Objective To investigate risk factors for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients with craniocerebral operation,and provide reference for the prevention and control of HAI.Methods A total of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery in a neurosurgery department from January 2010 to December 2012 were enrolled in the study,the risk fac-tors for HAI were analyzed.Results Of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery,393 patients developed 446 times of post-operative HAI,HAI incidence rate was 9.26%,case infection rate was 10.50%,which were higher than inci-dence (2.02%)and case infection rate (3.02%)of HAI of all hospital during the same period,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =811 .06,629.30,respectively,P <0.001).The major infection site was central nervous system (56.50%),followed by respiratory system (27.36%).Unconditional univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,age,community-acquired infection,primary disease,operative time,length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU)before infection,the number of surgery,invasive procedures and nasogastric tube,the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05 ).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,elderly pa-tients,congenital brain diseases,stay in ICU>7 d,antimicrobial use >7 d,central venous and urinary tract cathe-terization,invasive ventilator were risk factors for HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation.Conclusion The incidence of HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation is high,effective preventive and control measures accord-ing to risk factors should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of HAI.

AIM:To construct a hAR and GFP fusion gene vector and to observe the AR-GFP gene expression in Hek293 cells. METHODS: A recombined vector pcDNA3.1/myc-HisA-AR-GFP (pH-AG) was constructed by gene engineering technique. The recombined vector was transfected into Hek293 cells using calcium phosphate. RESULTS: AR-GFP fusion protein was successfully expressed in Hek293 cells without biologic activity, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. CONCLUSION: The Hek293 cells transfected by AR-GFP fusion gene can express its protein successfully. However, it is not a cellular model for ARI screening.

To investigate the effect of Kozak sequence (+4A or +4G) on expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in HEK293 cells. The eukaryotic expression vectors containing GFP gene with different Kozak sequence (+4A or +4G) were constructed by classic DNA recombination methods, including PCR, enzyme digestion, ligation, transformation, identification, et al. Two different Kozak sequences (+4A or +4G) were obtained through PCR with different mutagenic primers. The right recombinant plasmids pHGFP-A and pHGFP-G were transfected into HEK293 cells by liposome-mediated gene transfer method. The expression level of GFP was observed by fluorescent microscope, flow cytometry and Western blot. The flow cytometry revealed that the expression levels of GFP fluorescence in pHGFP-A and pHGFP-G transfected cells were about 15% and 45%, respectively. Western blot showed the specific bands of about 27 kD (GFP) both in pHGFP-G and pHGFP-A sample lanes; and the GFP expression density of pHGFP-G was about 3.87-fold as that of pHGFP-A by ImageJ software analysis. These results indicated that the +4G in Kozak sequence (when -3 site is purine base pair) plays an important role in GFP protein translation, which enhances the GFP expression up to 4-fold in HEK293 cells.
Actins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transfection

OBJECTIVE To study the degree and regular of Aspergillus flavus air contamination in hospital.METHODS Some ambient air of different environment in our hospital was taken 5 times in one day of four seasons one year by using centrifugal air sampler,and then cultivated(using eumycete cultural methods),counted and analyzed.RESULTS A.flavus strain was collected in all sampling points in four seasons.The concentration of Aspergillus flavus in six standort was diverse from each other,and the highest was the out-patient clinic with 1238.9 CFU/m3.The concentration of Aspergillus flavus in each division of Medical Department was significant difference during four seasons(P0.05).The difference between internal medicine and external enviroment was significant between the first and the third season(P=0.022,P=0.039),but that of the second and the fouth season was not significant(P=0.022,P=0.624).CONCLUSIONS The contamination of Aspergillus flavus in hospital was severe.So it′s necessary to prevent the Aspergillus flavus infection and enhance the environmental control of susceptible population.

OBJECTIVE In order to prevent and control the nosocomial infection effectively by hospital construction design scientifically.METHODS The theory and the practical application of hospital construction,were analyzed and discussed to prevent the nosocomial infection.RESULTS The hospital construction was fundamental in preventing and controlling nosocomial infection.It could control exogenous nosocomial infection.Through scientific and effective isolation,the hospital construction could help to control source of infection,cut off infection routin and protect the susceptible population.CONCLUSIONS Hospital construction design should conform to the principle of nosocomial infection precention and control.