The rates of blastocyst were not statistically significant different between the ejaculated group and the testicular sperm group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion There were not statistically significant different of the rate of blastocyst between different fer‐tilization methods and sperm sources in ICSI .

Objective To detect the significance of the SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes methylation status in the genesis and development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods The methylation state of SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes CpG islands were measured by methylation-specific polymerase chain (MSP) reaction.Results The positive rates of aberrant methylation for SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes in 50 specimens of DLBCL were 96 ％ (48/50),52 ％ (26/50) and 56 ％ (28/50) respectively.In control group,however,15 specimens of benign lymph node proliferation showed no methylation in CpG island of SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes promoter.Conclusion Aberrant methylations of the SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes exist in the patients with DLBCL.The methylations of SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes may be associated with the occurrence and development of DLBCL.This study provides a theoretical basis of treatment methylation for DLBCL.

Twenty healthy subjects in each of 3 groups were fed with monounsaturated fatty-acid diet,polyunsaturated fatty-acid diet, or saturated fatty-acid diet separately for 3 days. It suggested that monounsaturated fatty-acids may ameliorate the oxidative stress and improve insulin sensitivity.

Objectives To assess the performance of first trimester ultrasound screening for fetal structural and chromosomal anomalies based on a detailed anomaly and nuchal translucency (NT) scan at 11-13+6 weeks' gestation.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.Fetuses with a crown-rump length (CRL) between 45 mm and 84 mm scanned during December 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled in this study.After a detailed first-trimester anomaly scan followed the protocol of systematic standardized scan plans,fetuses with congenital abnormalities were screened out.Second trimester ultrasound screening and postnatal examination were performed for further examination of fetal anomalies.Cytogenetic analysis was performed on the fetuses with informed consent.Results (1) A total of 1 154 fetuses were enrolled in this study and among them,36 (3.1％) cases of fetal abnormalities were diagnosed through prenatal examination (35 cases) and postnatal examination (one case).(2) Twenty-one (58.3％) out of the 36 cases with structural and chromosomal anomalies were screened out by using the first-trimester scan,including eight cases of congenital cardiac defect (two cases of atrioventricular septal defect,one case of tricuspid atresia,one case of tetralogy of tetralogy,one case of right ventricle aneurysms and one cases of hypoplastic left heart syndrome combined with cystic hygroma with one case combined with polydactyly),four cases of central nervous system anomaly (three cases of exencephaly and one case of anencephaly combined with double outlet right ventricle),two cases of cleft palate/lip with one case combined with double outlet right ventricle,two cases of exomphalos,one case of amniotic band syndrome,one case of spinal bifida combined with megacystis,one case of umbilical cyst,one case of polydactyly and one case of cystic hygroma.One case of twin pregnancy chose selective fetocide to the fetus with exencephaly and 16 cases terminated pregnancy.The other four cases were confirmed by second trimester ultrasound screening and postnatal examination.Fourteen (38.9％,14/36) new cases of structural and chromosomal anomalies were detected by the second-trimester scan,six of which terminated the pregnancies and the rest were confirmed at term.One (2.8％,1/36) case of polydactyly was detected postnatally.(3) Chromosomal microarray analysis was performed on 28 cases,seven of which were identified as having chromosomal abnormalities including five cases detected in the first trimester and two cases detected in the second trimester.(4) Out of the 20 fetuses with abnormal NT in early trimester,which accounted for 1.7％ of all enrolled fetuses,nine were indentified with major structural or chromosomal abnormalies,a quarter of all abnormal fetus.Conclusions Detailed anomaly scan and NT scan in the first-trimester can increase the detection rate of fetal structural and chromosomal anomalies as compared with the traditional NT scan and provide earlier detection of severe fetal abnormalities as compared with second trimester anomaly scan.

