Objective:To explore the closed fog mirror in evaluation of velopharyngeal incompetence. Methods:A self-developed closed fog mirror was and used to evaluate for the velopharyngeal compentence and to determine the extent of velopharyngeal compentence according to the map on the fog mirror from nasal air emission and to grade the velopharyngeal compentence from the shape and size of the fog on the mirror. Then choose the right treatment method: speech therapy or pharyngoplasty. Results:The closed-fog-mirror determined different types of velopharyngeal compentence. Conclusion:The closed fog mirror is simple and objective in evaluation of velopharyngeal incompetence.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of Huayu Xiaozhong Decoction (HXD) on preventing peri-operative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in lower limbs following artificial total hip replacement. Methods Ninety cases following artificial total hip replacement were randomized into blank control group, Rivaroxaban group and HXD group, 30 cases in each group, and were treated with brown sugar water, Rivaroxaban, HXD respectively. Before operation, and one, 3 and 14 days after operation, we monitored the changes of bleeding volume, DVT incidence, hemoglobin, prothrombin time ( PT) , activated partial thromboplastin time ( APTT) , international normalized ratio (INR), and D-dimer (DD) in the three groups. Results (1) Fifteen cases had DVT, with a total incidence rate of 16.67%. Of the 15 cases, 10 were from blank control group, 2 from Rivaroxaban group, and 3 from HXD group. ( 2) The amount of bleeding volume of Rivaroxaban group was larger than that of the blank control group and HXD group (P<0.05), but the bleeding was mild. (3) One, 3 and 14 days after operation, PT and APTT were shortened in blank control group (P<0.01 compared with those before operation). PT, APTT and INR were prolonged, and coagulation function was improved in Rivaroxaban group and HXD group, the differences being significant as compared with the blank control group ( P<0.05). HXD group had better effect on improving INR than Rivaroxaban group ( P<0.05). ( 4) In the three groups, hemoglobin level began to decrease on postoperative day one, arrived to the bottom on postoperative day 3 (P<0.05), and rose up near to the normal level on postoperative day 14; HXD group had higher hemoglobin level than blank control group and Rivaroxaban group on postoperative day 3 and 14 ( P<0.05). The 3 groups had higher plasma DD level than the normal level before the operation, arrived to the highest level on postoperative day one and 3 ( P<0.05) , and fell down near to the normal level on postoperative day 14. The inter-group comparison results showed that Rivaroxaban group and HXD group had lower DD level than the blank control group on postoperative day 3 and 14 ( P<0.05). Conclusion HXD is effective on preventing DVT in the peri-operation period through reducing bleeding, increasing hemoglobin level and improving postoperative anemia. The efficiency and safety of HXD are similar to Rivaroxaban.

Objective:To investigate the impact of the CD4+CD25nt/hiCD127lo regulatory T cell subset frequency on the immune status and disease progression of Chinese HIV-1 infected individuals.Methods:83 untreated HIV-infected individuals and 312 healthy control individuals of four distinct age groups were enrolled in the research. The CD4+ T cell absolute counts, phenotypes and frequency determination of CD4+CD25nt/hiCD127lo Regulatory T cell subsets was performed on freshly obtained whole blood samples by 3-color immune staining flow cytometry. The HIV-1 specific cellular immune function was test at single cell level by ELISpot. The corresponding plasma viral load was determined by NASBA.Results:The frequency of peripheral CD4+CD25nt/hiCD127lo regulatory T cells of HIV infected individuals in distinct disease progression status was dissimilar in China , and significantly increased in contrast to the healthy controls(P

Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

OBJECTIVETo study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation.

METHODSA community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking.

RESULTSAfter adjusting the potential confounders of age, age of smoking initiation, marital status, profession, and education, the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ, followed by psychological image, automatic, hand-mouth activity, indulgence, and addiction.

CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

Adult ; Behavior, Addictive ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Smoking ; psychology ; Smoking Cessation ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention ; Surveys and Questionnaires