Objective To assess the treatment of fresh Monteggia fracture with a steel-wire loop for adults whose annular ligament needs repairing. Methods From May 2006 to March 2008, we treated 15 adult patients with fresh Monteggia fracture whose annular ligament needed repairing with a steel-wire loop. A retrospective study was performed for the 15 cases, including 9 males and 6 females. Their ages ranged from 19 to 46 years. According to the Bado classification system, there were 6 cases of type Ⅰ, 4 type Ⅱ, 5 type Ⅲ. The ulnar fractures were treated with open reduction and compression plate fixation. Next, radial head dislocations were reduced openly and the reduced heads were hitched to the proximal end of the ulna with a steel-wire loop of 0.8 mm in diameter around the radial neck. Last, the broken annular ligaments were repaired. The elbow functional trainings were carried out 48 hours after operation and the steel-wire was removed 3 weeks postoperatively. Results The patients were followed up for 8 to 11 months (mean,9. 5 months). The functional recovery evaluated by Broberg and Morrey evaluation system showed excellent results in 11 patients, good in 2, fair in 2 and poor in 0. The excellent to good rate was 86. 7%.Conclusion The steel-wire loop treatment is a good strategy for adults with fresh Monteggia fracture whose annular ligament needs repairing.

Objective To evaluate the stability of 4 different methods of plate internal fixation for simulated posterior column fracture of the acetabulum.MethodsTwenty preserved cadaveric semipelvic specimens were divided into 4 groups randomly.Models of isolated posterior column fractures of acetabulum were established and then fixed with 1 of following 4 methods of plate internal fixation:2 screws at the each end of plate(group A),3 screws at the each end of plate(group B),1 screw each side in the closest allowable hole to the fracture and 2 screws at the each end of plate(group C),and 4 screws on each side of the fracture(group D).Under vertical compression load of 3 times' body weight,the displacements of the fracture site were measured and the shear rigidity of different internal fixation methods were compared.ResultsThe displacements of the fracture site in Group A,B,C,and D were 4.68?0.35,2.80?0.25,2.12?0.11 and 1.58?0.17 mm respectively,with a decreasing trend from Group A to D.The shear rigidity of internal fixation methods in Group A,B,C,and D were 129.42?9.60,228.91?12.05,285.21?26.16 and 414.71?34.29 N/mm respectively,with an increasing trend from Group A to D.The differences of both displacements and shear rigidity between each 2 groups were significant(P

BACKGROUND:Surgery has become gold standard to treat fracture of acetabulum.The incidence of posterior column fracture of affected acetabulum is high.The appropriate treatment for posterior column fracture of acetabulum remains controversial.OBJECTIVE:To establish the model of posterior column fracture of acetabulum,and evaluate the stability of internal fixation with the plate and lag screw for the posterior column fracture of acetabulum.METHODS:A total of 20 preserved cadaveric semipelvic specimens were randomly divided into two groups.Models of isolated posterior column fracture of acetabulum were established.The models were fixed with plate or lag screw.Under vertical compression load,the horizontal displacements of the fracture site were measured and the shear rigidity of two fixation conditions was compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The horizontal displacements of the fracture site fixed with plate and lag screw were (1.64±0.17) mm and (1.70±0.20) mm.The shear rigidity fixed with plate and lag screw were (392.40±41.22) N/mm and (386.33±50.07) N/mm.The differences of both horizontal displacements and shear rigidity between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05).The fracture model provides an ideal tool for biomechanical evaluation of the stability of internal fixation for the posterior column fracture of acetabulum.There was no significant difference in the stability of internal fixation with the plate and lag screw for the posterior column fracture of acetabulum.

Sugarcane molasses containing large amounts of sucrose is an economical substrate for succinic acid production. However, Escherichia coli AFP111 cannot metabolize sucrose although it is a promising candidate for succinic acid production. To achieve sucrose utilizing ability, we cloned and expressed cscBKA genes encoding sucrose permease, fructokinase and invertase of non-PTS sucrose-utilization system from E. coli W in E. coli AFP111 to generate a recombinant strain AFP111/pMD19T-cscBKA. After 72 h of anaerobic fermentation of the recombinant in serum bottles, 20 g/L sucrose was consumed and 12 g/L succinic acid was produced. During dual-phase fermentation comprised of initial aerobic growth phase followed by anaerobic fermentation phase, the concentration of succinic acid from sucrose and sugarcane molasses was 34 g/L and 30 g/L, respectively, at 30 h of anaerobic phase in a 3 L fermentor. The results show that the introduction of non-PTS sucrose-utilization system has sucrose-metabolizing capability for cell growth and succinic acid production, and can use cheap sugarcane molasses to produce succinic acid.
Bioreactors ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; genetics ; Fermentation ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Metabolic Engineering ; Molasses ; Saccharum ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; chemistry ; Sucrose ; chemistry

