BACKGROUND:Surgery has become gold standard to treat fracture of acetabulum.The incidence of posterior column fracture of affected acetabulum is high.The appropriate treatment for posterior column fracture of acetabulum remains controversial.OBJECTIVE:To establish the model of posterior column fracture of acetabulum,and evaluate the stability of internal fixation with the plate and lag screw for the posterior column fracture of acetabulum.METHODS:A total of 20 preserved cadaveric semipelvic specimens were randomly divided into two groups.Models of isolated posterior column fracture of acetabulum were established.The models were fixed with plate or lag screw.Under vertical compression load,the horizontal displacements of the fracture site were measured and the shear rigidity of two fixation conditions was compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The horizontal displacements of the fracture site fixed with plate and lag screw were (1.64±0.17) mm and (1.70±0.20) mm.The shear rigidity fixed with plate and lag screw were (392.40±41.22) N/mm and (386.33±50.07) N/mm.The differences of both horizontal displacements and shear rigidity between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05).The fracture model provides an ideal tool for biomechanical evaluation of the stability of internal fixation for the posterior column fracture of acetabulum.There was no significant difference in the stability of internal fixation with the plate and lag screw for the posterior column fracture of acetabulum.

Objective To assess the treatment of fresh Monteggia fracture with a steel-wire loop for adults whose annular ligament needs repairing. Methods From May 2006 to March 2008, we treated 15 adult patients with fresh Monteggia fracture whose annular ligament needed repairing with a steel-wire loop. A retrospective study was performed for the 15 cases, including 9 males and 6 females. Their ages ranged from 19 to 46 years. According to the Bado classification system, there were 6 cases of type Ⅰ, 4 type Ⅱ, 5 type Ⅲ. The ulnar fractures were treated with open reduction and compression plate fixation. Next, radial head dislocations were reduced openly and the reduced heads were hitched to the proximal end of the ulna with a steel-wire loop of 0.8 mm in diameter around the radial neck. Last, the broken annular ligaments were repaired. The elbow functional trainings were carried out 48 hours after operation and the steel-wire was removed 3 weeks postoperatively. Results The patients were followed up for 8 to 11 months (mean,9. 5 months). The functional recovery evaluated by Broberg and Morrey evaluation system showed excellent results in 11 patients, good in 2, fair in 2 and poor in 0. The excellent to good rate was 86. 7%.Conclusion The steel-wire loop treatment is a good strategy for adults with fresh Monteggia fracture whose annular ligament needs repairing.

Objective To investigate the expression of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase(MT1-MMP) in the esophageal carcinoma tissues and in normal periearcinomatous tissues and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of MT1-MMP in esophageal carcinoma tissues and normal tissues in distance for 5-7 em from tumor. Results Among 54esophageal carcinoma specimens, the positive expression rate of MT1-MMP was 87.0%, while all of themwere expressed a small quantity in normal esophageal epithelial tissues, the expression in the esophageal carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than those in normal esophageal epithelial tissues (P ＜ 0.01 ).The degree of MT1-MMP expressions was associated with the depth of tumor invasion (P ＜ 0.01 ), the invasion of the lymph nodes(P ＜ 0.01 ) and the relapse and/or metastasis of the tumors for three years after surgery(P ＜0.01 ), and was also related to differentiation of tumor cells (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions The expression of MT1-MMP in the esophageal carcinoma tissues is well associated with the depth of tumor invasion, the invasion of the lymph nodes, the differentiation of tumor cells and relapse and/or metastasis of the tumors for three years after surgery. MT1-MMP plays an important rote in the invasion and metastasis in the patients with esophageal carcinoma.

During the anaerobic fermentation by Escherichia coli AFP111 for succinic acid production, the viable cell concentration and productivity were decreased with the raising of succinic acid concentration. In order to restore cellular succinic acid productivity and prolong fermentation time, we collected strains and refreshed medium for repetitive succinic acid production. However, productivity is lower than that in the anaerobic fermentation before reusing strains. To enhance the productivity, strains were aerobically cultivated for 3 h in pure water before anaerobic fermentation. The activities of key enzymes were enhanced for better performance in producing succinic acid at anaerobic stage. After three rounds of repetitive fermentations, succinic acid concentration and yield reached to 56.50 g/L and 90% respectively. The succinic acid productivity was 0.81 g/(L x h), which was 13% higher than the repetitive fermentations without aerobic activation of the strains.
Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Culture Media ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Genetic Engineering ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism

Sugarcane molasses containing large amounts of sucrose is an economical substrate for succinic acid production. However, Escherichia coli AFP111 cannot metabolize sucrose although it is a promising candidate for succinic acid production. To achieve sucrose utilizing ability, we cloned and expressed cscBKA genes encoding sucrose permease, fructokinase and invertase of non-PTS sucrose-utilization system from E. coli W in E. coli AFP111 to generate a recombinant strain AFP111/pMD19T-cscBKA. After 72 h of anaerobic fermentation of the recombinant in serum bottles, 20 g/L sucrose was consumed and 12 g/L succinic acid was produced. During dual-phase fermentation comprised of initial aerobic growth phase followed by anaerobic fermentation phase, the concentration of succinic acid from sucrose and sugarcane molasses was 34 g/L and 30 g/L, respectively, at 30 h of anaerobic phase in a 3 L fermentor. The results show that the introduction of non-PTS sucrose-utilization system has sucrose-metabolizing capability for cell growth and succinic acid production, and can use cheap sugarcane molasses to produce succinic acid.
Bioreactors ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; genetics ; Fermentation ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Metabolic Engineering ; Molasses ; Saccharum ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; chemistry ; Sucrose ; chemistry

