Memory disorders is the commonest cognitive impairment of people with traumatic brain injury, cerebral vascular disease, senile dementia and so on. Recently researchers at home and abroad used different rehabilitation training methods to treat the memory disorders in patients with brain injury, and has made some progress. This study reviewed the methods and efficacy of recent rehabilitation about memory disorders, and discussed the optimum rehabilitation programs.

Objective:To compare the assessments of the presence or absence and the changes of post-treatment periapical lesions using periapical radiographs versus cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods:Imaging records were selected from a sample of 233 radiographic examinations (in-cluding periapical radiographs and CBCT)of patients with chronic apical periododontitis who received treatment and review in Department of Cariology and Endodontology of Peking University School of Stoma-tology.After testing the inter-observer and intra-observer agreement,two observers determined the pre-sence or absence of a periapical lesion and classified the changes of lesions in 4 categories:absence,re-duction or enlargement of lesion,or uncertain.The differences between CBCT and periapical radiographs in detecting the presence or absence and the changes of periapical lesions were compared using McNemar test and Fisher’s exact test respectively.Results:In the study,233 teeth were assessed with both periapi-cal radiographs and CBCT images.Periapical lesions were detected in 178 teeth on CBCT scans and in 146 teeth on periapical radiographs.CBCT images revealed a significantly larger number of lesions than were revealed by periapical radiographs (P <0.01 ).There was disagreement on the changes of lesions between the two radiological technologies in 25% teeth,and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01 ). Conclusion:Significant differences were observed between periapical radiographs and CBCT in detection of post-treatment periapical lesions and assessment of the changes of periapical lesions.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of executive function in patients with brain injury. Methods From March 1st, to June 30th, 2015, 44 patients with brain injury were investigated with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the indexes including Responses Answer, Categories Completed, Correct Responses, Errors Responses, Trials to Complete First Category, Percent Conceptual Level Respons-es Percentage, Perseverative Responses Errors, Nonperseverative Responses Errors, Failure to Maintain Set, and Learning to Learn. Results The abnormal rates were the most in Nonperseverative Responses Errors and Percent Conceptual Level Responses Percentage (61.36%), and then in Responses Answer/Categories Completed/Correct Responses (59.09%), Correct Responses (43.18%), Trials to Complete First Category (38.64%), Perseverative Errors (29.51%), Learning to Learn (25.00%), and Failure to Maintain Set (9.09%). The patients with trau-matic brain injury were different from those with stroke in Responses Answer, Errors Responses, Perseverative Responses Errors, Catego-ries Completed, Percent Conceptual Level Responses Percentage, and Learning to Learn (Z>2.444, t>2.156, P<0.05). The patients injured in frontal lobe were different from those in other areas in Perseverative Responses Errors (t=2.595, P=0.015). Conclusion Executive function damaged generally in patients with brain injury, which related to concentration, abstract, shifting attention, working memory, etc. The frontal lobe damage may associate with the disorder of shifting attention.

This study is to establish physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of famitinib in rat and monkey, and then to predict the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of famitinib in human based on the PBPK models. According to published paper, previous studies and the chemical properties of famitinib predicted by ACD/ADME suite and SimCYP, the PBPK models of rat and monkey were established and optimized using GastroPlus. And then, the PBPK models were applied to predict the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of famitinib in human. The results showed that the PBPK models of rat and monkey can fit the observed data well, and the AUC0-∞, ratios of observed and calculated data in rat and monkey were 1.00 and 0.97, respectively. The AUC0-∞, ratios of observed and predicted data in human were 1.63 (rat to human) and 1.57 (monkey to human), respectively. The rat and monkey PBPK models of famitinib were well established, and the PBPK models were applied in predicting pharmacokinetic of famitinib in human successfully. Hence, the PBPK model of famitinib in human could be applied in future drug-drug interaction study.

Objective To investigate the effects of solution-focused brief therapy on self-perceived burden and quality of life in patients with stroke.methods 60 patients with stroke recruited at the department of rehabilitation of a hospital in Chengde city from January to June 2016 were divided into control group (n=30) and experimental group (n=30).Both groups received conventional nursing care and rehabilitation treatment.In addition,the experimental group received psychological intervention of solution-focused brief therapy,2-3 times a week,30-45 minutes for each time.The self-perceived burden scale(SPBS),memorial university of Newfoundland scale of happiness(MUNSH) and short from 36 health survey questionaire(SF-36) were used to assess the patients before and after intervention.Result s(1)The differences of the scores of SPBS ((39.27±5.83) vs (22.40±4.03),t=16.248,P<0.01) and MUNSH ((4.20±4.50) vs (31.10±3.66),t=-24.136,P<0.01) for the experimental group before and after the intervention were statistically significant.There were statistically significant differences in scores of SPBS ((22.40±4.03) vs (35.30±2.63),t=-14.683,P<0.01) and MUNSH ((31.10±3.66) vs (19.67±3.64),t=12.127,P<0.01) between the experimental group and control group after the intervention.(2)The scores of physiologic functioning,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional and mental health for the experiment group were higher than before(t=-23.427--6.624,all P<0.01).After the intervention,the scores of physiologic functioning,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional and mental health in the experiment group were higher than those in control group(t=5.705-12.806,all P<0.01).Conclusion Solution-focused brief therapy can effectively reduce the self-perceived burden of stroke patients and improve their quality of life.

Gut microbiota is one of the complicated eco-systems in human body.A large amount of bacteria colonize in the healthy human intestine, which not only play a variety of biological functions, but also are associated with various diseases.By adding microecological agents (probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics), we are able to improve the gut microbiota structure and reduce the related carcinogenic metabolites, and also to improve the clinical manifestations of certain diseases.Therefore, it is meaningful to apply microecological agents (probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics) both in healthy population and patients.We reviewed the researches on microecological aspect of gut microbiota-related diseases, aiming to shed some light on fully understanding and popularizing of the application of microecological agents among different populations.

