Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)in the patients with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.Methods Twenty-seven COPD patients with pulmonary fibrosis and thirty patients with COPD who were diagnosed from July 2001 to October 2010 were analyzed for their clinical symptoms,physical signs,pulmonary function,arterial blood-gas,radiographic features,CT and high resolution computed tomography(HRCT)of the chest.Results The clinical features of COPD with pulmonary fibrosis shared that of the two diseases.Eighteen cases of COPD with pulmonary fibrosis had mixed ventilatory dysfunction(P ＜ 0.01).COPD were all obstructive ventilatory dysfunction(P ＜ 0.01).For arterial blood-gas test,PF-COPD showed progressing hypoxemia and little PaCO2 retention,but no significant difference was observed.Chest X-ray showed that 30 cases in the COPD group had an increased anteroposterior diameter of the thorax,while it was 14 cases in the PF-COPD group(P ＜0.05).Twenty four cases in the PF-COPD group showed nodular,meshy or honeycomb-like lesions,but none in COPD group(P ＜ 0.01).Chest CT and HRCT showed that there were higher chances of frosted glass-like and grid-like nodular lesions in the lungs of PF-COPD group than in COPD group(9 vs.0,19 vs.0 ;x2 =10.85,17.36,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis sharing the clinical features of both diseases.Chest HRCT can provide important information for clinical diagnosis.

The characters of the chemical structure of CM-chitosan were studied, by assay the content of the N, carboxylation, Primary amine and DEPT,13C-NMR of CM-chitosan.

BACKGROUND:The main treatment of lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis is the surgery, in a broader attempt to decompression, reduction, fixation and fusion of the lesioned segments. The golden standard of the treatment is biological fusion, while internal fixation is a reliable assistance for fusion therapy. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To discuss the clinical value and curative effect of intervertebral fusion cage combined with pedicle screw systems for the treatment of lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis. ＜br> METHODS:From March 2010 to March 2013, 21 cases of isthmic spondylolisthesis were treated with intervertebral fusion cage combined with pedicle screw systems, including 18 cases of spondylolisthesis of degree II and 3 cases of spondylolisthesis of degree III. Al patients were fol owed up regularly, taking JOA lumbago score and visual analog scale score as the objective evaluation criteria of pain in postoperative fol ow-ups. The curative effect was assessed by Macrab standard, and the functional recovery was evaluated based on indicators such as Prolo, and the spinal fusion rate was assessed according to Lenke criteria. Changes of slippage rate, slippage angle, sacral inclination angle and intervertebral space post height in preoperative and postoperative periods were evaluated by iconography data. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 21 patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis were fol owed up for 12-16 months. JOA lumbago score and vasual analog scale score of al patients were improved after treatment, and the difference was statistical y significant compared with before treatment (P=0.000). According to Macrab evaluation criteria, there were 17 excellent cases and 4 good cases. Each indicator evaluated by preoperative Prolo activities and symptom grading showed significant differences in preoperative and postoperative periods (P=0.003). Postoperative lumbar spondylolisthesis was basical y reset, the slippage angle was significantly reduced, the sacral inclination angle was increased, and the height of the intervertebral space was recovered basical y. Intervertebral fusion cage combined with pedicle screw systems was one of the effective strategies to treat lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene expression and astrocyte activation.Methods Twenty neonatal 3-day-old male SD rats were used for culture of the astrocytes.The astrocytes were divided into Group A (activated,non-transfected astrocytes),Group B (activated,transfected astrocytes),Group C (unactivated astrocytes) and Group D (activated,empty plasmid transfected astrocytes) according to the random number table,with 5 rats per group.The cell proliferation rate in each group was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) ;TERT expression by immunocytochemical method; expressions of TERT and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) genes by RT-PCR assay.Results Astrocytic proliferation ability in Group B lowered significantly as compared with that in Groups A,D and C (F =43.418,P ＜ 0.01).Expressions of TERT and GFAP mRNAs in Groups A and D were significantly higher than those in Group B and C,and no significant difference was found between Groups A and D.Besides,there was a linear correlation between mRNAs expressions of both genes in Groups A and D (r =0.701,0.704,P ＜ 0.01),while no significant linear correlation was observed in Groups B and C (r =0.260,P ＞ 0.05).Expressions of TERT and GFAP proteins in Groups A and D were markedly higher than those in Groups B and C and no significant difference was found between Groups A and D.Conclusion TERT genes are involved in the activation of astrocytes and exert effect on promoting the activation of astrocytes.

