[Objective]To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tanreqing injection in the treatment of viral pneumonia.[Methods]CNKI database, VIP database and CBM database were searched by keywords, and the obtained references were screened for clinical trials on the introduction of Tanreqing in therapy of viral pneumonia. The clinical trial results of efficacy were meta-analyzed. [Results]7 clinical trials were included, involving 604 patients, the result of Chi-Square testing was 2.21(P=0.09, I2=0%), so a fixed effect model was chosen and the results showed that Tanreqing injection showed a better clinical thera-py than control group[odd ratio (OR):5.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): (2.89, 10.27), Z=5.25, P<0.00001]. No serious adverse effects were reported. [Conclusion]Tanreqing was more effective and safer in the treatment of viral pneumonia according to our results. However, higher quality clinical studies are needed as most trials included in this review are of lower quality.

Objective To analyse clinical features of 86 cases of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and explore strategies and methods of the microsurgical treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.Methods The clinical data of 86 intracranial arteriovenous malformation from January 2010 to January 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.For diagnosis,computed tomography (CT) with angiography (CTA),and DSA were used,which could provide real size,location,feeding arteries and draining veins of AVM,and apply NEPM to evaluate the nerve function,assess the qualitative and quantitative flow rate of AVM and surrounding blood vessels by Doppler ultrasonography and fluorescein angiography,and reveal opography of AVM.Operative techniques were used including embolization,feeding artery control.Results Eighty-six cases of AVM were resected successfully under mutitechnology.Following-up demonstrated excellent neurological outcomes in 70 cases,nine case had mild disability,five cases had severe disability,two dead cases.DSA shows resected completely,and long-term follow-up was still in progress,conclusion Multi-technology combined microsurgical techniques which can effective improve the outcomes of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

ObjectiveTo discuss the application of neurophysiological monitoring (NEPM), intraoperative color Doppler ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography and neuroendoscope in clinical effects of intracranial giant aneurysm microsurgey. MethodsTo retrospectively review the clinical data of 17 intracranial giant aneurysm. Pre-operative imaging were used, including 3D- CTA, MRI and DSA, to make dectection and delineation of the aneurysm.The NEPM to evaluate the nerve function,assess the qualitative and quantitative flow rate of aneurysm and surrounding blood vessels by Doppler ultrasonography and fluorescein angiography,and reveal opography of aneurysm,protect the considerable perf.vessels and nerves by neuroendoscope.Operative techniques were used including parent artery control,aneurysm neck forming,aneurysm decompression and resection,obliteration of aneurysm with multiple clips and vasospasm protection.Results Seventeen cases of giant aneurysms were clipped successfully under muti-technology, follow-up demonstrated excellent neurological outcomes in 15 cases, one case had mild disability, one case had severe disability, no dead cases. DSA showed clipping completely, parent artery clear, and long-term follow-up was still in progress.Conclusion Multi-technology combined microsurgical techniques which can effective improve the outcomes of intracranial giant aneurysms.

Objective To observethe efficacy of mice infected with Sparganum mansoni by using different dosages of praziquantel.Methods A total of 156 Kunming mice were divided into 2 batches.each of them wag orally infted with 5 spargana.Thirty-six mice in the first batch were equally divided into 6 groups.the mice in group 1-5 were inoculated with spargana cultured in different concentrations of praziquantel for 3 days,the group 6 served as a control.One hundred and twenty mice in the second batch were equally divided into 12 groups,each mouse was inoculated with spargana obtained from frogs or tadpoles,group 1-9 were treated by different desages of praziquantel 1 or5 weeks post infection.group 10-12 served as controls.All of the mice wore sacriftced and dissectedl or 2 weeks after the treatment.the mean number of worms recovered was cmculated and worm reduction rates were determined.Results The number of worm recovered from mice infected with spargana cultured in 10-40 μg/ml of praziquantel had no significant difference with that of the control(P>0.05).The worm reduction rate wag 16.60%while the spargana beins cultured in 50 μg/ml of praziquantel.The worm reduction rates of the mice that sacrificed 1 week or 2 weeks after being treated by the same dosage of praziquantel had no significant difference(P>0.05).When being treated with 200.400 or 800 mg/kg of praziquantel 1 week post infection,the number of worm recovered from mice infected with spargana from frogs had no significant difference with those of the control 1 and 2 weeks after the treatment(P>0.05).The worm reduction rates between the groups with the same dosage 1 week and 2 weeks post treatment had no significant difference(P>0.05).When being treated with 200 or 400 mg/kg of praziquantel 1 week post infection,the number of worm recovered from mice infected with spargana from tadpoles had no statistically difference with that of the control 1 week after treatment (P>0. 05). The worm reduction rate of mice was only 17.02% while being treated with 800 mg/kg of praziquantel. The worm reduction rates among groups with different dosages had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the mice infected with spargana from frogs treated with 1 200 or 1 800 mg/kg of praziquantel 5 weeks post infection, the difference between the numbers of worm recovered from mice 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment had no statistically significance (P > 0.05), but they were significantly higher than those of the controls (P<0.05 ). The worm reduction rates among the groups with the same dosage had no significant difference (P>0.05). ConclusionsPraziquantel (10-50 μg/ml) has no evident killing effect on spargnna in vitro, but when the dosage is higher(1 800 mg/kg), it has certain efficacy for treating the mice infected with spargana by oral inoculation.

