Grainhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is one of the homologous genes of Drosophila granule head-like gene in mammals,which is a kind of Drosophila granule head transcription factor.In normal organisms,GRHL2 is involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation and development.In tumors,GRHL2 is complex.GRHL2 not only inhibits tumorigenesis,but it also promotes tumor formation,especially epithelial origin of malignant tumors mostly involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.Further study of the relationship between GRHL2 and tumor will provide a new idea for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.The relationship between GRHL2 and tumor is reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion on folium sennae?induced diarrhea in mice. Methods Thirty?six Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups,including control,diarrhea,ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion group(12 mice in each group). Besides the mice in control group,other mice were administrated folium sennae by gavage for 15 days to establish the diarrhea model. Then mice in ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion group received ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion by intravenously administration at a dose of 15 mL/kg daily since 6th day after intragastric administration of folium sennae for 10 days. Animals in control group and diarrhea group were intravenously adminis?tered with same volume of saline. The body weight ,general state and diarrhea index of the mice in each group were dynamically assessed. Ten days after intravenous injection,mice in every group were sacrificed and tissues were collected. Morphology of intestine mucosa was observed after HE staining. Albumin(ALB)level in plasma was evaluated by biochemical method. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression in intestine mucosa were assessed by immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with that in the diarrhea group,the general status,body weight and diarrhea index of mice in ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion group were improved significantly. Ten days after intravenously administration ,pathological change in intestine mucosa of mice in ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion group was improved significantly ,ALB level in plasma and PCNA expression in intestine mucosa were significantly increased(P<0.05)compared with that in diarrhea group. Conclusion ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion has a significant protective effect on the diarrhea of mice induced by folium sennae ,which may be related to the up?regulated expression of PCNA by ω?6 soybean oil fat emulsion.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of Ezrin and β?catenin in breast cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical staining method was adopted to detect Ezrin and β?catenin protein expression level in 145 cases of breast cancer tissues,and their correlation with clinical data and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed. Results Ezrin was expressed in 70 cases(48.3%),β?catenin was expressed in 82 cases (56.6%),and there was significantly negative correlation(r=0.267,P=0.001). The higher histologic grade of breast cancer,the higher expres?sion level of Ezrin(P=0.007),and the lower expression level of β?catenin(P<0.001). Ezrin expression level was increased significantly(P=0.027),but β?catenin expression level was reduced significantly(P=0.011)in lymph node positive breast cancer tissue. Ezrin expression was sig?nificantly correlated with shorter overall survival(P=0.004)and disease free survival(P=0.017)of breast cancer patients,but β?catenin expres?sion was significantly correlated with longer overall survival(P<0.001)and disease free survival(P=0.001)of breast cancer patients. However , Ezrin and β?catenin were not the independent risk factors of breast cancer patients as determined by multivariate Cox regression. Conclusion Ez?rin was significantly negative correlated with β?catenin in breast cancer. They play a role in the progression and poor prognosis of breast cancer , which can be used as breast cancer treatment targets.

Objective To investigate the effects of human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV) persistent in-fection on the central nervous system of BALB/c mice.Methods Thirty specific-pathogen-free mice of 6-8 weeks old were randomly divided into three groups including HCMV infected group , inactivated HCMV group and human embryo fibroblast ( HF) control group .Each mouse in the three groups was intraperitoneally inoc-ulated with 1.8 ×107 PFU of HCMV, 1.8 ×107 PFU inactivated HCMV and 1 ×105 HF cells, respectively. All mice were housed in microisolator cages for three months and their behavior and body weight were ob -served.Then three tests including autonomic activities test , Morris Water Maze and step-down passive avoid-ance task were performed on all mice to evaluate the changes of their behavior .Cerebral cortex tissues were collected from all mice to detect HCMV and to conduct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.Brain tis-sues were stained by HE method to evaluate the pathological damages .Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of neuron cells and the existence of virus particles .Results (1) The body weight of mice showed no significant differences among the three groups ( P>0 .05 ) .( 2 ) The frequency of autonomic activities were decreases in HCMV infected group in comparison with other two groups , but there was no significant differences among the three groups (P>0.05).(3)The place navigation test demonstra-ted that the escape latency of mice from HCMV infected group as well as HF group showed significant differ -ence after training for different periods of time (P<0.05).The escape latency of mice with HCMV infection was much longer than that of other two control groups (P<0.05), but the differences between two control groups were not significant (P>0.05).Compared with the mice in two control groups , the mice in HCMV infected group showed a lower frequency of crossing the quadrant where the platform had been located on pre -vious trials in the probe trial test (P<0.05).Moreover, the time of first crossings was also longer than that of mice from two control groups (P<0.05).(4)In the learning phase the mice from HCMV infected group showed a high frequency of mistakes in comparison with that from two control groups in step -down passive avoidance task (P<0.05).After 24 hours, the frequency of mistakes was decreased in each group , and the differences were significant (P<0.05).The latency was very shorter in mice from HCMV infected group than that observed in two control groups (P<0.05).(5)The HCMV infection was identified in six mice from HCMV infected group .And the positive HCMV UL83 gene could be only detected in HCMV infected group as indicated by PCR analysis .(6)The pathological changes including cell swelling , loosen cytoplasm, decreased cell layers and vacuolization were observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice from HCMV infected group .HCMV-specific intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and herpes virus like particles were detected by using transmission electron microscope .No obvious abnormalities were observed in two control groups.Conclusion HCMV persistent infection could damage the central nervous system of mice .The au-tonomic activities of mice with HCMV persistent infection were not affected , but the learning and memory ca-pability of them were damaged at some extent .

