Objective To determine the optimal dose range of naloxone to enhance the analgesic effect of morphine.Methods One half of a total of 84 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into seven groups(6 rats for each group).Rats in group NS received normal saline,and in group M received 6mg/kg of morphine.Different doses of naloxone(1?g/kg,100ng/kg,10ng/kg,1ng/kg and 0.1ng/kg)with 6mg/kg of morphine were given to the rats in group MN1,group MN2,group MN3,group MN4 and group MN5.Pain thresholds were determined at different time points before and after subcutaneous injection of normal saline or morphine or mixture of the drugs(morphine and naloxone).Another 42 rats were randomly assigned into seven groups similar to the above grouping,but the morphine doses for group M and groups MN were changed to 2mg/kg.Acute pain was prodused by an in cision on the hind paw.Then they were given subcutaneous injection of the drugs in different doses as categorized above.Cumulative pain scores were observed within an hour.Results Compared with group NS,the pain thresholds of all the other groups were significantly increased at the time points from 5 minutes to 120 minutes after subcutaneous injection(P0.05).Conclusions Low-dose of naloxone can enhance the analgesic effect of morphine,and the dose range 1ng/kg~100ng/kg may be acceptable.Dose of 1?g/kg naloxone may antagonize the analgesic effect of morphine,while dose of 0.1ng/kg naloxone,perhaps,is too low to show an effect.

Multimedia Services has drawn much attention from both industrial and academic researchers due to the emerging consumer market, how to provide High-Availability service is one of most important issues to take into account. In this paper, a dynamic fault tolerant algorithm is presented for highly available distributed multimedia service, then by introducing SLB(server load balancing) into fault tolerance and switching servers in different ways according to their functions, the proposed schema can preserve reliability and real-time of the system .The analysis and experiments indicate that resuming server's faulty by this method is smooth and transparent to the client The proposed algorithm is effectively improving the reliability of the multimedia service.

Objective To investigate the effect of fosinopril on the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1) in the kidney of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO),and its protective effect on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF).Methods UUO model was induced by ligating the left ureter in rats.A total of 72 male Sprague-Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham-operated group (n=24),UUO model group (n=24) and UUO+fosinopril group (n=24).The rats were treated with 10 mg/(kg?d) by gastric gavage in the fosinopril treated group from 2 d after the operation,and the rats were treated with the identical dose of normal saline in the other 2 groups.Eight rats of each group were sacrificed at 7,14 and 21 d after UUO.Pathological changes of the renal tissue were observed by HE and Masson staining,and the mRNA and protein expression of TAK1 was detected by in situ hybridization,real-time PCR and Western blot analysis.Results The renal interstitial damage index of UUO group was increased compared with that of the sham-operation group (P

Objective:To screen the binding peptide against adenovirus type 7(Ad7) and evaluate the relevance with the ade-novirus receptor .Methods:Binding peptide against Ad 7 was screened by panning the phage display 12 peptides library .The antibody against the selected peptide was prepared and was used to study the binding to the membrane by immunofluorescence technique .Re-sults:Using Ad7 as the target protein , GTS09 peptide was selected from the phage display 12 peptides library by biopanning .GTS09-phage complex could significantly bind Ad 7, with the affinity constant up to 1.93 ×1010 L/mol;at the same time, immunofluorescence showed that antibody of GTS09 could specifically bind to membrane of 293 cell.Conclusion: Antibody against GTS09 peptide could specifically bind to membrane of 293 cell,which shows that the peptide may presumably have homology with the cell receptors of Ad 7.

Objective To determine the values of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI for quantitatively evaluating the liver function reserve.Methods Forty consecutive liver cirrhosis patients were enrolled in this retrospective study.All the patients underwent complete routine laboratory tests and the gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging with the same parameters.Liver volume and the relative enhancement index of the whole liver in hepatocellular phase were used to calculate liver relative uptake value,which is supposed to represent the total liver function reserve.And the function reserve of all liver segments was evaluated respectively by the relative enhancement index of each liver segment.One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses.Results The patient number in Child-Pugh A,B and C group was 23,10 and 7,respectively.Significant differences was observed in liver relative uptake value among patients in different Child-Pugh classes (F =122.05,P ＜ 0.01).Mean liver relative uptake value was highest in Child-Pugh A group(1212 ± 168),followed by B group and C group (695 ± 161,234 ±55).In Child-Pugh A group,the relative enhancement index of S1 to S8 was 1.13 ± 0.22,1.12 ± 0.50,0.81 ± 0.24,1.08 ± 0.32,1.41 ± 0.25,1.10 ± 0.30,1.16 ± 0.41 and 1.17 ± 0.23,respectively (F =5.93,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in B and C group (F =1.95,1.83 ; P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Gadoxetate disodiumenhanced MRI can be used for evaluating whole liver function reserve quantitatively.This technique also has a potential value for evaluating of the segmental liver function reserve before partial hepatectomy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between IL‐10 SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility .Methods Collect‐ed 156 blood samples of breast cancer patients as case group and 156 blood samples of health as control .Genotype SNPs of IL‐10‐592 ,‐1082 were analyzed by genomic DNA extraction ,PCR amplification and TOF mass spectrometry .The data was used by statis‐tical analysis .Results IL‐10‐592 C/C ,C/A and A/A site the genotype frequencies were not diversity between two groups(χ2 =3 .26 ,P>0 .05) .IL‐10‐1082 G/G、G/A、A/A site the genotype frequencies were statistically significant between two groups(χ2 =14 .07 ,P<0 .01) .In Logistic multivariate regression analysis found that :be compared with IL‐10‐592 A/A ,carrying IL‐10‐592 C/A ,C/C group respectively the risk of breast cancer were OR=1 .039(95% CI:0 .484 -2 .233) ,P=0 .922 ,OR= 1 .635(95% CI:0 .683-3 .915) ,P =0 .270 ,which had no statistical significance .In Logistic multivariate regression analysis found that :be com‐pared with IL‐10‐1082 A/A ,carrying IL‐10‐1082 G/A、G/G group respectively the risk of breast cancer were OR=0 .424(95% CI:0 .210-0 .855) ,P=0 .016 ,OR=0 .455(95% CI:0 .178 -1 .163) ,P= 0 .100 .Conclusion IL‐10‐592 may be not associated with breast cancer susceptibility .IL‐10‐1082 G/A may be a protection factor with breast cancer susceptibility .

