BACKGROUND: Qiangji jianli liquid plays a key role in prevention and cure of myasthenia gravis; however, whether changes of nucleic acid and protein are related to its mechanism or not should be studied further.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of qiangji jianli liquid on synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in mice with experimental spleen deficiency syndrome, and investigate the effect on myasthenia gravis and the molecular biological basis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Testing Center and Basic Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: Healthy male NIH mice, aged 4 weeks, of clean grade, weighing 17-21 g, were provided by Medical Experimental Animal Center of Guangdong Province. Qiangji jianli liquid (Guangdong Dongfang Shencao Pharmaceutical Factory); serpate solution (Guangdong Bangmin Pharmaceutical Factory); [5-methyl-3H] TdR, [5-3H] uridine and L-[4,5-3H]leucine (Atom High-nuclear Technology Application Limited Company).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June to November 2005. A total of 180 healthy male NIH mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, 26 g/kg qiangji jianli liquid group, 13 g/kg qiangjijianli liquid group and sijunzi decoction group with 36 in each group. Except normal control group, serpate was used to establish animal models of spleen deficiency syndrome. 0.2 mg/(kg ·d) serpate was intraperitoneally injected into mice. ① 0.1 mL/(mouse·d) saline was intraperitoneally injected into mice in normal control group. ② 26 g/kg and 13 g/kg were perfused into mice in 26 g/kg and 13 g/kg qiangji jianli liquid groups, respectively, once a day. Qiangji jianli liquid consisted of beiqi, dangshen, shengma,baizhu, gaicao, etc., with 1.204 g raw drugs a milliliter. ③ 26 g/kg sijunzi decoction, which consisted of dangshen,baizhu, fuling, jiugancao, etc., was perfused into mice with the dosage of 0.5 mL/mouse in si junzi decoction group once a day. After 16 successive days, contents of DNA, RNA and protein were measured in spleen and kidney tissue; meanwhile, body mass, ratio between spleen mass and body mass, and ratio between kidney mass and body mass were also measured before modeling and after administration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of body mass before modeling and at 16 days after administration; ② changes of mass of spleen and kidney tissues; ③ Comparisons of DNA, RNA and protein in spleen and kidney tissues at 16 days after administration.RESULTS: All 180 mice were involved in the final analysis without any loss. ① There was no significant difference of body mass (17.4-21 g) among groups before experiment (P =0.993); however, after experiment, body mass in model group was lower than that in normal control group (Q =22.84, P ＜ 0.01); 16 days after administration, body mass was higher in qiangji jianli liquid groups (26 g/kg, 13 g/kg) and sijunzi decoction group than that in model group (Q =8.66-10.24, P ＜ 0.01). ② Values of spleen mass/body mass and kidney mass/body mass were decreased in model group as compared with those in normal control group (Q =4.02-12.93, P ＜ 0.01); masses of spleen and kidney tissues were increased in qiangji jianli liquid groups (26 g/kg, 13 g/kg) and sijunzi decoction group as compared with those in model group (Q =3.21-9.69, P ＜ 0.05-0.01); ratios in 13 g/kg qiangji jianli liquid group were higher than those in model group (Q =4.07, 5.92; P ＜ 0.05, 0.01). ③ Contents of DNA, RNA and protein in spleen tissue and contents of RNA and protein in kidney tissue were lower in model group than those in normal control group (Q =7.15-19.2, P＜ 0.01); however, content of DNA in kidney tissue was higher in model group than that in normal control group (Q =4.19, P ＜ 0.05). Contents of DNA, RNA and protein in spleen tissue and contents of RNA and protein in kidney tissue were higher in 26 g/kg qiangji jianli liquid group and sijunzi decoction group than those in model group (Q =2.91-14.12, P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Qiangji jianli liquid can accelerate synthesis of nucleic acid and protein; additionally, onset of spleen deficiency syndrome may be related to decreasing synthesis of nucleic acid and protein.