Stem cells in bone marrow are considered as an ideal sources of seed cells with the advantage of being isolation and easy proliferated in vitro,which is a prerequisite for the autotransplantation. Studies show that the cells can differentiate into neurons. However,this opinion challenges the traditional conception of cell differentiation and therefore the dispute arises. Here we review the results of research on dedifferentiation of bone marrow cells.

Objective To observe the influence of insulin therapy on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI) complicated with hyperglycaemia.Methods A total of 128 patients with ASTEMI complicated with hyperglycaemia were randomized into 2 groups:treatment group and control group.There were 64 patients(50.0％ )in the treatment group and 64 patients(50.0％ ) in the control group.All of the patients were given anticoagulants,antiplatelet drugs,statins,beta-receptor blockers,nitrates and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) Moreover,the patients in the treatment group were given extra 50 U insulin ( Novolin R) in 50 ml saline by venous infusion.In the treatment group,Venous blood samples were obtained before and 7 days after treatment to determine the fasting blood glucose and hs-CRP in serum; the levels of fasting blood glucose and hs-CRP and short-term prognosis were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe levels of fasting blood glucose in the treatment group were decreased significantly after treatment ( [ 5.4 ± 0.8 ] mmol/L vs [ 11.6 ± 2.3 ] mmol/L,P ＜0.01),but there was no significant change in the control group( [ 10.7 ± 2.1 ] mmol/L vs [ 11.2 ± 2.7]mmol/L,P ＞ 0.05 ).The levels of hs-CRP in both groups were decreased significantly after treatment (P ＜0.05),but it was much more obvious in the treatment group( [ 6.2 ± 1.5 ] mg/L vs [ 8.7 ± 1.8 ] mg/L,P ＜0.05).The incidence of major adverse cardiac events(MACE) during a 3 months′ follow-up in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( 12.50％ vs 34.38％,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Insulin therapy can improve the short-term prognosis in patients with ASTEMI complicated with hyperglycaemia.

Justified the necessity of remote pathology consultation in China, and described the basic approach of such consultation in terms of the conditions, organizational framework, specialists and consultation process of the hospital. on the basis of benefit in pationts, the consultation helps the development of the pathology department and other specialist departments at the same time, builds initially a pathology quality control system, and accelerates the multi-discipline diagnosis and treatment approach. Expect to encourage contemplation on international remote pathology consultation in an effort to improve such a practice for the benefit of patients.

Objective To discuss the risk factors of progressive hemorrhagic injury(PHI)in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods Clinical data of 149 patients with closed craniocerebral injury were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into PHI group (42 cases)and non -PHI group (107 cases)according to PHI appeared or not.The patients were immediately given CT scan after admitted,the first CT review was given in the non -PHI group within routine 4 -8h after first CT scan,and due to deterioration of clinical symptoms,the PHI group was given CT review in advance.The intracranial hematoma volume changes between first CT and first CT review in the two groups were observed,then clinical symptoms,signs,biochemical indicators and CT performance in the two groups were compared,and analyzed risk factors of PHI.Results The intracranial hematoma volume showed in CT scan,first CT review and increment volume of the PHI group were significantly higher than the non -PHI group [(14.59 ±4.60)mL vs.(7.28 ±2.94)mL,(25.92 ±8.84)mL vs.(8.35 ±3.41)mL,(10.20 ±3.45)mL vs. (2.10 ±0.65)mL],the differences were significant (t =6.796,11.894,9.367,all P <0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that pupil dilation,consciousness disturbance,intracranial hematoma volume >10mL were major risk factors of PHI (P <0.05).Conclusion In closed craniocerebral injury,we should pay more attention on PHI if patients with age >50 years old,mydriasis,conscious disturbance,intracranial hematoma volume >10mL in first CT scan.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Ezrin expression and subcellular localization of E?cadherin(E?cad),and explore the clinical significance of this relationship to pathological features such as lymph nodes metastasis in breast cancer. Methods Ninety four cases of breast cancer tissue samples with lymph node metastasis were collected. The expression of Ezrin and E?cad was detected by immunohistochemi?cal method. Results The positive rates of and E?cad and Ezrin were respectively 45.7%and 58.5%in 94 nodes positive breast cancer,containing membranal expression of E?cad(E?cadm)in 20 cases and cytoplasmic expression of E?cad(E?cadc)in 23 cases;the frequency of E?cadc positive staining was significantly higher in Ezrin(+)tissues than that in Ezrin(-)tissues(P=0.025);E?cad expression level was significantly lower in TNMⅡ?Ⅲstage cases(P=0.001),and Ezrin expression(P=0.036)and E?cadc(P=0.013)was significantly increased in bigger cases;com?pared with E?cad(+),Ezrin(-),E?cadm tissues,the number of lymph node metastasis in E?cad(-)(P=0.011),Ezrin(+)(P=0.002),E?cadc (P=0.020)tissues were increased significantly;in the order of E?cad(+)/Ezrin(-),E?cad(-)/Ezrin(-),E?cad(+)/Ezrin(+),and E?cad(-)/Ezrin(+),the number of lymph node metastasis was increased significantly(P<0.001);similarly,in the order of E?cadm/Ezrin(-),E?cadc/Ezrin(-),E?cadm/Ezrin(+),and E?cadc/Ezrin(+),the number of lymph node metastasis was increased significantly(P=0.007). Conclusion Ezrin may regulate the subcellular localization of E?cad in metastatic breast cancer ,which may affect the course of breast cancer and promote the metastasis of lymph nodes.