Objective To investigate the effects of different BIS values on postoperative cogni-tive dysfunction (POCD)and S100βprotein(S100β)in the early stage of postoperation.Methods Fifty patients who were scheduled for selective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (male 34 cases, female 1 6 cases,aged 65 to 75 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ)were randomly divided into two groups:light anesthesia group (group L,n =25,BIS value was maintained at 50 to 59)and deep anesthesia group (group D,n =25,BIS value was maintained at 30 to 39).BP,HR,SpO 2 ,ECG,PET CO 2 ,inhaled anes-thetic concentration and BIS values were recorded on time points of 5 minutes after the patients ente-ring the operating room (T0 ),before endotracheal (T1 ),intubation (T2 ),incision (T3 ),two hours after incision (T4 ),three hours after incision (T5 )and at the end of surgery (T6 ).The procedure du-ration,anesthesia time,dosages of propofol,fentanyl,midazolam and VAS scores on 1 d after sur-gery were also recorded.Blood samples were collected on time points of 10 min before anesthesia,im-mediately after surgery and 24,48 h after operation.S100β concentration were detected.Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)score and Trail Making Test (TMT)completion time were recorded on 1 d before surgery and 1,3,7 d after surgery.Results BIS value of group D were lower than group L on T2 ,T3 and T4 .The propofol dosage of group D was significantly greater than that in group L (P <0.05 ).The concentration of serum S100βincreased significantly immediate and 48 h after operation in both groups compared with 10 min before anesthesia(P < 0.05).It was still higher 24 hours after op-eration than before anesthesia.But there was no statistic difference.Compared with the end of surger-y,the concentration of serum S100βin two groups on 24 h after surgery were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 ).The concentration of serum S100β in group L on the end of surgery and 24 h after surgery were higher than that in group D significantly (P <0.05).Compared with 1 d before surgery, postoperative 1 d MMSE scores in two groups and postoperative 3 d MMSE score in group L de-creased significantly (P <0.01).Compared with postoperative 3 d,postoperative 7 d MMSE score in group L increased significantly (P <0.01).Postoperative 1,3 d MMSE score in group D were signifi-cantly higher than group L (P <0.05).Compared with 1 d before surgery,TMT completion time in two groups on 1 d after surgery were significantly prolonged (P <0.01 ).Compared with 1 d after surgery,TMT completion time in two groups on 3 d after surgery were significantly shortened (P <0.01).Compared with 3 d after surgery,TMT completion time in group L on 7 d after surgery was significantly shortened (P <0.01 ).TMT completion time in group D on 1,3 d postoperative were significantly shorter than group L (P <0.05).POCD incidence of group D on 1 d after surgery was lower than that in group L (P < 0.05).Conclusion Different depth of anesthesia can ensure hemo-dynamic balance in old patients during surgery and after surgery.When BIS value was maintained at 30 to 39,it had lower S100βprotein levels,lower incidence of early POCD and a lesser degree of post-operative cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of Revised EC301Calculation and Number Processing Battery in Chinese version (EC301-CR); To establish diagnostic criteria by EC301-CR for acalculia in order to provide an effective assessment tool clinically. Methods The items of EC301were adjusted. 103 patients with acquired brain injury and 37 normal controls were randomly selected. 24 normal controls randomly selected were retested 6 weeks latter. Results The Cronbach's coefficient, the split-half reliability and the retest reliability coefficients were 0.907, 0.744, and 0.965, respectively. The correlation coefficient within subscales was more than the correlation coefficient between subscales. 4 first-order factors were extracted which accounted for 69.359% of the accumulated variance, which were mental calculation, number transcoding, written calculation and approximation, and understanding of numbers. Control data (n=37) showed that the P10 of EC301-CR was 222.6. Conclusion The critical value of acalculia is 222.6 in EC301-CR test. Psychometric properties analysis shows that EC301-CR is a reliable and validated instrument for acalculia.

To compare two enrichment and preservation methods of urinary proteins, stored in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (Urimem) or direct freezing, we examined the differences between the two methods in time, space, costs of supplies and electricity, degree of protein degradation and convenience of the sample handling. The urimem method is superior in the storage space, the cost of electricity and the clinical convenience compared to the direct freezing method. However, the direct freezing method is superior in the time and the cost of supplies to the urimem method. The enrichment and preservation of urinary proteins using urimem have more cost-effective benefits compared to those of the direct freezing method.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Freezing ; Humans ; Polyvinyls ; Preservation, Biological ; methods ; Proteins ; chemistry ; Urine ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the clinical value of KL-6 mucin in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods A total of 41 patients with malignant tumors and 15 with benign lesions were recruited in the study.KL-6 mucin levels of bile and serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were also measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA).All data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)curves.Results CEA,CA19-9,and KL-6 mucin in serum and KL-6 mucin in bile in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than those in patients with benign lesions (P ＜ 0.001).There were no significant differences in serum AFP between the two groups.An receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves analysis revealed that the detection of KL-6 mucin in bile was reasonably accurate in differentiating malignant obstructive jaundice from benign (area under curve [AUC] 0.954).While the AUC of the ROC curves for serum AFP,CEA,CA19-9,KL-6 mucin and KL-6 in bile and 0.954 were 0.657,0.753,0.894,0.846 and 0.954 respectively.Using the ideal threshold as the cut-off point,the sensitivity and specificity of KL-6 mucin for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant obstructive jaundice was 90.24％and 93.33％.Conclusion As a tumor marker,KL-6 mucin in bile is valuable in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant obstructive jaundice.