With the increasing scale of graduate recruitment, the employment rate of post-graduates is becoming low. We are facing to some new problems during the post-graduate training course. This paper discussed several issues in the training of graduate students, such as foster self-confidence, team spirit and innovation.

ObjectiveTo analysis the death causes of patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury(ATSCI) during the initial four months, and determine the clinical predictors of mortality. MethodsMultiple factors that could contribute to mortality were evaluated in the retrospective study. Results3.3% of ATSCI patients died during the initial four months. The death causes were multiple factors inculding arrest of heart and respiration resulting from excessive stimulus to trachea and bronchus, interventions of surgical procedures, pneumonia, multiple organ failure, jam of sputum, and inhalation of food, etc. ConclusionsThe leading causes were the arrest of heart and respiration resulting from excessive stimulus to trachea and bronchus, interventions of surgical procedures and pneumonia. The predictors of mortality include nurological level at C5 and above, motor index of upper extremities less than 6, copious sputum, disability of cough, low blood oxygen pressure especially with progressive decrease, and neurological deterioration, etc.

Objective To study the value of emergency angiography and interventional therapy in digestive tract hemorrhage. Methods 123 cases was performed with repeated angiography after perfusing vasodilator substance in those patients without bleeding signs in the first angiography. According to with or without bleeding during angiography, these cases were divided into group A (the patients is bleeding during angiography) and group B (the patients' stool bleeding examined were negative before angiography) for analysis. The patients with bleeding demonstrated angiographically had accepted the arterial embolization and/or infusion of vasoconstrictor substance later on. Results 90.8% patients of group A was found bleeding and 47.22% patients of group B was found bleeding on angiography. Bleeding was stopped immediately in all those patients with arterial embolization and 82.7% of those patients with vasoconstrictor substance infusion. Conclusions The detective rate of bleeding in active stage is greater than that of in resting stage on emergency angiography of patients with digestive tract hemorrhage ( P

Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence the HIF1alpha gene in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) under hypoxia in order to observe the effect of gene silencing on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor 1 (TIMP1). By using chemical hypoxic inducer CoCl2, to mimic RPE hypoxic environment, shRNA against the targeting region of HIF1alpha mRNA sequence was synthesized by a method of in vitro transcription, and the HIF1alpha was interfered in RPE cultured under hypoxia (induced by 150 micromol/L CoCl2). RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of HIF1alpha and TIMP1. The expression levels of HIF1alpha and TIMP1 were measured by using Western blotting. The results showed that after the RPE were transfected with specific shRNA against HIF1alpha mRNA, RT-PCR revealed that under hypoxia, the efficacy of HIF1alpha gene silencing in RPE was 83.4%. Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of HIF1alpha protein was dramatically dropped. In addition. RT-PCR results demonstrated that the expression of TIMP1 mRNA was decreased by 28.9%, and the expression levels of TIMP1 protein were also significantly reduced by Western blotting. It was suggested that shRNA targeted against HIF1alpha mRNA could effectively silence the HIF1alpha gene, subsequently effectively inhibit the hypoxia-induced up-regulation of TIMP1.
Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Silencing ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/*genetics ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/cytology ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/*pharmacology ; Retina/cytology ; Retina/*metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/*biosynthesis ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics

This study was aimed to evaluate the applicability of common Chinese word segmentation software used in the literature study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) text,in order to put forward ideas on developing specialized TCM text word segmentation software.By means of installing and operating Chinese word segmentation software,the text segmentation experiment was conducted on TCM text samples.Aspects,such Chinese word segmentation accuracy,speed,maneuverability,reliability,extendibility,portability and other characteristics,were compared among different Chinese word segmentation software.The results showed that there were differences on the accuracy,speed,maneuverability,reliability,extendibility,portability among different Chinese word segmentation software.It was difficult to achieve best performance on different aspects by single software.Through the comparison of different Chinese word segmentation software,the Pan-Gu Segment software showed the best performance on accuracy,with good maneuverability,and high word segmentation efficiency,which was the most suitable for word segmentation in TCM text.It was concluded that developing specialized TCM text segmentation software may be the best solution to meet the requirement of text segmentation in TCM literature study.Basic studies should be strengthened from aspects,such as the construction of standard TCM copus,the completion of TCM dictionary base,the introduction,optimization and innovation of word segmentation algorithm,as well as the development of word segmentation software for TCM text.

[Objective]To investigate the differentiation of acute from chronic osteoporotic vertebral fractures.[Method]The clinical presentation,X-ray,CT and MRI of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures were evaluated in the study.[Result]In 36 cases,64% were identified as acute and 36% with chronic osteoporotic vertebral fractures.The decreased anterior vertebral height was a most important criterium for the diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Degenerative changes on the X-ray film were usually found in chronic fractures.A high intense signal in a specific T2 under eliminating fat tissue was always observed in acute fracture.[Conclusion]The local back pain located at the level of the fractured vertebral body suggests an acute vertebral fracture.Degenerative changes occurred in the edged vertebra is indicative of a chronic fracture.The finding of a specific T2 high intense signal under eliminating fat tissue on MRI is a gold standard for the diagnosis of an acute vertebral fracture.

[Objective]To assess whether the canal compromise and the location of conus medullaris determine neurological deficit in burst fracture of the first lumbar vertebra(L1).[Method]Twenty-seven consecutive patients with L1 burst fracture were collected in the study.The compressive ratios of anterior and posterior heights of fractured vertebral bodies,the remains to the estimated ones of the original vertebral bodies were measured on the radiogram,the extent of spinal canal compromise was assessed by computed tomography,and the location of conus medullaris was determined by the MRI examination.The neurological status was evaluated according to the standard neurological classification of spinal cord injury(ASIA).[Result]The compressive ratio of the anterior height was 0.63,the posterior height was 0.91,the stenotic ratio of the canal mid-sagital diameter was 0.69,the stenotic ratio of the distance between pedicles was 1.14,and the stenotic ratio of canal area was 0.83.The group having the stenotic ratio of canal area below 0.5 was at significant risk of neurologic involvement than the control [above(or equal to) 0.5(P=0.049)],and the group with lower conus medullaris had more serious neurological deficit than the upper ones(P=0.046).[Conclusion]There is a significant difference of neurological deficit between the groups with the spinal canal stenosis level of more than 50% and less 50%,and the group with lower conus medullaris had more serious neurological deficit than the upper one.

Objective To investigate the level of phosphorylated high-molecular-weight neurofilament (pNF-H) after spinal cord injury (SCI), and explore the relationship between pNF-H and severity of SCI. Methods 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into control group (group A), mild SCI group (group B), moderate SCI group (group C) and severe SCI group (group D). The level of pNF-H in serum, BBB score and remaining area of white matter were obtained at different time points. Results The level of serum pNF-H in groups B, C and D arrived at peaks 12 hours and 3 days after SCI, and there was significant difference among them (P<0.05). Both BBB score and remaining area of white matter 14 days after SCI negatively correlated with the level of pNF-H 3 days after SCI (r=-0.987 and r=-0.978, respective-ly). Conclusion The pNF-H increases twice after SCI in rats, and may be associated with the severe of SCI, which can be considered as a biomarker.