During the anaerobic fermentation by Escherichia coli AFP111 for succinic acid production, the viable cell concentration and productivity were decreased with the raising of succinic acid concentration. In order to restore cellular succinic acid productivity and prolong fermentation time, we collected strains and refreshed medium for repetitive succinic acid production. However, productivity is lower than that in the anaerobic fermentation before reusing strains. To enhance the productivity, strains were aerobically cultivated for 3 h in pure water before anaerobic fermentation. The activities of key enzymes were enhanced for better performance in producing succinic acid at anaerobic stage. After three rounds of repetitive fermentations, succinic acid concentration and yield reached to 56.50 g/L and 90% respectively. The succinic acid productivity was 0.81 g/(L x h), which was 13% higher than the repetitive fermentations without aerobic activation of the strains.
Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Culture Media ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Genetic Engineering ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning on lung injury in situ during lung ischemic reperfusion.Methods 24 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,sham-operated group(S),ischemic-reperfusion group(I/R) and ischemic postconditioning group (IpostC).IpostC was established by several brief reperfusion-ischemia (30 s,5 cycles) before continuous reperfusion.AKT,p-AKT,p70S6K,p-p70S6K protein expression,apoptotic cells were tested by Western blotting and TUNEL,wet to dry weight ratio(W/D) in lung tissue were determined respectively.The lung pathological changes were also observed.Results Compared with S group,expression of Akt、p-Akt、p70S6K、p-p70S6K and the ratio of W/D,apoptotic index in lung tissue all markedly increased in I/R and IpostC group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,expression of Akt、p-Akt、p70S6K、p-p70S6K markedly increased in IpostC group(P ＜0.05),while the ratio of W/D and apoptotic index significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),the pathological injury in IpostC group also reduced significantly.Conclusion IpostC has a protective effect on lung ischemic reperfusion injury via PI3K/Akt pathway.

Escherichia coli NZN111 is a promising strain with ldhA and pflB genes inactivated for the production of succinic acid. However, with these mutations, NAD+ could not be regenerated from NADH, and an unbalanced NADH/NAD+ ratio eliminated cell growth and glucose utilization under anaerobic conditions. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NAMNAT), encoded by the nadD gene, catalyzes the reaction from nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) to nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) during the synthetic pathway of NAD(H). Overexpression of the nadD gene could enhance the concentration of NAD(H) and maintain a suitable NADH/NAD+ ratio. In this study, we constructed a recombinant strain E. coli NZN111/pTrc99a-nadD, and overexpressed NAMNAT with 1.0 mmol/L of IPTG under anaerobic conditions in sealed bottles. Compared to E. coli NZN111, the concentrations of NAD+ and NADH in the recombinant strain increased by 3.21-fold and 1.67-fold, respectively. The total concentration of NAD(H) was increased by 2.63-fold, and the ratio of NADH/NAD+ decreased from 0.64 to 0.42. The recombinant strain restored the cell growth and glucose utilization under anaerobic conditions. After 72 h, the recombinant strain could consume 14.0 g/L of glucose to produce 6.23 g/L of succinic acid, and the concentration of succinic acid was 19-fold higher than in E. coli NZN111.
Anaerobiosis ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Mutation ; NAD ; metabolism ; Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism

In order to understand the prevalence of Akabane disease(AKAD)in Guizhou Province and the molecular characteristics of the isolates,the whole-genome sequence of a strain of Akabane virus(AKAV)from a bovine AKAD-positive sample was determined and analyzed.The genotype and genetic variation of the strain were also explored.Based on the conserved S sequence,a fluores-cence quantitative PCR(qPCR)detection method was established and applied for the investigation of AKAV infection status in four large-scale beef cattle farms of Guizhou.Results showed that the S,M and L fragments of the bovine strain were highly homologous to the Tianjin strain(TJ2016/China/2016)and the Australian strain(JaLAB39/Australia/1959),where they were in the same evolutionary branch and belonged to genotype Ⅱ.Sensitivity assay found that the lowest detection limit was 2.5 X 101 copies/μL.Specificity assay showed the established method detected only AKAV with no amplification on bovine bluetongue virus(BLUV),Pasteurella multocida(PM),bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus(IBRV)and bovine Mycoplasma bovis.The variation coefficients of inter-and intra batches in the repeatability test were both lower than 2.26％.These findings illus-trated that the established qPCR method had high sensitivity,good specificity and repeatability.A total of 298 serum samples from 4 large-scale beef cattle farms in Qianxi City and Huangping County of Guizhou Province were collected and tested for AKAV by the method.Out of 298 sam-ples,25 positive samples(25/298)were detected as positive with a positive rate of 8.39％.In sum-mary,this work provided the reference data for a deep understanding of the molecular prevalence of AKAV in Guizhou Province and laid foundation for the prevention and control of AKAD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simulated nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50 m on the expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the external auditory canal (EAC) of rabbits.

METHODSTwo batches of New Zealand rabbits were exposed to nitrogen-oxygen saturated at a water depth of 50 m. After exposure, the epithelial tissue in the EAC was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the changes in expression of inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the EAC of rabbits were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSAccording to the result of HE staining, more inflammatory cell infiltration, small vascular congestion, and mucosal edema in the EAC of rabbits were observed in the exposure group than in the control group. Additionally, compared with the control group, the exposure group had increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced expression of IL-10 in the EAC of rabbits according to the result of real-time PCR.

CONCLUSIONThe nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50 m can cause inflammatory injuries in the EAC of rabbits. The mechanism may be associated with increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced expression of IL-10.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ear Canal ; physiopathology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; adverse effects ; Oxygen ; adverse effects ; Rabbits ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Water ; adverse effects

Succinic acid is one of the key intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)and has huge potentials in biopolymer, food, medicine applications. This article reviews recent research progress in the production of succinic acid by microbial fermentation, including discovery and screening of the succinic-acid-producing microbes, the progress of genetic engineering strategy and metabolic engineering technology for construction of succinic acid-producing strains, and fermentation process control and optimization. Finally, we discussed the limitation of current progress and proposed the future research needs for microbial production of succinic acid.
Actinobacillus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Anaerobiospirillum ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; trends ; Metabolic Engineering ; methods ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism