ored carefully.

Objective The action mechanisms of Qingfei Oral Liquid ( QFOL) in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) infection need to be studied more deeply.The aim of this study is to examine the expressions of interleukin ( IL)-10 and IL-17 in the lung tissue and those of Treg and Th17 in the spleen tissue of RSV-infected mice before and after treated with QFOL, and to explore the action mechanisms of QFOL from the perspective of the Treg/Th17 cy-tokines balance. Methods Fifty BABL/c mice were equally ran-domized to five groups: blank control, RSV model, Ribavirin, low-dose QFOL, and high-dose QFOL.Models of RSV ( long strain) infec-tion were made in the latter four groups.At 48 hours after viral activa-tion, the mice of the control and RSV model groups were treated intragastrically with 0.9%normal saline and those in the Ribavirin and QFOL groups with Ribavirin at 0.0025 g/mL and QFOL at 1.33 g/mL and 4 g/mL, respectively, all for 72 hours.Then all the mice were killed and the lung tissue harvested from 5 animals in each group for pathological analysis, while the levels of IL-10 and IL-17 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the other 5 detected by ELISA.The expressions of the cytokines Treg and Th17′in the spleen from 4 mice in each group were determined by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the RSV models, pathologic changes were significantly re-duced in the mice of the QFOL, Ribavirin and control groups (P<0.01), the expression of IL-10 remarkably up-regulated in the low-dose QFOL, high-dose QFOL, Ribavirin, and control groups ([39.21 ±1.57] vs [43.54 ±1.03], [46.64 ±0.48], [47.83 ±0.87], and [50.44 ±1.04] ng/L, all P<0.01), while the level of IL-17 markedly down-regulated ([70.96 ±0.53] vs [55.92 ±0.83], [33.66 ±0.70], [21.92 ±1.38], and [9.42 ±0.59] pg/mL, all P<0.01).The expressions of Treg/Th17′were significantly in-creased in the low-dose QFOL, high-dose QFOL, Ribavirin, and control groups (2.89 ±0.52, 6.38 ±0.36, 3.95 ±0.26, and 3.54 ± 0.85) as compared with that in the RSV models (0.96 ±0.16) (all P<0.01).Both low-and high-dose QFOL groups showed statisti-cally significant differences from the Ribavirin group in the levels of Treg, Th17, and Treg/Th17 (P<0.05). Conclusion QFOL can regulate the balance of Treg/Th17, increase the expression of IL-10 and decrease that of IL-17 in the lung tissue of RSV-infected mice, which further proves the efficacy of QFOL in the treatment of RSV-induced pneumonia.

Objective To research the distribution and the characteristics of the plasmid mediated quinolone resistant genes in Shewanella algae. Methods The qnr, qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were amplified by PCR, then the positive PCR products were sequenced to determine the gene type. The transferability of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance was ensured by conjugation experiment. MICs were measured by E-test. qnrA gene was mapped to plasmids to locate it. Results The qnrA gene were detected in the Shewanella algae, this is a newfound subgroup qnrA7, the GenBank accession no. was GQ463707, qnrB, qnrS,qnrC, qnrD, qepA and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were not detected. qnrA7 reside in a plasmid about 33 kb, conjugation experiment was unsuccessful. The strain was susceptible to quinolones. Conclusion It deserves paying close attention to the report of an original qnrA subgroup in an isolate of water-borne species of Shewanella algae.

Objective To explore effect of irregular chemotatic factor fractalkine(FKN),phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase and nuclear factor?κB(NF?κB)on interleukin?6(IL?6)expression in peripheral blood monocytes and the effect of valsartan intervention,so as to research the signal conduc?tive mechanism of FKN impacting on IL?6. Methods Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from fresh blood of healthy volunteers by the densi?ty gradient centrifugation. The extractive peripheral blood monocytes were divided into seven groups:the control group,the FKN group,the LY294002 group(PI3K inhibitors),the PDTC group(NF?κB inhibitors),the FKN+valsartan group,the FKN+LY294002 group,and the FKN+PDTC group,the latter two were pretreated by LY294002 and PDTC respectively before FKN inducing PBMC cells. The IL?6 expression in cell me?dium was measured in each group by ELISA at 12 hours and 24 hours after PBMC treatment. Results After 12 hours of culture,compared with the control group,the expression of IL?6 in the FKN group was decreased(P<0.05),while LY294002 and PDTC groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the FKN group,the expression of IL?6 was decreased in the FKN+valsartan group(P<0.05),increased in the FKN+LY294002 group(P<0.05),and was decreased in the FKN+PDTC group(P<0.05). After 24 hours of culture,the IL?6 expression in each group had no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion FKN can adjust the expression of peripheral blood PBMC IL?6 in a two?way pattern, inhibiting the expression of IL?6 by PI3K pathway and promoting the expression of IL?6 by NF?κB pathway,overall,FKN can inhibit the expression of IL?6. Valsartan can increase FKN to inhibit the expression of IL?6.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the economics of interferon α1b and α2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. METH-ODS:By retrospective study,114 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received interferon were selected,60 patients received interfer-on α1b were divided into group A and 54 patients received interferon α2b were divided into group B. Negative conversion rate of HCV-RNA,normalization rate of ALT and the incidence of ADR in 2 groups were compared,and pharmacoeconomic analysis was conducted. RESULTS:Negative conversion rates of HCV-RNA in group A in 4,12,24,36,48 weeks were 55.00%,71.67%, 63.33%,61.67% and 65.00%,group B were 64.81%,66.67%,62.96%,55.56% and 61.11%,respectively,there were no signifi-cant differences between 2 groups (P>0.05);after treatment,normalization rate of ALT in group A was 95.23%,group B was 96.10%,there was no significant difference between 2 groups(P>0.05);and there were no significant differences in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05),so cost-minimization analysis was used to evaluate pharmacoeconomics. Therapy cost in group A was 13 216.56 yuan,group B was 7 929.60 yuan,group B was lower to group A;sensitivity analysis received the same results. CON-CLUSIONS:Interferonα2b is more economical thanα1b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

Objective To screen and clone the genes related to alopecia areata. Methods Dermal papillae of lesional and non lesional follicles were separated from alopecia areata scalp respectively. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to investigate the difference of expressed genes in dermal papillae of lesional (tester) and non lesional (driver) follicles, and the differentially expressed genes in dermal papillae of lesional follicles were cloned and sequenced. Results A subtractive library of dermal papillae of lesional follicles from alopecia areata was established. A differentially expressed gene in dermal papillae of lesional follicles was successfully cloned and proved to be an autoantigen gene. Conclusions The subtractive library may contain the differentially genes related to alopecia. The autoantigen gene related to alopecia areata need to be further investigated.

Objectives To construct a cDNA subtractive library of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in anagen with suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and clone differentially expressed genes related to DPCs in anagen. Methods Total RNA was isolated from DPC of anagen and telogen follicles. Then ds cDNAs were synthesized in turn using SMART cDNA synthesis technique. After cDNAs from anagen and telogen follicle DPCs were hybridized with each other twice and underwent two rounds of nested PCR, PCR products were ligated with arms of T/A plasmid vectors to set up the subtractive library. Selected clones were verified by reverse Nothern blot and DNA sequencing, and the acquired sequences were analyzed for homology based on Genbank nucleotide database. Results cDNA subtractive library of DPCs in anagen follicle was set up successfully with high subtractive efficiency. Thirty-five genes were identified with 22 known functional genes and 13 unknown functional genes. Conclusions These results demonstrate the effectiveness and sensitivity of SSH in detecting differentially expressed genes from a small amount of clinical samples. Information about such alterations in gene expression might be useful for elucidating the genetic events in hair follicle growth regulation.

