Objective To investigate the mechanism of albtrans retinoic acid (atRA)attenuating cardiac allograft vasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis. Methods With inbred Wistar rats as donors and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as recipients, heterotopic heart transplantation model was rejection group received same doses of cyclosporine A for 60 days. Grafts were removed on the day 60 post-transplant. Paraffin-embedded sections of cardiac allograft were stained with Masson's trichrome and Van Gieson for examination of myocardial fibrosis and vascular stenosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe CD68 positive cell infiltration. Platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A)mRNA was detected by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The index of fibrosis in chronic rejection group and atRA-treated group was 64. 0 ± 11.9 and 34. 7 ±6. 3 respectively with the significant difference (P<0. 01). Chronic rejection all,grafts showed severe vessel disease. The luminal occlusion index of coronary arteries in chronic rejection group was 62. 9 4± 17. 2, and 40. 1± 8. 2 in atRA-treated group with significant difference (P<0. 01). CD68-positive cell count in atRA-treated group and chronic rejection group was 17. 6 4± 4. 2 and 32. 1 ± 9. 3 with significant difference (P<0. 01). The relative expression levels of PDGF-A mRNA in atRA-treated group and chronic rejection group were 0. 46 ± 0. 08 and 0. 94 4±0. 11 respectively with significant difference (P<0. 01). Conclusion AtRA attenuates cardiac all,graft vasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis. The effects might be induced by inhibition of CD68 positive cell infiltration and PDGF-A mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of PDGF-A on cardiac allograft vasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis in rats.Methods By using inbred Wistar rats as donors,and Sprague Dawley (SD)rats as recipients,heterotopic heart transplantation model was established,Four groups,each having 8 animals,were used.In normal heart group,Wistar rat hearts as blank control;In no rejection group,inbred Wistar rats as donors and recipients without immunosuppressive drugs,and grafts were removed on the day 60;In acute rejection group and chronic rejection group,Wistar rats as donors,SD rats as recipients,and the grafts were harvested on the day 5 without immunosuppresslve drugs in acute rejection group;In chronic rejectlon group,the graits were Immunohistochemistry was used for macrophages(CD68 positive cells)and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay for expression of PDGF-A mRNA in cardiac allografts.Results Macrophage infiltration was not found in normal heart group and no rejection group.In acute rejection group and chronic rejection group,macrophage infiltration was found around coronary vessels and in myocardial interstitium,especially in myocardial fibrosis area in chronic rejection allografts.The relative content of PDGF-A mRNA in normal heart group,no rejection group,acute rejection group,and chronic rejection group was 0.26±0.06,0.31±0.04,0.88±0.12,0.94±0.11respectively.PDGF-A mRNA was increased in chronic rejection group and acute rejection group significantly as compared with that in normal heart group and no rejection group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Macrophage infiltration and expression of PDGF-A are associated with cardiac allograft vasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of esophagogastric intramural implantation anastomosis after esophagectomy. Methods One thousand and two hundred thirty-six patients with esophageal and cardial cancers were treated by esophagogastric intramural implantation anastomosis after esophagectomy. The mucosal layer, the esophageal and gastric muscular layers were on three different levels after the anastomosis. Results Among 1236 patients, 842 cases were esophageal cancer,and 394 cases were cardial cancer.The anastomoses were performed in different levels including 15 cases below the pharynx, 193 cases on neck,634 case above the aortic arch and 394 cases below the aortic arch. One of the patients died 24 hours after the operation due to myocardial ischemia, and two of them died of respiratory failure. Anastomotic leakage, stenosis and refluxing esophagitis did not appear in this series. Conclusions Esophagogastric intramural implantation anastomosis can decrease the incidence of anastomotic leakage, stenosis and refluxing esophagitis after esophagectomy.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in graft reperfusion injury after cardiac transplantation in rats. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats heterotopic cardiac transplantation models were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=18). In control group, the ischemic period of the grafts was 60min without reperfusion. In experimental group, the grafts were respectively reperfused for 3h, 6h and 24h after 60min ischemic period. Immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques were used to detect myocardial ICAM-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results The expression of allograft ICAM-1 after reperfusion in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P

Objective To investigate the relationship between apoptcsis, expressions of VEGF and clinicopathological characteris- tics, and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Sixty-one surgical specimens of primary esophageal squa- mous cell carcinomas were examined for VEGF by immunohistochemical staining (S-P). Apoptcsis was determined by TUNEL (TdT media- ting dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling) method. Clinicopathologic features were examined by histopathology. The prognostic impacts of these pa- rameters were analyzed by univariate and survival analysis. Results AI and VEGF were well correlated with differentiation, TNM stage. Lower tumor differentiation and higher TNM stage were related to decreasing AI and VEGF. In addition, VEGF in the groups of invasion be- yond muscularis and lymph node metastasis is significant higher than that in invasion reaching muacularis and no lymph node metastasis (P <0.01). But there were no significant correlation between AI and invasion( P>0.05). The simple-factor analysis results showed that the decrease of AI, VEGF, lymph node metastases, lower tumor differentiation, and invasion reaching muscularis were related to decrease of sur- vival rate. However, multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that only AI and VEGF were the significant prognostic factors. Conclusions Apoptosis and angiagenesis participate in ESCC and promote its growth. VEGF is related to angiogenesis of ESCC. The increase of VEGF may promote invasion and lymph node metastasis. AI and VEGF are significant prognostic factors in ESCC.

