0.05)except that the tmax of the testing preparation was faster than that of the control drug.The relative bioavailability of the testing drug was(93.83?15.21)%.CONCLUSION:The AUC0～24,AUC0～∞and Cmax of 2 preparations are similar,but there is a significant difference in tmax.

Objective To analyze the bacterial distribution and resistance in upper urinary tract stone patients, then choose suitable antibiotics and reduce infectious complications accordingly.Methods Middle flow urine, infectious stone and the end of kidney drainage tube were taken for culture in 148 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy between January 2009 to September 2010. Antibiotics were used according to the culture results and the complications secondary to infection were analyzed. Results Urinary pathogens presented in 38 (25.7%) patients before operation.There were 112 strains of bacteria. The predominant strains included: Escherichia coli (17 cases,11.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4 cases) and Proteus mirabillis (4 cases). Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabillis were common in stone culture. Staphylococcus epidermidis (5 cases),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5 cases) and Staphylococcus haemolytcus (5 cases) were found in renal drainage tube culture which were positive in 25 patients. Imipenem, cefepime, vacomycin, nitrofurinton were sensitive and commonly used antibiotics. Forty-one patients (27.7 %) had fever postoperatively, including 10 positive for middle urine culture and 9 positive for drainage tube culture. One infective shock was diagnosed postoperatively. Conclusions Gram-negative bacilli are predominant in the upper urinary tract stone patients preoperatively. Gram-positive ones are common postoperatively.Suitable antibiotics, based on middle flow urine culture, could reduce urinary infective complications.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) are two common disorders in neurology departments that place a significant economic burden on patients′ families and society. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the relationship between the two, but there is no clear-cut conclusion that RLS may be both a consequence of ICVD and associated with an increased risk of developing ICVD and poor functional outcome. This article summarizes the latest research findings on ICVD and RLS in China and abroad, with a view to providing a better understanding of their interaction and pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as providing some references for the early prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and rehabilitation.

Objective We report four cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)antibody-associated dis-ease(MOG-AD)with cortical encephalitis as the main manifestation.We analyse the clinical features and relevant ancil-lary tests,and review the literature in order to provide a reference basis for the proper clinical management of this disease.Methods The clinical manifestations,cerebrospinal fluid cytology,imaging,treatment and prognosis of four patients with MOG-AD with cortical encephalitis as the main manifestation,admitted to the Department of Neurology of the Affili-ated Hospital of Jining Medical University from October 2020 to February 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.The anti-MOG antibodies were detected by a cell-based assay(CBA).Results The four patients in this paper were aged 16-32 years and all presented with cortical encephalitis.Three of them started with seizures and one presented with his first sei-zure 15 d after headache and fever.The cranial MRI showed thickening of brain tissue in the cortical area and multiple ab-normal signal shadows in the sulcal pools,with relatively high signal on FLAIR images.Serum anti-MOG antibody tests were positive.The patients were treated with hormones and/or immunoglobulin and discharged,with two patients experi-encing relapses.Conclusion MOG-AD can have a predominantly cortical encephalitis phenotype,presenting with head-ache,fever and seizures.The initial diagnosis is easily made as"infective meningoencephalitis or meningitis",and cra-nial MRI often shows unilateral or bilateral cortical swelling;immunotherapy is effective,but some patients may experi-ence recurrence;for patients with cortical encephalitis who are poorly treated with anti-infective therapy,the disease needs to be alerted,and a"positive"serum MOG-IgG test can clarify the diagnosis.

The pharmacy department of medical institutions assumes important responsibilities in the emergency response work.The standard of pharmacy administration in emergencies is formulated based on the principles of scientificity,versatility,instructiveness,and operability,through sorting out problems,collecting opinions and expert argumentation.This standard has 49 standards of 9 key elements from three aspects:emergency mechanism,emergency support,and emergency services.This article aims to introduce the construction method and formulation process of the pharmacy administration in emergency standards,and analyzes the content,to guide for improving emergency response ability of the medical institutions'pharmacy department in emergency events.