Objective To summarize the advancement of breast cancer stem cells and genotyping and analyze the correlation between the two.Methods Relevant literatures about breast cancer stem cells and genotyping,which were published recently were collected and reviewed.Results Cancer stem cell origin theory was supported by researches of correlation between breast cancer stem cells and genotyping,which also explained the complexity of intrinsic subtypes and heterogeneity of breast cancer.Conclusions A new way can be detected to study the formation mechanism and biological characteristics of breast cancer at the cellular and molecular level by researches of correlation between breast cancer stem cells and genotyping,which are expected to provide new strategies and tools for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

Objective :To observate the axon changes in pathology of Ola mice,compared with those of 6Jmice. Methods:The peroneal nerve and sural nerve were studied by light-microscope and electronmi-croscope. Results :In light-microscope,the total transverse fascicular area was significantly large ;density ofmyelinated fibers was significantly less;the maximal diameter of myelinated fibers was significantly less;minimal diameter of myelinated fibers had no changens in 6J mice. The Ola mice were nomal. In electronmi-croscope observation, the neurofilament was accumulated within axons. Conclusion: In Ola mice treatedwith ACR,the like-Wallerian degeneration wes delayed. However,in 6J mice the neurofilament and mito-chondria accumulation was found within axons.

BACKGROUND:Ola rats is a kind of rats with genovariation, who displays Wallerian degeneration after peripheral neuroaxonal damage that is slower than that normal 6J rats, thereby additional damage factor may help fully understand the property of Ola rats.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acrylamide on the degeneration and regeneration of sciatic nerve medullated fibers following crush injury of C57BL/Ola (Ola) rat and C57BL/6J (6J) rat.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology,Second People's hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Neurology of First hospital of Jilin University MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the neurological department in the University of Occupational and Environmental, Japan from January to June 1996. Twelve adult Ola rats and 6J rats were adopted and evenly randomly divided into experimental group and comparison group.METHODS: Rats were subjected to general anaesthesia, and then the proximal section of sciatic nerve was exposed and frustrated with hemostatic forceps for 10 s before suture. Rats in the experimental group were given intraperitoneal injection of acrylamide in a total dosage of 350 mg, which replaced by the same volume of physiological saline in comparison group.At 14 days after sciatic nerve torsion injury, all rats were anaesthetized again and the distal section of sciatic nerve was obtained and cut into slices, meanwhile the cross sectional area, the density and size frequency distribution of medullated fibers, as well as the number of medullated fibers in each nerve were determined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The density and size frequency distribution of sciatic nerve medullated fibers, as well as the number, the maximum diameter and the mean diameter of medullated fibers in two group of 0la rats and 6J rats.RESULTS: Totally 12 Ola rats and 6J rats entered the result analysis.① No Ola rat displayed Wallerian degeneration; But medullated fiber degeneration and following neonatal small diameter medullated fibers could be observed in 6J rats. ②In the experimental group, the total density of sciatic nerve medullated fibers in 6J rats was lower than that of Ola rat (P ＜ 0.05) ;with the total number of medullated fibers in 6J rats also less than that of Ola rat (P ＜ 0.01 ), which predominated by obviously reduced big diameter fibers (P ＜ 0.01); The mean diameter of medullated fiber in 6J rats was also obviously smaller than that of 0la rat (P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: The Wallerian degeneration is extremely slow in Ola rat after torsion injury, which cannot be affected by acrylamide; while acrylamide has obvious inhibition on the axonal neogenesis in 6J rat after torsion injury.

OBJECTIVE: To Study the personality characteristics in patients with sudden deafness. METHOD: Thirty-eight sudden deafness patients and 45 healthy volunteers were assessed by Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ). RESULT: The standard scores of P, E, N dimensions of patients with sudden deafness were greater than healthy volunteers. The standard score in L dimensions of patients with sudden deafness was less than healthy volunteers. The difference of the standard score of P dimension revealed statistical significance (P < 0.05). The difference of the standard score of N dimension revealed statistical significance (P < 0.01). The difference of the standard scores of E, L dimensions revealed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Sudden deafness patients have emotional instability and psychoticism personality characteristics.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personality ; Young Adult

Objective　To observe the differential pathological changes in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in Ola mice and 6J mice after acrylamide intoxication. Methods　Purkinje cells were studied by light microscope and electron microscope. Results　Under light microscope,Purkinje cells in 6J mice were densely stained and irregular in cell shape.Under electron microscope,parts of the plasma membrane projection containing some smooth tubular endoplasmic reticula were found occasionally,and the membrane became split and thickened.These abnormal changes were not found in Ola mice. Conclusion　Acrylamide intoxication may induce pathological changes in Purkinje cells of 6J mice which may be the pathological basis of ataxia.