Object To study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Swertia przewalskii Pissjauk Methods The constituents were isolated on silica gel column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral and chemical analysis Results Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as 1, 7 dihydroxyl 3, 8 dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅰ), 1, 8 dihydroxyl 3, 7 dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅱ), 1, 7, 8 trihydroxyl 3 methoxyxanthone (Ⅲ), 1, 3, 7, 8 tetrahydroxyxanthone (Ⅳ), 1 O ? D glucopyranosyl 7 hydroxyl 3, 8 dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅴ), 1 O ? D glucopyranosyl 8 hydroxyl 3, 7 dime thoxyxanthone (Ⅵ), 7 O ? D glucopyranosyl 1, 8 dihydroxyl 3 methoxyxanthone (Ⅶ), 1 O D xylo pyranosyl (1→6) ? D glucopranosyl] 7 hydroxyl 3, 8 dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅷ), 1 7 hydroxyl 3, 8 dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅷ), 1 O D xylopyranos yl (1→6) ? D glucopytanosyl] 8 hydroxyl 3, 7 dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅸ), 8 8 hydroxyl 3, 7 dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅸ), 8 O D xylopyanosyl (1→6) ? D glucopyranosyl] 1, 7 dihydroxyl 3 methoxyxanthone (Ⅹ), luteolin (Ⅺ),? sitosterol ( Ⅹ 1, 7 dihydroxyl 3 methoxyxanthone (Ⅹ), luteolin (Ⅺ),? sitosterol ( ⅩⅡ ), oleanolic acid ( ⅩⅢ ), ursolic acid ( ⅩⅣ ) and getiopicroside ( ⅩⅤ ), respectively Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ～Ⅷ, Ⅺ, ⅩⅡ , ⅩⅣ and ⅩⅤ were obtained from this plant for the first time

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound elastography hardness score and area ratio to identify benign and malignant lesions.Methods 90 patients with breast lumps were selected and divided into the malignant and non -malignant group according to surgical pathology diagnosis,they were 40 cases (a total of 45 tumors)and 50 cases (a total of 57 tumors),two groups of patients were detected in ultrasound elastography,anal-ysis of imaging hardness ratings and area ratio and other information,to investigate the clinical diagnostic value. Results The ultrasound elastography of 50 cases with benign tumor were 0 -2 point,7 cases were 3 -4 point, 7 cases with malignant tumors were 0 -2 point,38 cases were 3 -4 point,the difference between the two groups were statistically significant (χ2 =28.55,P <0.05);The average area ratio of benign tumor was (1.01 ±0.27),malignant tumors was (2.28 ±1.68),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t =9.22,P =0.001);the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of elastography hardness rating in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors were 87.72%,84.44%,86.27%,the area ratio method were 85.96%,86.67%,86.27%,joint inspection of the two groups were 96.49%,95.55%,96.08%,joint inspection had obvious advantages,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(χ2 =16.24,13.58,P <0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound elastography hardness rating combined area ratio has a higher accuracy rate for differentiating benign and malignant breast tumors.

ObjectiveTo investigate atlantoepistrophic imaging features of patients with vertigo of cervical syndrome.Methods74 patients with vertigo of cervical syndrome were checked by photographs of cervical vertebrae of A-P position, lateral position and mouth open position, some patients were checked by CT three-dimensional reconstruction and/or MRI vertebral arteriography.ResultsImaging examination of these patients showed that physiolgical curvature of cervical vertebrae became straightened, width of both lateral masses of atlas was inequality, space of both lateral masses of atlas to odontoid process of vertebra dentata was also inequality, and inferior articular surface of lateral mass was not parallel with superior articular surface of axis. The CT could display the side displacement and anterior or posterior rotation of lateral masses of atlas. The cervical MRI vertebral arteriography could display the effect of side displacement and rotation of lateral masses of atlas on vertebral artery. If side displacement or rotation of vertebral artery occurred, the diameter of artery decreased.ConclusionThe diseased region of vertigo of the cervical syndrome is the atlas and axis, especially the side displacement and anterior or posterior rotation of the atlas.

AIM To investigate the role of serotonergic projection from dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) to basolateral amygadaloid (BLA) in the regulation of sleep and waking state. METHODS stereotaxic microinjection and polysomnography were employed. RESULTS Microinjection of L Glu into the DRN caused an enhancement of wake (W) and a decrease of slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS). However, microinjection of L Glu into the DRN plus bilateral microinjection of methysergide (MS) into the BLA reversed the effects of L Glu. Microinjection of PCPA into the DRN caused an enhancement of SWS and a decrease of W. Microinjection of PCPA into the DRN plus bilateral microinjection of 5 HTP into the BLA reversed the effects of PCPA. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the role of the DRN in the regulation of sleep and waking state is partly mediated by serotonergic projection from the DRN to the BLA.

AIM To study the role of serot on in (5-HT) in ventrolateral preoptic nucleus(VLPO) on sleep and wakefulness cycl e of rat by microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP , precursor of 5-HT ) , non-special 5-HT receptor antagonist methysergide (MS) and 5-HT retake i nhibitor fluoxetine. METHODS Stereotaxic, microinjection and po lysomnography (PSG) were used in the experiment. RESULTS There was no significant effect by microinjection of 5-HTP(0 5 ?g,0 1 ?l) into VLPO,but microinjection of 5-HTP(1 ?g,0 1 ?l)and fluoxetine lead wake i ncreased and sleep decreased; while microinjection of non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist MS lead to the opposited effect. The chang of sleep-wakefu lness cycle caused by 5-HTP or MS were significantly assiociated with time. CONCLUSION 5-HT involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycle a nd promoted wake in the VLPO and its role of promotion may involve the gene exp ression of post-synaptic neurons.