Objective To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (AS2O3)on SOCS-1 gene methylation and expression of P-STAT3 in multiple myeloma (MM) cells.Methods MM cell lines U266 and CZ-1 were used as in vitro models.Methylation status of SOCS-1 gene was detected by the methylation specific PCR (MSP)while P-STAT3 protein expression was determined by Western blotting assay before and after AS2O3 treatment.Meanwhile growth inhibition and apoptosis of MM cells were determined by flow cytometry.Results Hypermethylation of SOCS-1 gene was observed in each MM cell line compared with wide type.After exposure to AS2O3,it was shown that SOCS-1 gene was demethylated obviously,meanwhile the expression level of P-STAT3 protein and cell proliferation was inhibited significantly in each cell line.The apoptosis rate was increased.When U266 and CZ-1 were treated with AS2O3 of 0,0.5,1.0,2.0 μmol/L respectively,the total cell apoptosisis ratio of U266 was 0.06％,0.56％,48.96％,61.07％ (X2 =9.19,P ＜ 0.05); and the total cell apoptosisis ratio of CZ-1 was 4.2％,,40.3％,,47.72％,,68.49％ (X2 =8.96,P ＜0.05 ).Conclusion AS2O3 could inhibit JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway by inducing SOCS-1 gene demethylation in MM cells which might be related to cell apoptosis.

Objective To explore the possible relationship between alteration of cell cycle and JAK/STAT3 signal transduction pathway inhibition induced by arsenic trioxide (As_2O_3,) in myeloma cell lines U266 and RPMI8226 in vitro. Methods Multiple myeloma cell lines U266 and RPMI8226 were used as in vitro models. The influence of AS_2O_3 on myeloma cells were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Meanwhile, methylation specific PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the methylation status of gene SOCS-1 and protein expression level of P-STAT3 in these cells after AS_2O_3 treatment. Results AS_2O_3 significantly inhibited the growth of U266 and RPMI8226 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase with inhibition of protein expression level of P-STAT3 and SOCS-1 gene demethylation after exposure to As_2O_3 for 72 h( r = 0. 85, P < 0.05). Conclusion AS_2O_3 could induce the alteration of cell cycle which might be related to JAK/STAT3 signal transduction pathway inhibition and SOCS-1 demethylation in myeloma cell lines. The study puts forward a new idea of AS_2 O_3 treatment in multiple myeloma.

Objective To explore the significance of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1)gene methylation in the genesis, development and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods The methylation state of CpG island in SOCS-1 gene were detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the level of SOCS-1 gene was measured by the real-time PCR. The clinical data of 30 patients with DLBCL were collected, and according to the international prognosis index (IPI), they were divided into low risk group and high risk group. Results Aberrant methylation of SOCS-1 in 17 DLBCL patients (56.7 %) were positive, however, in control group aberrant methylation was negative(P ＜0.01).The methylation level of DLBCL patients with positive SOCS-1 methylation was higher than that of patients with negative (P ＜0.05). Combined with the clinical data, the positive rate of methylation in patients with high level of serum LDH or the numbers of extra-nodal lesions＞l were significantly higher than that in patients with normal LDH level or the numbers of extra-nodal lesions ≤ 1, respectively. Hence, the positive rate of methylation in the high risk group of DLBCL was higher than that in the low risk group (P ＜0.05). Conclusion There were aberrant methylations of the SOCS-1 gene in the patients with DLBCL. The methylations of SOCS-1 can silence the gene expression, which indicates that SOCS-1 and its methylations play some role on genesis and development of DLBCL and can evaluate the prognosis of the patients with DLBCL.

Objective To detect the significance of the SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes methylation status in the genesis and development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods The methylation state of SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes CpG islands were measured by methylation-specific polymerase chain (MSP) reaction.Results The positive rates of aberrant methylation for SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes in 50 specimens of DLBCL were 96 ％ (48/50),52 ％ (26/50) and 56 ％ (28/50) respectively.In control group,however,15 specimens of benign lymph node proliferation showed no methylation in CpG island of SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes promoter.Conclusion Aberrant methylations of the SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes exist in the patients with DLBCL.The methylations of SHP-1,p15 and SOCS-1 genes may be associated with the occurrence and development of DLBCL.This study provides a theoretical basis of treatment methylation for DLBCL.

Objective:To investigate the effect of heparin-binding protein (HBP) on the damage of vascular permeability in early burn.Methods:① Clinical research: 12 patients with severe burns admitted to Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1st to August 30th in 2019 were enrolled. Eight patients with severe trauma admitted to the same hospital during the same period were also enrolled as controls to explain the specificity of burn injury. Whole blood samples were obtained within 0.5 hour after admission. The white blood cell count (WBC), absolute value and ratio of neutrophils, and serum HBP levels were measured. Serum samples of 12 patients with severe burn were collected within 9 days after admission, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of metabolism products of glycocalyx including syndecan-1 and hyaluronic acid (HA). The correlation between HBP and neutrophils ratio, syndecan-1 and HA were analyzed by linear correlation. ② Basic research: a 30% total body surface area (TBSA) Ⅲ° burn model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat aged 6-8 weeks was prepared. In low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) intervention group ( n = 5), 200 U/kg LMWH was injected subcutaneously immediately and every 2 hours after injury for 4 times in total; the burn group ( n = 5) was given the same amount of normal saline. No intervention was given to the normal control group ( n = 5). The peripheral venous blood was collected at 0, 2, 4, and 8 hours after injury, and the serum levels of HBP, syndecan-1 and HA were measured; the injury of glycocalyx on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. Results:① Clinical research results: the WBC, neutrophils absolute value and ratio, and HBP levels were increased in 12 patients with severe burn and 8 patients with severe trauma. There was no significant difference in the WBC, absolute value and ratio of neutrophils between severe burn and severe trauma patients [WBC (×10 9/L): 14.5±6.1 vs. 10.8±3.6, the absolute value of neutrophils (×10 9/L): 12.0±5.9 vs. 9.0±4.0, the ratio of neutrophils: 0.81±0.10 vs. 0.79±0.14, all P > 0.05], but the HBP levels in the burn patients were significantly higher than those in the trauma patients (μg/L: 192.92±61.73 vs. 51.17±23.05, P < 0.01). Twelve patients with severe burns had a sharp increase in serum syndecan-1 and HA levels after burns, which continued to maintain high levels and peaked at the 9th day [syndecan-1 (μg/L): 16.02±0.39, HA (μg/L): 106.83±4.90]. The analysis showed that HBP was positively correlated with neutrophils ratio, syndecan-1 and HA in severe burn patients at the 1st day after admission ( r values were 0.805, 0.732 and 0.900, respectively, all P < 0.01). It indicated that the sharp increase of neutrophils after the burn released a lot of HBP, and the glycocalyx of the vascular endothelium was severely damaged. ② Basic research results: the levels of serum HBP, syndecan-1 and HA in the burn group were increased sharply as compared with the normal control group, and continued to increase with time, reaching a peak at 8 hours after burn. In the LMWH intervention group, the serum levels of HBP, syndecan-1 and HA were significantly lower than those in the burn group, and the difference was still statistically significant after 8 hours [HBP (μg/L): 6.47±0.25 vs. 12.48±0.08, syndecan-1 (μg/L): 19.06±1.48 vs. 25.92±3.34, HA (μg/L): 35.76±2.10 vs. 54.91±2.64, all P < 0.01]. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that in the normal control group, the glycocalyx pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was continuous, evenly distributed and dense. The glycocalyx on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells of rats were significantly damaged and shed 2 hours after burn in the burn group, and no glycocalyx was observed at 8 hours. In the LMWH intervention group, the glycocalyx on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was damaged and the phenomenon of shedding was significantly relieved, and the glycocalyx could be observed 8 hours after the injury. Conclusion:The massive exudation of body fluids and the significant increase of vascular permeability in patients in early burns may be related to the destruction of the glycocalyx on endothelial cells by HBP released from increased neutrophils.

Radiation enteritis is a kind of intestinal radiation injury in patients with pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies after radiotherapy, and its occurrence and development process are very complicated. At present, studies have confirmed that intestinal microecological imbalance is an important factor in the formation of this disease. Abdominal radiation causes changes in the composition of the flora and a decrease in its diversity, which is mainly manifested by a decrease in beneficial bacterial species such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Intestinal dysbacteriosis aggravates radiation enteritis, weakens the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and promotes the expression of inflammatory factors, thereby aggravating the occurrence of enteritis. Given the role of the microbiome in radiation enteritis, we suggest that the gut microbiota may be a potential biomarker for the disease. Treatment methods such as probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are ways to correct the microbiota and may be an effective way to prevent and treat radiation enteritis. Based on a review of the relevant literature, this paper reviews the mechanism and treatment of intestinal microbes in radiation enteritis.