Objective　To observe the differential pathological changes in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in Ola mice and 6J mice after acrylamide intoxication. Methods　Purkinje cells were studied by light microscope and electron microscope. Results　Under light microscope,Purkinje cells in 6J mice were densely stained and irregular in cell shape.Under electron microscope,parts of the plasma membrane projection containing some smooth tubular endoplasmic reticula were found occasionally,and the membrane became split and thickened.These abnormal changes were not found in Ola mice. Conclusion　Acrylamide intoxication may induce pathological changes in Purkinje cells of 6J mice which may be the pathological basis of ataxia.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1, ALDH1A1 or RALDH1), an enzyme responsible for the oxidation of intracellular aldehydes, was shown to have a function in the early differentiation of stem cells. Its activity shows promising potential as a universal marker for the identification and isolation of normal stem cells and cancer stem cells from multiple sources in a variety of tissue types. Herein, we review the available data reporting the utilization of ALDH1 activity as a means to identify and isolate normal stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications, with a special focus on the mammary gland and breast cancer. The research opportunity in this area of interest is emphasized.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Retinal Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of brain energy metabolism following acrylamide (ACR) poisoning.

METHODSCreatie kinase (CK), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate(ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP) and glucose contents in brain were observed in O1a mice and 6J mice following ACR intoxication by enzyme analytical method.

RESULTSATP, CK and glucose levels decreased transiently in O1a mice, while ATP level in 6J mice was significantly decreased (1.76 mumol/g, P < 0.01), as compared to the control (2.53 mumol/g) but ADP and AMP were increased, glucose was decreased. The activity of CK in poisoned group (1.13 mumol/g, P < 0.01) was lower than that of control (3.16 mumol/g and lasted for 5 weeks).

CONCLUSIONThe influence of ACR on O1a mice was slight and reversible but on 6J mice was severe and lasting. There was severe damage to the potential energy supply compensation, which might be the biochemical basis of neuron damage induced by acrylamide.

Acrylamide ; poisoning ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; analysis ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Creatine Kinase ; analysis ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Glucose ; analysis ; Mice

Objective To investigate the association between IL-22 and the pathogenesis of coronary artery atherosclerosis(AS).Methods The relative expression of IL-22 mRNA in PBMC from 30 AS patients and 8 patients without any signs of coronary artery stenosis was detected by RT-PCR.Serum IL-22 levels of 22 patients without any signs of coronary artery stenosis and 79 AS patients were detected by ELISA.CRL-1730 cells(human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were stimulated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) at different dosage for 24 h,and the expression of IL-22R1 was detected by flowcytometry.The proliferation ability of CRL-1730 cells treated with IL-22(20 ng/ml) and/or ox-LDL(100 μg/ml)was measured by MTS assay,and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) was detected by RTPCR and ELISA.Results Decreased IL-22 expression in PBMC and serum was observed as worsen of AS.The expression of IL-22R1 in ox-LDL treated CRL-1730 cells was increased in dose dependent manner.OxLDL decreased proliferation ability,as well as bFGF expression and releasing,of CRL-1730 cells.This effect of ox-LDL was partially rescued by IL-22.Conclusion IL-22 may have anti-atherosclerosis effect.This effect may be mediated by regulating bFGF expression and endothelial cells proliferation ability in the presence of IL-22.

Objective To investigate the difference of spatial working memory among first-episode patients with deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Methods The study recruited 116 first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizo-phrenia, and 60 normal controls. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptoms of patients and Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) was used to divide schizophrenia patients into deficit group (28 patients) and nondeficit group (88 patients). Spatial Working Memory (SWM) test from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automat-ed Battery (CANTAB) was used to test the spatial working memory function. Results Adjusted for age, gender and years of education, there were significant differences in the performance of between errors of 4 boxes (P=0.03), between errors of 6 boxes (P=0.01), between errors of 8 boxes (P=0.03), total errors (P=0.01) and strategy (P<0.01) between deficit and nondef-icit patients, and both groups were poorer than the control group. The SWM of deficit and nondeficit patients has no corre-lation with the negative symptoms (P>0.05). Conclusion The impairment of SWM was more severe in deficit schizophrenia patients than in nondeficit patients at early stage of the disease, suggesting they are different subtypes of schizophrenia.