Hypersensitivity reactions ( HSRs) are the serious problems of taxanes in the clinical appli- cation. These reactions range in severity from mild flushing and itching to bronchospasm, dyspnea and signifi-cant alterations in blood pressure with loss of consciousness or not, and death in some rare cases. Nevertheless, HSRs are often reported only sporadically in clinical trials or as case reports. The vague or inconsistent termi-nology used to describe these reactions may reflect our poor understanding of their pathophysiology. This article will reviews the advancement of taxanes HSRs.

To investigate the effect of propofol on the plasma contents of endothelin(ET) and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP).Twelve monkeys with hemorrhagic shock were divided randomly into two groups.The monkeys in propofol group(PG) were administered propofol to 8mg/L plasma concentration by target control infusion with computer,while monkeys in control group(CG) were not .Venous blood were collected to determine plasma ET and CGRP contents by radioimmunoassay before bleeding, 2 hours after hemorrhagic shock and 2h after resuscitation. Compared with control group,the CGRP level and CGRP/ET of PG were significantly increased at 2h after hemorrhagic shock and 2h after resuscitation,while ET level of PG at 2h after resuscitation was significantly lower than that of CG. These findings indicate that propofol can increase the plasma content of CGRP and decrease the plasma content of ET in monkeys after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, and ET may play an important role in the development of hemorrhagic shock.

Objective To explore the effects of two-dimensional code on nursing instruments management.Methods Information regarding nursing instruments were edited and corresponding two-dimensional codes were generated which would be pasted on both the instruments and the registration book,and nurses were notified about the twodimensional codes.The effects of the application of two-dimensional code were assessed among 145 nurses using questionnaires,and 40 nurses were evaluated for theoretical and operational skills of the instrument.Results After applying two-dimensional code in management of nursing instruments,nurses' scores for utilizing,maintenance,addressing malfunction,storage and counting were higher than previous management method for instruments(P＜0.05),and the performance of theoretical and operational skills of 40 nurses were increased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Two-dimensional code provides valuable benefits for information storage,instrument tracking,etc.,shows great convenience and efficiency to nursing instruments management,and helps to improve nurses' application skills of instruments.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injury during choledochocystectomy. Methods Clinical data of 24 cases of iatrogenic bile duct injury were analyzed retrospectively from 2005 to 2009. Results Eight patients underwent early repair of bile duct within 4 days after the injury. 14 patients with later recognized bile duct injury underwent selective operations, and two patients were discharged after their jaundice were relieved without any surgical treatment. Supporting T tubes were left in place in 22 patients for 8 to 14 months after operations, without any biliary obstruction found after one year and six months to five year follow-up. Conclusions Early bile duct injury within 4 days was easily treated, but later bile duct injury should have selective operation. The patients with jaundice could be diagnosed with PTCD and ERCP to observe the bile duct injury. During operation membrane-to-membrane wide hepatojejunostomy helps prevent later anastomotic stenosis. The left in drainage tube in anastomotic stoma for more than 8 months improves success rate in the process of injuried bile duct repair.

Objective To identify the association between human glucocorticoid receptor gene G166T polymorphism and essential hypertension(EH).Methods DNA samples from 71 normotensive cases and 48 EH cases were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) to determine the intron 4 variant of human glucocorticoid receptor gene.Results No association was observed between EH group and control group.However,in females,a little association was observed between the EH group and control group.Frequencies of allele G were 0.64 in EH group and 0.46 in control group.Conclusion The G allele may be a predisposing gene marker,HGR gene intron 4 polymorphism contributes to the development of EH in females.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose dexamethasone pretreatment regimen in prevention of hypersensitive reaction (HR) related to docetaxel in elderly tumor patients. Methods According to the order for admission and the ratio of 3:2, 91 elderly patients with docetaxel weekly therapy were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. All patients aged from 65 to 82 years with a median age of 68 years old. There were 54 patients in the experimental group and 37 patients in the control group. In the experimental group, patients received oral dexamethasone 4. 5 mg once daily on 1 day before treatment, the day of treatment and continuing for 3 days after treatment, while patients received 8 mg twice daily in the control group. All patients were scored according to MCIRS by the physician. The side effects were evaluated by NCI-CTCAE3.0. Results Four cases in the experimental group (7.4 %) and three cases in the control group (8. 1%) occurred HR, and there was no significant statistical difference (P=1. 000). Conclusions The low dose dexamethasone is efficient and safe compared with the conventional dose dexamethasone, and there is no significant difference in HR incidence between two groups.

Objective To study the effect of IGF-1 gene therapy and electric stimulation therapy on the rat models of postpartum stress urinary incontinence, and explore the ideal treatment for this disease.Methods 240 SD female rats were used to establish the model of postpartum stress urinary incontinence by water sac vaginal dilation.148 model rats were randomly selected from 185 successful models and divided into 5 groups:IGF-1 gene therapy, clenbuterol treatment, electric stimulation therapy, injection of empty vector plasmid, and untreated groups.Besides, 20 non-modeled rats were used as blank control group.Urodynamic test was performed, pelvic floor pubococcygeus muscle/muscle weight ratio was calculated, and serum biochemical indices (LDH, CK) were detected, and the morphological changes of pubococcygeus muscle fibers were observed by light microscopy at 1, 21, 42 and 63 days after treatment.Results At 21 days after treat-ment, the maximum bladder capacity, leak point pressure, the contractile force/muscle weight ratio in the IGF-1 group and electric stimulation treatment group were significantly better (P>0.05), and the differences between the IGF-1 group and electric stimulation group were not significant ( P>0.05 ) .Conclusions The effect of IGF-1 gene therapy and electric stimulation on the rat models of postpartum stress urinary incontinence is better than that in the drug therapy group and oth-er groups.

Objective To explore the effects of perfluorocarbon (PFC) on the damaged type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AEC Ⅱ) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and the apoptosis and inflammatory reaction of AEC Ⅱ induced by LPS.Methods Primary AEC Ⅱ was divided into control group according to the random number table method,LPS group,PFC group and PFC + LPS group.LPS group:LPS (1 μg/ml) was added to cells.PFC group:PFC (20％) was added to cells.PFC + LPS group:PFC (20％) and LPS (1 μg/ml) were added to cells.The apoptotic rate of AEC Ⅱ was detected by flow cytometry.Morphologic change was observed by electron microscope.Concentrations of intedeukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 of supernatant were detected by ELISA.Results Apoptotic rate of AEC Ⅱ remarkably increased in LPS group than in control grouop [(10.89 ± 1.04) ％ vs (14.29 ± 1.93) ％] (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with LPS group,the apoptotic rate of AEC Ⅱ decreased remarkably in the PFC + LPS group [(12.22 ± 1.47) ％],(P ＜ 0.05).IL-6 production of AEC Ⅱ significantly increased in LPS group than in control group [(482.58 ± 26.84) vs (229.40 ± 7.61) pg/ml pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05),while decreased in PFC + LPS group [(265.44 ± 29.95) pg/ml].IL-10 production of AEC Ⅱ significantly increased in LPS group than in control group [(1 497.29 ±191.89) pg/ml vs (725.87 ±51.83) pg/ml] (P ＜0.05),while there was no difference between LPS group and PFC + LPS group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PFC can protect AEC Ⅱ against the injury induced by LPS.PFC can also release the level of inflammatory response.

Objective To get the basic data of nasal figure of the Han nationality individuals in Xi'an area and provide for junsprudence and the reconstruction of skull. Methods Nasal height, length, depth and breadth of 313cases in Xi'an area, which had different age and sex, were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Image of MRI could clearly show the figure of nose and the position we selected were correct and accuracy. The specific data were: Nasal length (male:34. 47±4.29 ～52.20±3.47, female:33. 11±3.33～46. 94±3.83); Nasal height(male: 39.22±3.68～59.49±2.30, female: 33.89±3.95～51.75±3.68); Nasal depth(male: 11.89±1.76～16.68±2.48, female: 10.69±1. 81～16.46±2.04);Nasal breadth(male: 33. 09±3. 83～42. 49±2.72,female:32.00±1.94～38. 86±2.61). So the results were credible. Conclusion The nasal figure of individuals in Xi'an area is different as their different age and sex. It promotes that the influence factors of age and sex must be considered in the facial reconstruction and medico legally reconstructing skull.