Objective To analyze the MR manifestations of the focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)in liver and observe the MRI changes after 30-36 months.Methods 12 (14 lesions)of the 13 patients (1 5 lesions)were firstly diagnosed as FNH by MRI with plain scan and dynamic Gd-DTPA enhancement,and then were confirmed by the follow-up survey with similar MRI after 30 - 36 months.The last one patient was also scanned with Gd-EOB-DTPA enhancement but with similar plain scans.The size,signal,en-hancement patterns of the lesions were analyzed and compared with those in the follow-up survey.Results Typical MR manifesta-tions were found in 93.33%(14/1 5)of the lesions with hypo-or iso-intensity on T1 WI,hyper-or iso-intensity on T2 WI,marked en-hancement in arterial phase and attenuation but still equal to or higher than normal liver parenchyma in portal and delayed phases af-ter Gd-DTPA administration.In addition,the central scar showed hypointensity on T1 WI,hyperintensity on T2 WI,and enhance-ment in delayed phase.The enhanced small vessels inside lesions and the pesudocapsule enhancement could be seen in delayed phase. The only one lesion with Gd-EOB-DTPA enhancement showed marked enhancement in arterial and portal phases,and slight hyperin-tensity in hepatocellular phase with hypo-intense central scar in any phases.As for the only one lesion with atypical manifestation,it showed isointensity on T1 WI,slightly hyperintensity on T2 WI,nonenhancement in arterial phase,slightly enhancement in portal phase,and small vascular enhancement inside the lesion in delayed phase.After the follow-up survey of 30-36 months 92.86%(13/14)lesions did not change,however one lesion (10mm)disappeared.Conclusion Typical FNH shows similar MRI characteristics, iso-intense or slightly hypo-intense signal on T1 WI,iso-intense or slightly hyper-intense signal on T2 WI,marked enhancement in ar-terial phase,the central scar enhancement and the inside small vascular enhancement of lesions in delayed phase.It is valuable in dif-ferential diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo quantitative evaluate the alterations of cardiac morphology and function in gestational impaired glucose tolerance(GIGT) fetuses.MethodsFetal echocardiograms were performed on 68 GIGT fetuses with gestation age between 21 ～ 40 weeks for evaluation of cardiac morphology and function.Fetal cardiac morphology,systolic and diastolic functions of 68 GIGT fetuses were compared with 81 control group fetuses using conventional two-dimensional,M-mode,pulsed Doppler echocardiography and myocardial tissue Doppler imaging.ResultsComprehensive fetal echocardiography data analysis showed no significant differences in cardiac morphology and function between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions The alterations of cardiac morphology and function in GIGT fetuses can be accurately and objectively evaluated using quantitative evaluation in fetal echocardiography and will help to offer consultation.

Objective Folate receptors ( FRs) , overexpressed on the surface of a variety of tumor cells , are potential targets for tumor targeting therapy .This study aimed to prepare an FR-mediated drug nanocarrier with folate conjugated pullulan acetate ( FPA) to target chemotherapeutic agents to FR-overexpressed tumor cells and investigate its tumor-suppressing effect in vitro. Methods The cytotoxicity of epirubicin-loaded FPA nanoparticles ( FPA/EPI NP) against HepG2 and Hela cells was evaluated by MTS assay.The HepG2 and Hela cells were divided into five groups to be treated with NPs (NP control), chlorpromazine, chloro-quine, amiloride, and folate, respectively, followed by detection of the fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry . Results FPA/EPI NP was successfully formulated into NPs , with the mean particle size of (268.5 ±12.0) nm, by dialysis with an almost spherical shape . The drug-loading rate and entrapment rate of FPA/EPI NP were (6.45 ±1.04) and (72.45 ±11.50) %, respectively.The survival rates of the HepG2 and Hela cells were both >95%after 24 hours of incubation with FPA NP at 5, 40, 200, 400 and 1000μg/mL and 90.0%after 72 hours.The survival rates of the HepG2 cells treated with 5, 40, 200, 400 and 1000μg/mL FPA/EPI NP for 24 hours were (92.3 ±5.2), (70.4 ±4.6), (50.0 ±4.0), (41.1 ±4.1) and (27.0 ±3.6) %, respectively.Compared with the NP control group, the Hela cells of the chlorpromazine , amiloride and folate groups showed a significantly lower rate of NP uptake (P<0.05), and so did the HepG2 cells pretreated with chlorpromazine or amilo-ride (P<0.05).At 72 hours, the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of FPA/EPI NP against HepG2 and Hela cells were 168 and 105μg/mL, respectively . Conclusion Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis are involved in the internaliza-tion of FPA/EPI NP in HepG2 cells, while clathrin-and FR-mediated endocytosis in that of Hela cells .FPA NP may serve as a new drug carrier for tumor-targeted therapy .