Objective To investigate the value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI in evaluation of renal cortex perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and divided into simple diabetes (SD) group (n=25) and diabetes kidney disease (DKD) group (n=25) according to suffering from DKD or not.Based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),DKD group were further divided into mild disease subgroup (n=11,eGFR≥ 60 ml/[min · 1.73m2]) and moderate-severe disease subgroup (n=14,eGFR＜60 ml/[min · 1.73m2]).Twenty-five healthy volunteers were recruited as control group at the same time.ASL MRI were performed on all participants.The cortical renal blood flow (RBF) of bilateral kidneys were measured by 2 radiologists.The consistency between 2 radiologists was analyzed.Statistical analysis were conducted to analysis the differences in cortical RBF among different groups.Correlation analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between RBF and eGFR in type 2 diabetes patients.Results Cortical RBF values measured by two radiologists showed high consistency (all ICC＞0.90).There was significant difference in cortical RBF among control group ([269.71±33.28]ml/[100 g · min]),SD group ([258.52±42.30]ml/[100 g · min]),mild disease group ([242.86±56.86]ml/[100 g · min]) and moderate-severe disease group ([173.39±27.16]ml/ [100 g· min];F=20.66,P＜0.01).Moreover,the RBF in moderate-severe disease group was significantly lower than those in other groups (all P＜0.01).And no significant differences of RBF was found among the remainder groups (P=0.064,0.320).RBF in type 2 diabetes patients was positively correlated to eGFR (r=0.646,P＜0.001).Conclusion ASL MRI is a valuable tool to quantitatively assess the renal perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,which can provide potential imaging indicator as RBF for the functional evaluation of kidney.

Purpose: Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to examine changes in the expression of miR-21-5p in ESRD patients with VC and to explore its clinical value in predicting the occurrence and progression of uremic VC. Materials and Methods: 120 ESRD patients were divided into patients without VC group (n=38) and patients with VC group (n=82). All patients were followed up for 2 years to evaluate VC progression. qRT-PCR was used to detect serum miR-21-5p levels.Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess diagnostic value. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were utilized to calculate associations between VC progression and risk factors. Results: Serum miR-21-5p levels were significantly higher in ESRD patients with VC than in those without VC and increased progressively with increasing disease severity. Serum miR-21-5p levels were able to distinguish patients with VC from those without VC, with an area under the curve value of 0.883, a sensitivity of 81.7%, and a specificity of 84.2%. After 2 years of follow-up, miR-21-5p expression had increased in patients with worse VC severity, compared with those with stable VC severity. Patients with high miR-21-5p levels were more likely to develop more severe VC, indicating an association between miR-21-5p and VC progression (log-rank p=0.002). Multivariable Cox regression analysis suggested that serum miR-21-5p is an independent predictive factor of VC progression in ESRD patients (hazard ratio=2.064, 95% confidence interval=1.225–3.478, p=0.006). Conclusion miR-21-5p is overexpressed in the serum of ESRD patients with VC. Our results suggest that overexpression of miR-21-5p is closely associated with VC progression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of fushenkeli on the expression of TAK1 in the proliferation of the renal tubular epithelial cells induced by TGF-beta1 and its possible mechanism.

METHODHuman renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were divided into five groups:blank control group, TGF-beta1 group (5 microg x L(-1)), intervention group 1 (5 microg x L(-1) of TGF-beta1 + 100 mg x L(-1) of fushenkeli), intervention group 2 (5 microg x L(-1) of TGF-beta1 + 500 mg x L(-1) of fushenkeli) and intervention group 3 (5 microg x L(-1) of TGF-beta1 + 1 g x L(-1) of fushenkeli). HK-2 proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Type IV collagen in the supernatants of the cultured HK-2 was detected by ELISA at 12, 24, 48 hours respectively. The protein and mRNA expressions of TAK1 was measured by Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULT1) The cell proliferation and the expression of type IV collagen were increased compared with the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), but they were decreased in intervention group. 2) The expressions of protein and mRNA of TAK1 in TGF-beta1 group were upregulating significantly compared with control group (P<0.01), but they were downregulating in intervention group, especially in intervention group 3.

CONCLUSIONFushenkeli could inhibits TAK1 expression induced by TGF-beta1 in the proliferation of HK-2 cell.

Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Collagen Type IV ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; administration & dosage

Patient-based real-time QC (PBRTQC) uses patient-derived data to assess assay performance. PBRTQC algorithms have advanced in parallel with developments in computer science and the increased availability of more powerful computers. The uptake of Artificial Intelligence in PBRTQC has been rapid, with many stated advantages over conventional approaches. However, until this review, there has been no critical comparison of these. The PBRTQC algorithms based on moving averages, regression-adjusted real-time QC, neural networks and anomaly detection are described and contrasted. As Artificial Intelligence tools become more available to laboratories, user-friendly and computationally efficient, the major disadvantages, such as complexity and the need for high computing resources, are reduced and become attractive to implement in PBRTQC applications.