Objective To investigate the relationship between axon degeneration of Goll’s column system and Amyloid ? protein (A?) deposit sludge. Methods A? protein deposition in area of axon degeneration of Goll’s columns was measured by using immunohistochemical method.Results There was found strong positive round like A? deposit in the area of axon degeneration of Goll’s column system of GAD mouse. Spheroid appeared in the area of medullar nucleus of the Goll's column system at an age of 4 weeks. However the A? was negative and 9 weeks later, it became positive in partial spheroid and formed a strong round like material and became more and more standing up with age increase. The material mentioned above appeared consistently progressive in degeneration of axon in sequence.Conclusion It was suggested that the deposition of A? should be the result secondary to degeneration of nervous axon and be closely correlated with axon degeneration.

Objective To investigate the relationship between impaired glucose test and insulin resistance in pregnancy. Methods Ninety-three pregnant women who had one abnormal result among 4 of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 179 pregnant women who had normal results of OGTT from 11 hospitals of Shanghai during May 1999 to Aug 1999 were included. Insulin release test were performed at the same time. Insulin sensitive index (ISI), islet secretive function index (IFI) were calculated. Area under sugar curve (SAUC)?area under insulin curve (IAUC)?ISI? IFI?fast plasma sugar(PGO) and fast plasma insulin (INO) were compared between two groups. Results PGO, INO, SAUC, IAUC and ISI of the IGT group and control group were(5.1?1.0)mmol/L vs(4.3?0.4)mmol/L?(142?77) pmol/L vs (114?40)pmol/L?(1186?437) pmol/L vs (1058?407)pmol/L?(23?4) mmol/L vs (18?3)mmol/L and 30?20 vs 22?24 respectively, the differences were significant(P0.05). Conclusions Insulin resistance is one of the causes of impaired glucose test in pregnancy.

Objective To investigate whether insulin resistance is a cause of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Methods All patients who had abnormal 50g glucose screening test accepted 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin sensitive index (ISI) was calculated. These patients were followed up and divided into two groups (PIH group and normal pregnancy group) at third trimester of pregnancy. The difference of ISI between the PIH group and normal pregnancy group was compared. Results Fast blood glucose, fast blood insulin and ISI were (4.2?0.7)mmol/L vs. (3.8?0.7)mmol/L, (107.8?48.8)pmol/L vs. (50.4?40.5)pmol/L, and -3.25?0.27 vs. -2.58?0.66 in PIH group and normal group, respectively ( P 0.05). Conclusions Insulin resistance during second trimester of pregnancy may be one of the causes of pregnancy induced hypertension.

Objective To investigate the value of retraction phenomenon in coronal plane at threedimensional ultrasonography(3D-US) in preoperative assessment of prognostic factors in breast cancer.Methods Surgical resection specimens of 66 malignant breast lesions in 66 women who had undergone 3D-US were included.The presence of the retraction phenomenon in the coronal plane was evaluated.Pathologic prognostic factors,including tumor size,histologic grade,lymph node status,estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status,and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Cerb-B2) and p53 expression were determined.Correlation of the retraction phenomenon and prognostic factors was analyzed.Results The retraction phenomenon was correlated to the tumor size,histologic grade,and estrogen and progesterone receptor status.Compared with the breast cancer without the retraction phenomenon,the tumor foci with the retraction phenomenon were more likely to show a smaller diameter less than 2 cm (73.7％ vs 46.4％,P ＜0.05),a lower histologic grade with grade Ⅱ (88.2％ vs 42.9％,P ＜0.01),and a higher positive rate of ER and PR (86.8 ％ vs 64.3 ％,P ＜0.05;81.6 ％ vs 57.1％,P ＜0.05).The lymph node status and the expression of the CerB-2 and p53 in the two groups had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusions The retraction phenomenon in the coronal plane of three-dimensional US may be useful in the noninvasive prediction of prognostic factors of breast cancers.

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of Hsf 1 on PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cells proliferation.Methods: By shRNA gene silencing technology ,constructed PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cell line of Hsf 1 gene silencing.To detect the expression of Hsf 1, p53 and Rb proteins in PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cells by Western blot.The proliferation of PLC/PRF5 cell line was observed by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay ( MTT ) , plate clone formation assay ( PCFA ) and cell cycle assay.Results: shRNA-Hsf1 could significantly inhibit the expression of Hsf 1 in PLC/PRF5 cells.It could induce PLC/PRF5 cells stopping at G1 phase of cell cycle , inhibit cell proliferation and colonal formation;silencing Hsf1 caused up-regulation of p53 and Rb proteins expression in PLC/PRF5 cells.Conclusion: Silencing Hsf1 is involved in up-regulation of p53 and Rb proteins expression , which results in inhibiting proliferation of PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cells.

Objective To compare sleep electroencephalogram-modulated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (SEM-rTMS) with routine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (R-rTMS) in the treatment of primary insomnia. Methods One hundred and twenty six patients with insomnia were divided randomly into a SEM-rTMS group (44 cases) , a R-rTMS group (42 cases) and a sham rTMS group (40 cases). Each case was treated with rTMS for 30 min once a day for 10 d under double blinding of the patient and therapist. The clinical effect was observed along with Krakow sleep scores, electroencephalograms and blood pressure before and after a 10-day course of therapy and 30 days later. Results During rTMS treatment, some patients reported feeling sleepy, and this was confirmed by their EEGs at the time. After the entire course of therapy, 80% of the SEM-rTMS group and 45% of the R-rTMS group showed improvements, a significant difference. At the 30th day after therapy, the effect in the SEM-rTMS group was still significantly better than in the R-rTMS group. There were no obvious side effects in any group throughout the whole observation period. Conclusions SEM-rTMS is more effective and more reliable than R-rTMS. SEM-rTMS is safe to use with primary insomnia patients.

A novel electrochemiluminescence ( ECL) method for the determination of L-cysteine ( L-Cys) was established. water-soluble CdS quantum dots ( QDs) with Cd2+rich surface were synthesized via a controllable one-poe approach. The mercapto group in L-cysteine molecule can specifically interact with excessive Cd2+on the surface of CdS QDs, resulting in enhancement of ECL intensity of the CdS QDs, which can be used for the detection of L-Cys. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the enhancement of ECL intensity was linear with the concentration of L-Cys in the range of 5. 0×10-9-1. 0×10-5 mol/L. The limit detection of (S/N=3) was 1. 2×10-9 mol/L. In comparison with other methods for detecting L-Cys, this method is more simple and selective, and can be applied to detect L-Cys in real sample with satisfactory results.

Objective To analyze the background and connotation of the maker education 2.0 and the innovativeness of the nursing maker education 2.0, and put forward the blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0. Methods The present situations of the maker education 2.0 and the connections between the maker education 2.0 and the nursing education were analyzed through documents and descriptive research, and the blended teaching program of the nursing maker education 2.0 was designed through exploratory research. Results Maker education 2.0 has gradually became an important way to cultivate students' innovation ability, and all kinds of schools tried to implement the maker education 2.0, but there has not been relevant research reports in nursing. Conclusions The blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0 can triggerthe reform of the nursing education. We should research the developmental mechanism and supporting theory, etc. of the nursing maker education 2.0 to explore much further for more knowledge about its application results.