Objective To analyze the course of development of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS) and its research hotspots and frontiers .Methods We retrieved 3723 CFS-related papers published in the Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2014, and obtained a series of mapping knowledge domains with the help of the CiteSpace Ⅲ.Results By visually analyzing the network of international cooperation , mainstream academic communities , development trends and research hotspots in the field of CFS ,the classical literature was quickly decided on and reviewed so that research frontier and development trends were accurately defined .Conclusion Our analysis shows that the academic communities in the field of CFS are mainly located in the United States ,England and other Western countries .Research hotspots shifted from case characters to influence factors ,mechanisms and therapeutic methods .Currently,research frontiers are the etiological theory of pathogen infection and the pathophysiological mechanisms of similar chronic diseases .

With the rapid development of the Internet,e-health technology-based interventions provide high-quality supportive care to meet the care needs of family caregivers of cancer patients,thereby improving the physical and mental health of family caregivers.This article aims to summarize the concept of e-health technology,its current applications,intervention content,and effects among family caregivers of cancer patients.Additionally,it analyzes the shortcomings in the current stage of research and applications,with the goal of providing insights for promoting the utilization of e-health technology in the context of family caregivers of cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects and possible mechanisms of recombinant adenovirus-mediated hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)transfection on HIF-1α in post-hypoxic rat cortical neurons.Methods:(1)Preparation of rats' cerebral cortical neurons in primary culture and hypoxia model.Recombinant adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α(AdHIF-1α)transfection and recombinant Ad transduction in normal and hypoxic cells.Then they will be divided into normal control group, hypoxia group, the recombinant adenovirus hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(AdHIF-1α)gene transfection group and recombinant adenovirus empty vector(Ad)transfection group.(2)To observe the transfection of AdHIF-1α/ Ad under fluorescence microscopy.The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)were observed by Western blot analysis in each group of neurons at 12 h、24 h、48 h and 72 h.Results:Hypoxic neurons transfected with Ad/AdHIF-lα showed the obvious expression 48 h under fluorescence microscopy.At each time of the AdHIF-1α gene transfection group, the expression of HIF-1α is significantly increased, the positive expression emerges at 12 h, the expression increased at 24 h, and it reaches the peak at 48 h, until 72 h declines, and it has statistical significance compared with the hypoxia group( P<0.01, P<0.05), but the Ad group has no statistically significant differences compared with the hypoxia group. Conclusions:The transfection of recombinant adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α gene can significantly increase the expression levels of HIF-1α in hypoxic neurons, and it may play a protective role in the neurons after hypoxia.

miR-135 is a highly conserved miRNA in mammals and includes miR-135a and miR-135b.Recent studies have shown that miR-135b is a key regulatory factor in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.It is involved in regulating the pathological process of myocardial infarction,myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,cardiac hypertrophy,atrial fibrillation,diabetic cardiomyopathy,atherosclerosis,pulmonary hyperten-sion,cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,Parkinson's disease,and Alzheimer's disease.Obviously,miR-135b is an emerging player in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and is expected to be an important target for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.However,the crucial role of miR-135b in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and its underlying mechanism of action has not been reviewed.Therefore,in this review,we aimed to comprehensively summarize the role of miR-135b and the signaling pathway mediated by miR-135b in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.Drugs targeting miR-135b for the treatment of diseases and related patents,highlighting the importance of this target and its utility as a therapeutic target for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,have been discussed.

Objective To explore the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases and their associat-ed factors in the elderly population aged 60 and above in China.Methods Based on the data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),the Apriori algorithm in R4.0.4 software was used to extract frequent itemsets and construct an association rule model between chronic diseases and their associated factors,targeting the information on 14 chronic diseases in people aged 60 and above in the database.Results Among the 13 206 participants,3 691 cases(27.90％)suffered from at least one chronic disease,while 6 217 cases(47.08％)suffered from two or more chronic diseases.Analysis of association rules showed that the most common comorbidity patterns in-cluded heart disease and hypertension,dyslipidemia and hypertension,diabetes and hypertension,as well as"heart disease,arthritis→high blood pressure""high blood pressure,stomach disease→arthri-tis""dyslipidemia,arthritis→hypertension",with support degrees of 8.93％,8.29％,5.44％,3.82％,3.71％and 3.22％,and confidence degrees of 55.15％,59.64％,60.13％,53.67％,51.58％and 60.11％respectively.Irregular sleep patterns,urban living backgrounds,and high so-cial participation were strongly associated with hypertension;while irregular sleep patterns,rural resi-dency,and female were highly associated with arthritis.Conclusion Given the universality of hyper-tension in multiple chronic disease comorbidity patterns,the prevention and screening of hypertension and its complications in the elderly population should be strengthened.For the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases coexisting with hypertension,special attention should be paid to the daily disease screening and management of the elderly who participate in social activities in cities.At the same time,for elderly women,poor sleep qual ity,and rural residents,the screening and attention to the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases with arthritis need to be strengthened.

