Objective To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide ( DCP) on liver injury induced by antituberculosis drugs. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups, namely normal control group, model group, glucurolactone group (in the dosage of 200 mg·kg-1·d-1), and high-, middle- and low-dose DCP groups ( in the dosage of 600, 400, 200 mg·kg-1·d-1, respectively). Except for the normal control group, the rats in the other groups were given intragastric administration of isoniazid and rifampicin ( 100 mg/kg) to induce liver injury model, and were simultaneously treated with corresponding agents, once a day. On the experiment day 30, the blood and liver tissue were sampled. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) , alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) and microsomal nitric oxide ( NO) were detected by biochemical method. The contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in liver tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , and the hepatic histopathology was observed after HE staining. Results In DCP groups, the hepatic pathological changes of the mice were improved, the number of the inflammatory cells was reduced, and the activities of serum ALT, AST and AKP as well as the contents of hepatic TNF-α, IL-6 and NO were reduced ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with those in the model group). Conclusion Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide is effective for liver injury induced by antituberculosis drug, and the mechanism may be associated with its anti-inflammatory action.

A new method has been established for simultaneous determination of anions and cations in fertilizer sample by multimodal liquid chromatography with direct conductivity detection. An Acclaim Trinity P1 column based on nanopolymer silica hybrid technology with multimodal separation functional groups reversed-phase/anion-exchange/cation-exchange was used for the analysis. The chromatographic conditions were optimized and the effect ion of eluent on retention was discussed. Eight ions ( Li+, NH+4 , K+, HCOO-, NO-2 , Cl-, NO-3 and Br-) were separated and determined simultaneously by using 25 mmol/L CH3 COONa solution containing 50% acetonitrile at pH=5. 0 as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0. 50 mL/min and the temperature was 30 ℃. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges of the method were in the range of 0 . 5-200 mg/L for all the ions with correlation coefficient of 0 . 9997-0 . 9999 . Whereas the detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range of 0. 16-1. 72 mg/L and the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=9) were in the range of 1 . 3-2 . 5%. The method was applied to the determination of anions and cations in the fertilizer samples with satisfied results and the recoveries were in the range of 95 . 8%-103 . 8%.

Objective To evaluate the application and risk of hematogenous tumor dissemination of intraoperative autologous blood salvage on radical nephrectomy for renal carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.Methods Between July 1999 and October 2005,19 patients with renal cell carcinoma invading inferior vena cava were used by the intraoperative autologous blood salvage.Preoperative and postoperative clinical data were analyzed and compared.The blood sparing effect and follow-up were evaluated.Results The intraoperative autologous blood salvage of all cases was successful.The levels of HCT,Hb and RBC on the 1st and 7th postoperative day were significantly lower than preoperative day.Although the level of PLT decreased on the 1st postoperative day,it recovered on the 7th day.The markers of liver and renal function did not change during treat time.Packed red blood cells were collected during surgery with a mean value of 1 765 ml(300～6 000 ml) per patient.The average amount of allogenic transfusion per patient was 2 247ml(0～8000 ml).The perioperative mortality rate was 10.5%(2/19).The postoperative metastasis rate was 35.3%(6/17).No difference was found in the prognosis between two groups.Conclusion The intraoperative autologous blood salvage does not markedly change the clinic test data and not increase the recurrence and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the association between IL-22 and the pathogenesis of coronary artery atherosclerosis(AS).Methods The relative expression of IL-22 mRNA in PBMC from 30 AS patients and 8 patients without any signs of coronary artery stenosis was detected by RT-PCR.Serum IL-22 levels of 22 patients without any signs of coronary artery stenosis and 79 AS patients were detected by ELISA.CRL-1730 cells(human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were stimulated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) at different dosage for 24 h,and the expression of IL-22R1 was detected by flowcytometry.The proliferation ability of CRL-1730 cells treated with IL-22(20 ng/ml) and/or ox-LDL(100 μg/ml)was measured by MTS assay,and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) was detected by RTPCR and ELISA.Results Decreased IL-22 expression in PBMC and serum was observed as worsen of AS.The expression of IL-22R1 in ox-LDL treated CRL-1730 cells was increased in dose dependent manner.OxLDL decreased proliferation ability,as well as bFGF expression and releasing,of CRL-1730 cells.This effect of ox-LDL was partially rescued by IL-22.Conclusion IL-22 may have anti-atherosclerosis effect.This effect may be mediated by regulating bFGF expression and endothelial cells proliferation ability in the presence of IL-22.

Aim To study the effects of Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide(DCP)on alcoholic fatty liver disease(AFLD)in rats based on anti-inflammation and antioxidation.Methods 60 rats were randomly divid-ed into six groups:control group,model group,silybin group and DCP of high,medium and low dose groups. The control group was fed with normal diet, other groups were fed with high sugar and high fat diet,and given 5% alcohol 5 mL·kg-1 by gavage.The alcohol consistency increased 5%every week until AFLD mod-els in rats were made after 7 weeks.Except control group,other groups were fed with high sugar and high fat diet,and given 35% alcohol 5 mL · kg-1 and DCP.All rats were killed after five weeks,and blood and liver tissues were collected.The activity of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST ), alkaline phosphatase (AKP ), triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC ),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol(HDL-C)in serum were detected by using bio-chemical method. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),reduced gluta-thione(GSH)in liver tissues were detected.The con-tents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6 )and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say(ELISA)in liver tissues.The liver tissues were ob-tained and histologic analysis was done through HE. Results DCP reduced the activity or content of ALT, AST,AKP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,TNF-α,IL-6, TGF-β1 in serum and liver tissues of rats(P<0.05 ), and increased the activity or content of HDL-C,SOD and GSH (P<0.05 ).DCP could remarkably inhibit the NF-κB expression in liver tissues(P<0.01 ).The pathological examination indicated that DCP could ob-viously alleviate the inflammation and fat denaturation of the liver cells.Conclusion DCP can inhibit the de-velopment of AFLD.The mechanism may be related to antioxidation,free radical scavenging, inhibition of lipidperoxidation,anti-inflammation,and inhibition of the TGF-β1 and NF-κB expression.

Objective To analyze the background and connotation of the maker education 2.0 and the innovativeness of the nursing maker education 2.0, and put forward the blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0. Methods The present situations of the maker education 2.0 and the connections between the maker education 2.0 and the nursing education were analyzed through documents and descriptive research, and the blended teaching program of the nursing maker education 2.0 was designed through exploratory research. Results Maker education 2.0 has gradually became an important way to cultivate students' innovation ability, and all kinds of schools tried to implement the maker education 2.0, but there has not been relevant research reports in nursing. Conclusions The blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0 can triggerthe reform of the nursing education. We should research the developmental mechanism and supporting theory, etc. of the nursing maker education 2.0 to explore much further for more knowledge about its application results.

Objective To study the activation induced cell death (AICD) of CD4+ T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)murine model induced by poly I∶C. Methods Thirty female C57BL/6 mice were divided into model and control group randomly, and the former were injected with 5 mg/kg of poly I∶C, the later with PBS. PBC mice were detected 16 weeks after injection. CD4+ T cells isolated from spleen were stimulated in vitro by Con A and anti-CD3, and the apoptosis were determined by Annexin-V and PI staining. The expression of Fas, FasL and TRAIL were assayed by relative quantitative real-time PCR. Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the portal areas of mice in model group were infiltrated with mononuclear cells obviously. The positive rate of serum antimitochondrial antibody(AMA) and the level of alkali phosphatase (ALP) were higher than that in control group (P<0.001). AICD of splenic CD4+ T cells in model group was lower than that of control group (P<0.001). The mRNA of FasL and TRAIL in model mice was down-regulated. Simultaneously, the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was up-regulated in model group. Conclusion These observations suggest that a defect in AICD of auto-reactive TH1 cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PBC model. Furthermore, this defect in AICD may results from the change of Fas/FasL, TRAIL pathway and the up-regulation of Bcl-2.

Objective To investigate the cell phenotype for T cells in polyI: C induced primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)animal model.Methods 20 female C57BI/6 mice,8 weeks old,were divided into model group and control group randomly. Mice in model group and control group were injected with polyI:C at a dose of 5 ms/ks and PBS,respectively.All mice were acrificed after 16 weeks after injection, and the sections of liver specimen were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin(H.E) staining.Serum AMA and ALP were detected.CD4+,CDs8+ and NKT cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry.The level of serum IL-4 and IFN-γ were assayed by EUSA.Results PBC mouse model was developed 16 weeks fter polyI: C injection. Infiltration of lymphocytes in portal area,positive serum AMA and high level of serum ALP were observed.The ratios of CD4+ T cells in model group and control group were(25.45±11.12)% and (26.72±0.63)%,respectively(t=0.314,P>0.05).The ratios of CDs+T cells in two groups were (18.3±0.91)% and (17.8±0.58)%,espectively(t=0.226,P>0.05).No significant change Was found for CD;and CDs+T cells in mice of both groups.However,NKT cells in peripheral blood of two groups were(11.56±5.09)% and (1.26±0.53)%,respectively(t=9.504,P<0.01).The number of NKT cells in model group was more than that of control group significantly.Simultaneously,serum L-4 and IFN·γ in mice of model group were also higher than that of control group.IL4 in senlm of two groups were (22.19±2.31)pg/ml and(8.72±0.87)pg/ml,respectively(t=58.06,P<0.01).IFN-γ in serum of two groups were(3.34±0.76)ng/ml and(1.14±0.21)ng/ml,respectively(t=23.31,P<0.01).Conclusions NKT cells increase greatly in eripheral blood of polyI:C induced PBC mouse model.NKT cells may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PBC.

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with multivessel diseases treated by fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or other forms of treatment .Methods Some keywords inclu-ding FFR or fractional flow reserve ,percutaneous coronary intervention or PCI ,multivessel coronary artery disease were used to search randomized control trails(RCT) ,which compared outcomes of patients with multivessel disease treated by FFR guided PCI with other forms of treatment ,in Chinese and English database including CNKI ,VIP ,Wanfang ,Pubmed ,EMBASE and the web of science .The quality of included studies was evaluated by Jadad quality score and all the data was analyzed by stata 10 .0 .Results A total of 7 english literatures accumulating 2024 cases in experimental group and 7 284 cases in control group were included in this study .Compared with other forms of treatment ,patients with multivessel diseases treated by FFR-guided PCI had significantly low-er risk of myocardial infarction (RR=0 .72 ,P=0 .008) .Although the risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events were al-so be reduced ,there were no statistically significant difference .Conclusion FFR-guided PCI is an effective treatment for multivessel disease ,but it is still needs further verification for the application in Chinese population .

Objective:To predict and identify HLA-A * 0201 restricted CD8+ CTL epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen Ag85C, so as to provide evidence for epitope-based study for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine. Methods: The online database SYFPEITHI was applied to predict the potential HLA-A * 0201 restricted epitopes from Ag85C, an antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. T2 cell line was used to assay the affinity between the predicted peptides and HLA-A * 0201 molecules. The specific CTL lines were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A * 0201 positive TB patients and PPD+ healthy donors by peptides with high binding affinity to HLA-A * 0201 molecules. IFN-?production, in vitro proliferation and cytotoxicity of peptide-induced CTL were determined to screen HLA-A * 0201 restricted CD8+ CTL epitopes from those candidates. Results: Fourteen potential epitopes were identified from the SYFPEITHI database. After binding affinity assay, 3 of the 14 peptides (170-178 aa, 317-325 aa, and 144-153 aa) were found to have high binding affinity to HLA-A* 0201 molecules. However, only one peptide (144-153 aa) stimulated its specific CTL to release IFN-y, proliferate in vitro and produce specific cytotoxicity. Conclusion: We have successfully identified a HLA-A * 0201 restricted CD8+ CTL epitope of Mtb Ag85C-FLTREMPAWL( 144-153 aa) , which might be a candidate epitope for TB vaccine designing. Our findings provides a basis for developing novel and effective anti-TB vaccine.