Objective To test the Footscan system for guiding the postoperative rehabilitation of calcaneus fractures.Methods Sixty patients with unilateral calcaneus fracture were divided randomly into a rehabilitation group and a control group.Patients in both groups began a routine of functional rehabilitation training 24 h after a reduction and fixation operation.The patients in the rehabilitation group received individualized rehabilitation protocols based on regular dynamic evaluation of their plantar pressure using the Footscan system.Those in the control group were administered routine rehabilitation training without the personal modifications.At the 2nd and 7th month postoperation,the dynamic plantar pressure of both groups was evaluated and the functioning of their feet Was scored.Results At the 2nd month post-operation,there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of subtalar ioint range of motion,the lateral deviation of pressure center,the time of heel touch with the ground,the maximum pressure at the lateral aspect of the calcaneus and impulsive force during walking.The functional evaluation scores were also not significantly different.At the 7th month post-operation,all the indices in both groups had improved significantly over the 2nd month,bulthe improvement in the rehabilitation group Was greater(except the time of heel touch with the ground).Conclusion The Footscan system can be a valuable tool for evaluating patients with calcaneus fracture and serve as a reference for planning rehabilitation interventions for such patients.

Objective To evaluate a novel lymph node (LN) sorting method on surgical resected sample guided by nanometer carbon staining and principle following the supplying artery tributory in rightsided colon carcinoma.Methods From May 2015 to June 2016,51 patients were randomly divided into two groups adopting traditional LN sorting method and that of a combination of nanometer carbon and artery guided.The final LN status were compared between the 2 groups.Results The total LN number and the positive LN in novel method group were higher than control group (437 vs.349,70 vs.54).The dissection time used,the number of harvested positive LN that was ＜ 5 mm were significantly different [(13.1 ± 3.2) minvs.(17.8 ±3.8)min,t=4.75,P=0.000;1.0±l.0vs.0.2 ±0.6,t=3.51,P=0.000].The number of patients with harvested LN less than 12,the rate of positive lymph nodes,the rate of metastasis were not significantly different (all P ＞ 0.05) between the two groups.Conclusions Use of nanometer carbon development combined with artery approach facilitates LN sorting,yielding more positive LNs,and increating the accuracy of pathological staging in right-sided colon cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of smoking on autophagy in alveolar macrophages (AMs) of silicosis patients.Methods:In December 2019, a random sampling method was used to select 42 male patients with silicosis (19 cases of stage II and 23 cases of stage III) who were treated with large volume whole lung lavage from August to December 2017 in the Beidaihe sanatorium. According to the different smoking index of the study subjects (smoking index=smoking cigarette consumptions per day×years of smoking) , we divided them into high (Smoking index>400) , medium (200≤smoking index≤400) , low (smoking index <200) and non-smoking group. The levels of autophagy related proteins LC3, Beclin1, p62 and apoptosis related protein Cleaved Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. The effects of smoking on autophagy activity of AMs in silicosis were analyzed.Results:The ratio of autophagy related protein LC3 II/LC3 I, the expression of Beclin1, p62, and apoptosis related protein Cleaved Caspase-3 in the high smoking group were significantly higher than that of the middle, low smoking group and the non-smoking group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Smoking can aggravate the dysfunction of autophagic degradation in silicosis patients' AMs, which may accelerate the progress of silicosis through increasing apoptosis in AMs.

Objective:To investigate the effect of smoking on autophagy in alveolar macrophages (AMs) of silicosis patients.Methods:In December 2019, a random sampling method was used to select 42 male patients with silicosis (19 cases of stage II and 23 cases of stage III) who were treated with large volume whole lung lavage from August to December 2017 in the Beidaihe sanatorium. According to the different smoking index of the study subjects (smoking index=smoking cigarette consumptions per day×years of smoking) , we divided them into high (Smoking index>400) , medium (200≤smoking index≤400) , low (smoking index <200) and non-smoking group. The levels of autophagy related proteins LC3, Beclin1, p62 and apoptosis related protein Cleaved Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. The effects of smoking on autophagy activity of AMs in silicosis were analyzed.Results:The ratio of autophagy related protein LC3 II/LC3 I, the expression of Beclin1, p62, and apoptosis related protein Cleaved Caspase-3 in the high smoking group were significantly higher than that of the middle, low smoking group and the non-smoking group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Smoking can aggravate the dysfunction of autophagic degradation in silicosis patients' AMs, which may accelerate the progress of silicosis through increasing apoptosis in AMs.

Objective To develop a human Tim-3 specific monoclonal antibody and evaluate its biological activity and possible use in clinical diseases associated with dysregulated Tim-3 expression .Methods The BALB/c mice were immu-nized by conventional method, and positive clones were used to develop anti-human Tim-3 antibody, the binding and neutralization activities of which in vitro and in vivo were investigated.Results ①A monoclonal antibody (clone L3D) which could specifically bind to human Tim-3 protein in ELISA assay was obtained and the subtype of the monoclonal antibody was IgG2a .②Flow cytometry indicated that the monoclonal antibody could bind to Tim-3 expressed in human U937 cells.This antibody also showed a cross activity to mice′Tim-3.③The monoclonal antibody inhibited the apoptosis of THP1 cells induced by Gal-9, the ligand of Tim-3.④Injection of Tim-3 antibody exacerbated sepsis in mice as marked by the decreased survival rate and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines .Conclusion An anti-human Tim-3 monoclonal antibody is successfully obtained.The excellent binding and neutralization activities of this antibody enable it to be widely used in clinical diseases associated with deregulated Tim-3 expression .