Background Recent researches show that oxidative stress is involved in the progress of keratoconus.Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway plays a critical role in the defense against oxidative stress,but its function in keratoconus is unclear.Objective To investigate the differences of Nrf2-ARE signaling activation and matrix degenerating enzymes between keratoconus and normal corneal stromal cells.Methods Corneal stromal cells were isolated from keratoconus and normal cornea by using dispase and collagenase digestion.The cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic in vivo oxidative stress condition.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by fluorescence substrate DCHF-DA incubation.Nrf2 level and the expression of Nrf2-ARE downstream antioxidant genes were analyzed by Western blot and real-time quantitative-PCR(RT-qPCR).The activity of matrix degenerating enzymes,including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-uPA receptor (uPAR) system and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were assessed by Western blot and gelatin zymography respectively.Results In normal culture,keratoconus corneal stromal cells assumed increased basal ROS and Nrf2 level when compared with normal cells(t =18.155,P＜0.01).However,after H2O2 treatment,the keratoconus corneal stromal cells showed increased ROS production,while decreased Nrf2 translocation and no significant difference in expression levels of Nrf2-ARE downstream antioxidant genes (Nrf2:t =62.123,P＜ 0.01 ; (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinine oxidoreductase-1 [NQO-1]:t =2.209,P =0.092 ; hemo oxygenase-1 [HO-1]:t =0.293,P =0.784 ; superoxide dismutase [SOD2]:t =0.749,P =0.495).The contents of uPA-uPAR and the activity of MMP-2 also showed a higher level in keratoconus corneal stromal cells than normal cells,with significant differences between them (t =19.164,15.458,4.818,all at P＜0.01).Conclusions The defect of Nrf2-ARE signaling activation exists in the keratoconus corneal stromal cells,and correlats with the abnormal expression level of stromal degeneration enzymes,which suggests that the defect of Nrf2-ARE signaling activation may be involved in the progression of keratoconus.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can accelerate neovascularization and, as a multifunctional cytokine, performs critical functions via its receptors in angiogenesis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of VEGF and its receptor FLT-1 and FLK-1 mRNA during the early stage of acute focal cerebral brain ischemia, and examine the relationship between the timing and location of their expressions.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Neurology of the First Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University and Teaching and Research Section of Pathology, Bethune Medical College of Jilin University.MATERIALS: This study was carried out between June 2001 and April 2002. Totally 130 adult SD rats were selected, with male and female in half, and randomly divided into normal control group (n=10), sham operation group (n=10), and cerebral ischemia group (n=110). The rats in cerebral ischemia group were further divided equally into 11 subgroups and examined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 24, 48 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after cerebral ischemia model establishment, respectively.METHODS: Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats in cerebral ischemia group by ligation of the left common carotid artery, while the rats in the sham operation group received no artery ligation but with identical other treatments. The rats in the control group did not have any treatment. Reverse transcriptional (RT) PCR was used to detect the expression of VEGF and its receptor mRNA at different time points after ischemic model establishment, and neovascularization in the rats'brain was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expression of VEGF and its receptor mRNA and ② neovascularization in the brain tissue at different time points of cerebral ischemia.RESULTS: Data of the 130 mice were statistically analyzed without losses.At 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours of ischemia, the number of cells positive for VEGF expression was 31.13±2.21, 43.11±2.43, 85.41±2.75 and 98.66±1.76 in each vision filed in the surrounding ischemic region, greater than the numbers in the central ischemic region at the corresponding time points (13.32±1.31, 19.40±3.22, 47.63±2.45, 57.32±3.35 in each vision field, respectively, P ＜ 0.05). VEGF mRNA expression gradually decreased since 48 hours after model establishment till recovering the control level by 2weeks. The expression of VEGF receptor FLT-1 mRNA, determined by the number of positive cells in each vision field at 3, 6, 24, and 48 hour after the ischemia in each vision field for FLK-1 mRNA at these time points in the peripheral ischemic regions, higher than those in the central ischemic regions (P ＜ 0.05), which recovered the control level 3 weeks after the ischemia (P ＜ 0.05). At 48 hours and 1 week after the ischemia, the number of microvessels in each vision field was 47.2±2.11 and 199.2±3.45 in the peripheral ischemic region, significantly higher than the number in the central ischemic region (29.4±2.37 and 76.6±4.62, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: VEGF and its receptors FLT-1 and FLK-1 mRNA are expressed in the neurons, glial cells and endothelial cells during the early stage of acute focal cerebral ischemia, and the expressions are significantly enhanced in response to ischemia, exhibiting temporal and spatial expression patterns.