Objective To explore the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases and their associat-ed factors in the elderly population aged 60 and above in China.Methods Based on the data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),the Apriori algorithm in R4.0.4 software was used to extract frequent itemsets and construct an association rule model between chronic diseases and their associated factors,targeting the information on 14 chronic diseases in people aged 60 and above in the database.Results Among the 13 206 participants,3 691 cases(27.90％)suffered from at least one chronic disease,while 6 217 cases(47.08％)suffered from two or more chronic diseases.Analysis of association rules showed that the most common comorbidity patterns in-cluded heart disease and hypertension,dyslipidemia and hypertension,diabetes and hypertension,as well as"heart disease,arthritis→high blood pressure""high blood pressure,stomach disease→arthri-tis""dyslipidemia,arthritis→hypertension",with support degrees of 8.93％,8.29％,5.44％,3.82％,3.71％and 3.22％,and confidence degrees of 55.15％,59.64％,60.13％,53.67％,51.58％and 60.11％respectively.Irregular sleep patterns,urban living backgrounds,and high so-cial participation were strongly associated with hypertension;while irregular sleep patterns,rural resi-dency,and female were highly associated with arthritis.Conclusion Given the universality of hyper-tension in multiple chronic disease comorbidity patterns,the prevention and screening of hypertension and its complications in the elderly population should be strengthened.For the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases coexisting with hypertension,special attention should be paid to the daily disease screening and management of the elderly who participate in social activities in cities.At the same time,for elderly women,poor sleep qual ity,and rural residents,the screening and attention to the comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases with arthritis need to be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the transfection of recombinant adenovirus vectors containing the hypoxia inducible factor-1α gene (AdHIF-1α)in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMECs) and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of hypoxic BMECs by AdHIF-1α.Methods:Rat BMECs were isolated, identified, and cultured in a maintenance medium containing 100 μmol/L cobalt dichloride (CoCl 2), establishing a hypoxia model of BMECs; then AdHIF-1α was transfected into hypoxic BMECs.The transfection of fluorescent protein was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Results:Transfection of AdHIF-1α into BMECs was monitored under a fluorescence microscope at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively.Minor fluorescence began to appear at 12 h (0.13±0.01), and the fluorescence expression increased at 24 h (0.46±0.03, q=25.88, P<0.01), was most obvious at 48 h (0.97±0.05, q=40.00, P<0.01), and decreased at 72 h (0.38±0.02, q=46.28, P<0.01). Conclusions:Recombinant adenovirus vectors containing AdHIF-1α can be transfected into hypoxic BMECs in vitro.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by the malfunction of pancreatic β cells. Susceptibility and pathogenesis of T2D can be affected by multiple factors, including sex differences. However, the mechanisms underlying sex differences in T2D susceptibility and pathogenesis remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we demonstrate the presence of sexually dimorphic transcriptomes in mouse β cells. Using a high-fat diet-induced T2D mouse model, we identified sex-dependent T2D altered genes, suggesting sex-based differences in the pathological mechanisms of T2D. Furthermore, based on islet transplantation experiments, we found that compared to mice with sex-matched islet transplants, sex-mismatched islet transplants in healthy mice showed down-regulation of genes involved in the longevity regulating pathway of β cells. Moreover, the diabetic mice with sex-mismatched islet transplants showed impaired glucose tolerance. These data suggest sexual dimorphism in T2D pathogenicity, indicating that sex should be considered when treating T2D. We hope that our findings could provide new insights for the development of precision medicine in T2D.