Objective To explore the risk factors of inguinal metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, screening lymph node metastasis high-risk patients. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 81 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were analyzed retrospectively. Age at presentation ranged from 27 to 81 years with a median of 49 years. Course of disease within one year of patients with 46 cases (56.8%), 1 year above 35 eases (43.2 %). Seventyfive patients underwent bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection, and 6 patients had unilateral inguinal lymph node dissection. Clinical stage of the primary tumor was assigned according to the 2002 TNM staging system. Variables included patients' age, redundant prepuce and/or phimosis, tumor site,size, number, macroscopic growth pattern, histological grade, inguinal physical examination and the size of inguinal lymph nodes. Results Of the 81 patients, 42 (51.9%) were staged as pN+ and 39 (48. 1%) as pN0. Metastases occurred in 32.0% (16/50) of G1, 78.3% (18/23) of G2 and 100. 0%(8/8) of G3 cases, with significant differences among them (P= 0. 015). According to the inguinal lymph node physical examination results, 63 were staged as clinically node-positive (cN+) and 18 as clinically node-negative (cN0). Metastases occurred in 63. 5% (40/63) of cases of cN+, as compared with 11.1% (2/18) of cases of cN0(P=0. 012). At a median follow up of 40 months (ranged 2-127 months), the 5-year disease free survival rates for positive and negative inguinal lymph nodes metastasis were 71.4% and 92.3%, respectively (P=0. 005) , and the 5-year cancer specific survival rates were 79.0% and 91.4%, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusions Inguinal physical examination and histological grade were the strongest predictors of inguinal metastasis. The patients with inguinal lymph nodes metastasis have lower 5-year disease free survival rates and cancer specific survival rates,and should receive positive treatment measures.

The medical assistance system plays a backup role in China's multi-level medical security system,and has achieved important phased results in improving the accessibility and affordability of medical services for disadvantaged groups.However,there is still insufficient protection for medical assistance in China,and the phenomenon of"poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness"still exists.Therefore,it summarizes and analyzes the current development status of China's medical assistance system by reviewing national policy documents and analyzing local situations,summarizes and analyzes the existing problems,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions.

The medical assistance system plays a backup role in China's multi-level medical security system,and has achieved important phased results in improving the accessibility and affordability of medical services for disadvantaged groups.However,there is still insufficient protection for medical assistance in China,and the phenomenon of"poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness"still exists.Therefore,it summarizes and analyzes the current development status of China's medical assistance system by reviewing national policy documents and analyzing local situations,summarizes and analyzes the existing problems,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions.

The medical assistance system plays a backup role in China's multi-level medical security system,and has achieved important phased results in improving the accessibility and affordability of medical services for disadvantaged groups.However,there is still insufficient protection for medical assistance in China,and the phenomenon of"poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness"still exists.Therefore,it summarizes and analyzes the current development status of China's medical assistance system by reviewing national policy documents and analyzing local situations,summarizes and analyzes the existing problems,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions.

The medical assistance system plays a backup role in China's multi-level medical security system,and has achieved important phased results in improving the accessibility and affordability of medical services for disadvantaged groups.However,there is still insufficient protection for medical assistance in China,and the phenomenon of"poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness"still exists.Therefore,it summarizes and analyzes the current development status of China's medical assistance system by reviewing national policy documents and analyzing local situations,summarizes and analyzes the existing problems,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions.

The medical assistance system plays a backup role in China's multi-level medical security system,and has achieved important phased results in improving the accessibility and affordability of medical services for disadvantaged groups.However,there is still insufficient protection for medical assistance in China,and the phenomenon of"poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness"still exists.Therefore,it summarizes and analyzes the current development status of China's medical assistance system by reviewing national policy documents and analyzing local situations,summarizes and analyzes the existing problems,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions.