Objective　To investigate the effect of congenital human cytomegalovirus（HCMV） infection on the growth of embryo and cerebral cortex. Methods　HCMV (6.0 log TCID50 in 1.0 ml/mice) was separately injected into the intraperitoneum of 10-week-old female mice on pre-mating, 3, 7, 15 gestation days. Cerebral cortices of fetuses were collected by laparotomy on 19th gestation-day just before delivery. The specimens were fixed with 4% buffered solution of paraformal dehyde. And then sectioned and stained with HE. Meanwhile, part of the specimens was used for viral isolation and HCMV DNA test by PCR. Results　In the cerebral cortex of fetal mice, it was found that the capillary was dilated and congested, and the parenchyma was infiltrated with neutrophils, monocyte for experimental group and not for control group. The degeneration, necrosis and apoptosis of neurons co-existed. The rates of virus isolation for the fetal cerebral cortex among pre-mating, 3-, 7-, 15-gestation-day groups were 60%、62%、67%、25%,respectively （χ2=13.475，P＜0.05) and the rate for 15 gestation-day group was significantly lower than others. Average weight of experimental mice for 15-gestation-day was significantly lower than control group and those for other gestation groups were not significantly different on group t-test. Conclusion　HCMV can replicate in the cerebral cortex of ICR mice, infect fetal and initiate congenital infection of cerebral cortex of fetus. In addition, embryo of different gestation stages can be infected by HCMV on experiment. HCMV delays embryo growth and causes the cerebral cortex damage.

Objective:To evaluate the role of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)patients. Methods: From 2004 to 2005,215 patients underwent CABG and there were 36 cases with LVEF0.40(normal LVEF group). Correlative data of the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically. Results: Compared with the normal EF group, the EuroSCORE of the low EF group was much higher (mean 6.4?1.7) and many more patients of the low EF group had concomitant moderate to severe mitral valve insufficiency and aneurysm that needed simultaneous surgical operation(55.6%).Two patients died in hospital(5.5%)in the low EF group whereas five patients in the normal EF group(2.8%, P

A new method has been established for simultaneous determination of anions and cations in fertilizer sample by multimodal liquid chromatography with direct conductivity detection. An Acclaim Trinity P1 column based on nanopolymer silica hybrid technology with multimodal separation functional groups reversed-phase/anion-exchange/cation-exchange was used for the analysis. The chromatographic conditions were optimized and the effect ion of eluent on retention was discussed. Eight ions ( Li+, NH+4 , K+, HCOO-, NO-2 , Cl-, NO-3 and Br-) were separated and determined simultaneously by using 25 mmol/L CH3 COONa solution containing 50% acetonitrile at pH=5. 0 as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0. 50 mL/min and the temperature was 30 ℃. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges of the method were in the range of 0 . 5-200 mg/L for all the ions with correlation coefficient of 0 . 9997-0 . 9999 . Whereas the detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range of 0. 16-1. 72 mg/L and the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=9) were in the range of 1 . 3-2 . 5%. The method was applied to the determination of anions and cations in the fertilizer samples with satisfied results and the recoveries were in the range of 95 . 8%-103 . 8%.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of STING in peripheral blood in patients with primary biliary cirrho-sis.Methods Admitted 28 PBC patients hospitalized in Shanghai Changhai Hospital and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from January 2014 to October 2015.Also enrolled 28 healthy controls.Baseline data and laboratory indicators were extrac-ted,and STING mRNA expression was determined using q-PCR.The correlation between STING and clinical parameters were analyzed.The changes of STING mRNA in 5 followed-up patients with PBC were analyzed.Results Compared with healthy controls,STING mRNA was significantly increased in PBC patients and was increased in patients with severer dis-ease stages (U=0.00,P<0.05).STING was positively correlated with Mayo risk and GGT (R=0.45,R=0.42,P<0.05),and not AST,ALT or ALP (R=0.33,0.21,0.27,P>0.05).After therapy,STING mRNA were significantly re-duced in 5 PBC patients (U=0.00,P<0.05).Conclusion STING may be involved in PBC pathogenesis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the gene polymorphism cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)-159C/T (rs2569190),and interleukin-8 (IL-8)-251A/ T (rs4073)and the susceptibility of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),to clarify the influencing factors of susceptibility of NEC and to provide genetics theory basis for the research on the pathogenesis of NEC. Methods:Total 28 newborns with NEC and 41 newborns without NEC were selected.The amplification of peripheral blood DNA was conducted by PCR.The genotypic and allelic frequencies of CD14-159C/T and IL-8-251A/T of the patients were detected by Sanger DNA sequencing method. The relationship between them and the susceptibility of NEC was studied.Results:The distribution of genotypic frequencies of CD14-159C/T and IL-8-251A/T was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P >0.05).There were no significant differences of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of CD14-159C/T,or genotypic frequencies of IL-8-251A/T between two groups (P >0.05).While in NEC group,the T allelic frequency of IL-8-251A/T site was higher than that in control group (χ2 = 4.184, P = 0.041, OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.03 - 4.46 ). Conclusion:The polymorphism of CD14-159C/T is irrelevant to the pathogeny of NEC,but T allelic frequency of IL-8-251A/T site might be related to the susceptibility of NEC.So T allele in IL-8-251A/T may be one of the danger factors of NEC.

Objective To study the evaluation between the X-ray findings and ultrasound(US) manifestations of upper digestiveobstruction in infancy.Methods X-ray and US manifestations of 20 cases of infant with upper digestive obstruction proved by operationwere analysed respectively.Results In 20 cases,12 patients had pyloric stenosis,3 duodenal stresia,3 midgut malformation,2 hiatalhernia.Pyloric stenosis was diagnosed by X-ray in 11 cases,by US in 9,misdiagnosed by US in 1 case.Duodenal stresia was observed by X-ray and US in 2 cases separately,not observed by X-ray and US in 1 case separately.Midgut malformation was demonstrated by X-ray and US in 1 case separately,not demonstrated in 2 cases separately.Hiatal hernia was found by X-ray in 2 cases,misdiagnosed by US in 2 cases.Conclusion The two methods can't substitute with each other but complement.X-ray is better than US in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis and hiatal hernia.US is better than X-ray in the diagnosis of midgut malformation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the variation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) number and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients ,and discuss the function of EPC in the progression of CVD in MHD. Methods One hundred and fifteen MHD patients over 18 years whose dialysis vintage was over six months from Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled. They were divided into CVD group and non ? CVD group by medical history, electrokardiographie (EKG), cardiac ultrasound, peripheral vascular imaging and cardiovascular imaging. Peripheral blood (5 ml) was collected for detecting EPC number by flow cytometry as CD34/CD133/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) cells. The EPC number between CVD group and non?CVD group was compared. The relationship between the decrease of EPC number and CVD risks in MHD patients was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. In a three?year follow?up, the death and new CVD events of the two groups were compared in order to discuss the relationship between EPC number and adverse events. Results Among 115 MHD patients, the average age was 61.57 ± 12.76, male/female was 71/44, the average dialysis vintage was (86.24 ± 56.31) months, the average Kt/V was 1.69 ± 0.29 and average ultrafiltration volume was (2.48 ± 0.90) L. Forty?four patients in 115 (38.3%) were with concurrent CVD. The EPC number in CVD group was significantly lower than that in non CVD group (P=0.015). The CVD group had higher serum phosphate (P=0.013), higher glycosylated hemoglobin (P<0.001), but serum calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and other indicators had no significant difference between two groups. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=1.061), history of diabetes (OR=9.796), dialysis vintage (OR=1.015), serum phosphate (OR=3.766), decrease of EPC number (OR=0.909) were the independent impact factors of CVD events in MHD patients. There were 22 patients of the 115 MHD patients had encountered a new CVD event in a three?year follow?up between December 2012 and December 2015, 9 patients from the CVD group and 13 patients from the Non?CVD group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.776). Nine patients from the CVD group and 7 patients from the Non?CVD group died in the follow?up, and there was no significant difference (P=0.111). Seventy?one MHD patients from the non?CVD group were divided into two groups by the median of EPC number. There were 3 patients in the higher EPC number group encountered CVD events and 10 patients in the lower EPC number group encountered CVD events, which had significant difference (P=0.024). Conclusion The decrease of circulating EPC number may be related with CVD events in MHD patients. Even adjusted by age, sex, diabetes, dialysis vintage and serum phosphate, decreased EPC number is still the independent risk factor of CVD events in MHD patients. The decrease of EPC number in MHD patients may be used to predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio (NLR)and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR)of peripheral blood in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods 54 patients with MG treating from Jan-uary 2013 to December 2013 in Changhai hospital and 57 healthy adults who received check-up were enrolled the study as MG group and control group.WBC count,NLR and PLR were compared between two groups and among different clinical classifications in MG patients.The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was performed to evaluate these indicators’diagnostic value for MG.Results The WBC count,NLR and PLR in MG group were (6.85±0.37)×109/L,2.48±0.19 and 118.79±6.38 respectively,which were significantly higher than (5.87±0.12)×109/L,1.59±0.06 and 102.01±3.45 in control group (P <0.05).The area under the ROC curve of WBC count,NLR and PLR were 0.559,0.717 and 0.581 respectively.PLR of MG patients with type Ⅲ or Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of patients with typeⅠ,Ⅱ(P <0.05).Conclusion NLR and PLR of MG patients increased significantly.The diagnostic value of NLR is higher,and PLR may be associated with the severity of disease.

Objective To compare the RIFLE and AKIN diagnosis criteria for acute kidney injury ( AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2004 to June 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. RIFLE and AKIN criteria were employed for the diagnosis and staging of AKI which occurred 7 d after cardiac surgery. The diagnosis sensitivity and precision for prediction of hospital mortality were compared between these two criteria. Results One thousand and fifty-six patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of AKI after cardiac surgery diagnosed by RIFLE criteria and that diagnosed by AKIN criteria (29.55% vs 31.06%, P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the total hospital mortality and the hospital mortality of each stage of AKI diagnosed by RIFLE criteria and those diagnosed by AKIN criteria ( P > 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the relative risk of hospital mortality for AKI was similar between patients diagnosed by AKIN criteria and those diagnosed by RIFLE criteria. The area under the ROC curve for hospital mortality was 0. 856 for RIFLE and 0.865 for AKIN in all patients (P<0.001). Conclusion Compared to RIFLE criteria, AKIN criteria do not improve the sensitivity of diagnosis and predictive ability of hospital mortality of AKI after cardiac surgery.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of twice-weekly hemodialysis patients.Methods Data were collected from Shanghai Renal Registry.A total of 1288 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) with dialysis adequacy index and other biochemical parameters in Shanghai in January 2007 were enrolled into the cohort study with 2 years follow-up.Clinical characteristics and outcome of twice-weekly HD patients were analyzed as compared with thrice-weekly HD patients.Results Compared with patients on thrice-weekly HD,the twice-weekly HD patients were significantly younger and had significantly shorter HD vintage,smaller body surface area,longer HD session time,higher single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and serum albumin but lower weekly Kt/V (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in ultrafiltration volume between two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that both groups had similar two-year survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age,body mass index,serum albumin and weekly Kt/V were predictors of patient mortality.Conclusion It is acceptable for some hemodialys patients with twice-weekly HD,and close monitor of dialysis adequacy and volume status is necessary for this therapy model.