Objective To clarify the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine A CsA) as salvage therapy in patients with severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) and refractory to steroids.Methods A total of 24 severe active UC patients refractory to steroids and hospitalized from 2006 to 2012,were retrospectively enrolled.Data including demographic features,clinical manifestations,laboratory tests and medications were collected.Results CsA was effective in 15 (62.5％) patients,who did not receive colectomy during 12-week administration.This regimen was tolerable in most patients.Twelve (50.0％) patients reported 16 adverse events,but only one patient withdrew CsA due to intolerance.The rates of adverse events in initial intravenous CsA including 4 mg · kg-1 · d-1,3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 2 mg· kg-1 · d-1 were 2/2,9/17 and 1/5 respectively.Responders had higher white blood cell count compared with non-responders (P =0.045).Conclusions CsA could be an effective alternative regimen to colectomy in severe active UC patients who are refractory to steroids.

[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy of autologous whole blood injections in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and positive autologous serum skin test (ASST).[[Methods]] After assessment of clinical history,patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria underwent skin prick test (SPT) and ASST.Then,100 patients with positive ASST but negative SPT for common allergens were randomly classified into treatment group (n =60) and control group (n =40).Oral loratadine was given to all the patients with a gradual tapering to the least maintenance dose.Patients in the treatment group were also injected with autologous whole blood once a week for 12 times.Patients were evaluated by urticaria activity score (UAS) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) at the baseline,the end of the 3rd and 6th month after the initial treatment.The total amount of antihistamines required for the control of urticaria every month was calculated.The UAS,DLQI,accumulative amount of administrated antihistamines,and the diameter of wheal/flush induced by autologous serum were compared by t test before and after the treatment,and the efficacy was compared by rank sum test between the two groups.[Results] No significant difference was observed between the control and treatment group in UAS at the baseline (5.73 ± 0.51 vs.5.32 ± 0.79,P＞ 0.05).The UAS reached 1.57 ± 1.42 and 0.69± 0.92 with a decrease rate of 69％ and 81％ in the treatment group,and 3.65 ± 1.53 and 2.65 ± 1.61 with a decrease rate of 35％ and 53％ in the control group,respectively at the end of the 3rd and 6th month,and statistical difference was observed for the decrease in both groups at the two time points (all P ＜ 0.05).The total amount of antihistamines required for the control of urticaria per month averaged 8.63 pills and 3.83 pills respectively in the treatment group after 3 and 6 months of treatment,significantly less than that in the control group (16.85 and 15.27 pills,respectively).[Conclusion]s The combination of oral antihistamine and autologous whole blood injections can not only reduce disease activity and improve patients' quality of life,but also decrease the total amount of antihistamines required for the control of urticaria.

Objective To evaluate the value of 3.0T dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI)quantitative parameters for the diagnosis,pathological classification,clinical staging and lymph node status of cervical cancer.Methods The DCE-MRI data of 41 cases with cervical cancer and 1 5 cases with normal cervix were analyzed retrospectively.The quantitative parameters including Ktrans,Kepand Ve were obtained by Siemens Tissue 4D software.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0.Results The Ktransand Kepvalues of cervical cancer group were significantly higher than normal cervix group(P<0.001),and there was no statistical difference in Vevalue between the two groups(P>0.05).The Ktransvalue of squamous carcinoma was significantly higher than adenocarcinoma(P<0.05),while Kep and Vevalues showed no statistical differences(P>0.05).The Ktransvalue of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)for early cervical cancer was significantly lower than that for advanced cervical cancer(P<0.05),while Kepand Vevalues showed no statistical differences (P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in Ktrans,Kepand Vevalues between cervical cancer with or without lymph node metastasis(P>0.05).Conclusion The quantitative parameters of 3.0T DCE-MRI can be used for the diagnosis, pathological classification and clinical staging of cervical cancer,and it is also of great significance for the rational formulation of the clinical treatment plan.