Due to their biological and physiological importance, flavonoids received considerable attention in the literature. This review discusses the widely used analytical method i.e. capillary electrophoresis (CE) including the chiral flavonoids separation and the hyphenation of CE and MS. Techniques used for enhancement of sensitivity such as stacking, sweeping, isotachophoresis etc. were also discussed.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of serum cystatin C (sCys C),urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin(uNGAL) and interleukin-18 (uIL-18)in early diagnosis of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (Sepsis) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and difference post-replacement volume in CRRT.Methods Total of 71 patients admitted to the intensive care unit during from July 2012 to April 2016 were included in the current prospective study.The patients were assigned into the CRRT and non-CRRT groups based on whether the patients were accepted the CRRT.sCys C,uNGAL,uIL-18,serum creatine,blood urea nitrogen and leukocyte were measured on the day of admission.We collected blood and urinary samples at different time points (12h,24h)in order to measure sCys C,uNGAL,uIL-18 when the patients accepted difference post-replacement volume(2L/h and 4L/h) in CRRT.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether sCysC,uNGAL and uIL-18 levels were independent predictors of Sepsis complicated with AKI.A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the ROC curve(AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive strength of sCys C,hNGAL and uIL-18.Results Compared to the Non-CRRT subjects,the age,the gender,Scr,BUN,WBC in the subjects of the CRRT group were of no significant diffience,but the levels of sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 were significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05).sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 achieved the AUC of 0.905(95％CI:0.831-0.979,P=0.000),0.926(95％CI:0.862-0.991,P=0.000),0.897(95％CI:0.827 -0.967,P =0.000),respectively,for predicting the development of Sepsis complicated with AKI.No significant differences were noted between 2L/h group with 4L/h group at the beginning of CRRT.The levels of sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 decreased significantly in 2L/h and 4L/h groups at different time points (12h,24h) during CRRT.The levels of sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 in 4L/h group had decreased more significantly than 2L/h group at the 24h time point.Conclusion The authors consider that sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 are both independent predictors of Sepsis complicated with AKI in CRRT.uNGAL has a better predictive value in early prediction of Sepsis complicated with AKI in CRRT.There was more significant treatment effect in the post-replacement volume of 4L/h after 24h treatment in CRRT.

OBJECTIVETo compare the pharmaceutical properties and the anti-tumor activities of three kinds of stealth liposomes prepared with different phospholipid composition containing brucine.

METHODStealth liposomes with different phospholipids composition, such as soybean phosphatidycholine (SPC), hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and the complex of SPC and HSPC, were prepared by ammonium sulfate transmembrane gradient method. Pharmaceutical properties such as shape, encapsulation efficiency and size of three stealth liposomes were compared intensively. Anti-tumor activity of SPC, HSPC and novel stealth liposomes composed of both SPC and HSPC were compared by established mouse liver cancer H22 model. Meanwhile, the mice body weight and immune organ weight were also compared.

RESULTThe encapsulation efficiency of novel, SPC and HSPC stealth liposomes were 77.7%, 64.8% and 74.8%, respectively. The mean diameters of them were less than 100 nm. The tumor inhibition rate of novel, HSPC and SPC stealth liposomes were 57.88%, 49.15%, 23.37%, respectively. The mice body weight, thymus gland index of three stealth liposomes group and spleen index of novel stealth liposomes group had no significant difference with the negative group while SPC and HSPC stealth liposomes group increased the spleen index.

CONCLUSIONPhospholipids composition is the key factor which determines the antitumor activity of brucine-loaded stealth liposomes.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liposomes ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Mice ; Particle Size ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Strychnine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.