Macrolide antibiotics are broad-spectrum, with activity against a range of Gram-positive, Gram-negative organisms and some anaerobes. The components of macrolide antibiotics are generally complicated. Therefore, it is very important to establish impurity profiles of these antibiotics to ensure their safety and process control. Compared with classical methods, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method is particularly advantageous to characterize minor components at trace levels in terms of sensitivity, efficiency and selectivity, thus more and more widely used in establishments of impurity profiles. In this study, the general approaches to characterize minor components in complex pharmaceutical matrix, fragmentation pathways of 14- and 16-membered macrolide antibiotics and the establishment of the impurity profile of acetylspiramycin were given to provide valuable enlightenments to establish the impurity profiles of pharmaceutical products.

Objective To systemically evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of recurrent oral ulcer(ROU) treated by traditional Chinese medicine.Methods The randomized controlled trials of TCM treatment on ROU were retrieved,and the related information from database was retrieved and assessed with Cochrane Handbook.Results Fifty-three articles in 41 journals were found.There were 12 diagnostic criteria and 8 effect criteria.Base-line comparision in 39 articles,blind methods in 3 articles,follow-up survey in 2 articles,adverse reaction in 10 articles,no case loss in all articles were reported.Conclusions The quality of RCTs of TCM for ROU should be improved.

Objective To explore the effective nursing and long-term safety training mode, early intervention on safety awareness of junior nurses, regulate the safety behavior, ensure patient safety. Methods The ideas and methods of HSE management system (health, safety and environment trinity management system) were introduced, from training needs research, safety courses design, safety behavior training, training process management,safety knowledge clinical application and training quality control implementation of systematic management.From 2013 to 2014 low seniority nurses safety training for 2 years, including new hospital nurse per year.Taking the self contrast before and after experimental design, safety knowledge to master the situation, the nurse's satisfaction and quality of care and safety management before and after training were compared. Results The actual class qualified rate and safety knowledge awareness and the excellent and good rate of safety skills assessment after training were 80.10%(157/196), 92.34%(181/196),96.43%(189/196), which were higher than those of 65.30%(128/196), 81.63%(160/196), 88.78%(174/196) before training, and the differences were statistically significant, χ2=10.81,9.94,7.07,P<0.01. The overall satisfaction of the nurses for safety training was 92.35%(181/196)after training, which was higher than that of 80.61%(158/196)before training, the difference was statistically significant, χ2=16.37, P < 0.01.The qualified rate of nursing quality for the critically ill patients after training was 90.13%(210/233), which was higher than that of 81.48%(176/216) before training, the difference was statistically significant, χ2= 6.94, P < 0.01. The patient safety and quality, the quality of nursing records were 95.81%(206/215), 95.29%(688/722) after training, respectively, which were higher than those of 89.60%(181/202), 85.10%(577/678) before training, the differences were significant, χ2=5.98,4.17, P<0.05. Conclusions Improved safety training is normative, practicability and maneuverability, safety behavior norms, improve the risk identification and emergency handling ability, reduce nursing risk, close to the clinical need for safety management, safety training for nurses to provide the basis for sustainable development.

‘University and college students' innovative ability training plan’ were launched from 2009 in Second Military Medical University. The innovative thinking and practical ability of students were improved by participation in research projects, writing scientific papers, academic exchanges and other activities. Students' innovative thinking, practice ability and cooperative spirit were promoted and unifica-tion of teaching and learning was achieved.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of a silicone tractor in the treatment of nipple inversion. Methods 15 patients were treated with this new type of tractor. Of all the patients, 11 were with mild to moderate nipple inversion, and 4 were serious affected patients. In the seriously affected group, the tractor was used after operation. Patients in the mild to moderate nipple inversion group was treated with the silicone tractor only. Results The result in all the patients was satisfactory after follow-ing-up for 6 to 12 months. The appearance of the nipples was well. Conclusion Continuously pulling with silicone tractor is an ideal method in nipple inversion treatment. It is simple, safe and effective.

AIM: To investigate the regulation of sodium pump ?-subunit gene expression in the cortex of kidneys from one kidney one clip (1k1c) hypertensive rats. METHODS: 1k1c hypertensive rats were prepared by partially ligating the left renal artery and removing the right kidney. 4 weeks later, all the rats were killed, the levels of sodium pump ? 1-, ? 2-, and ? 3-subunit mRNA and protein in the cortex of kidney were detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of sodium pump ? 1-subunit increased and ? 2- and ? 3-subunit were unchanged in the cortex of kidneys from 1k1c hypertensive rats compared with control rats, while no change has been found for all the three subunits gene expressions at protein level. CONCLUSION: There were some changes in the expression of sodium pump ?-subunit gene in the cortex of kidney of the 1k1c hypertensive rat, which might be related to the development of hypertension in this hypertensive model.

Objective To identify the possible existing suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides(ODNs)in the DNA sequence which encodes Schistosoma japonicum 22.6 kDa(Sj22.6)antigen.Methods Several ODNs within the DNA sequence encoding Sj22.6 antigen were synthesized.Splenocytes separated from mice were stimulated with optimal immunostimulatory CpG 1826 in the absence or presence of different synthetical ODNs.The suppressive efficacy of each ODN was examined by 3H-TdR incorporation.Results ODN F311 suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes caused by CpG 1826 stimulation.The significant suppression was observed when ODN F311∶CpG 1826 at a ratio of 1∶1 and 3∶1,the suppression reached 11% and 58% respectively.The maximal inhibition was observed when ODN F311 was pre-administered with CpG ODN for 2 h.Conclusions Certain suppressive ODN exists in the DNA sequence encoding Sj22.6 antigen,and this effect shows dose-and time-dependent manner.

Objective To explore imaging findings and pathological features of ovarian collision tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis of preoperative imaging findings was performed in 8 female patients with surgical-pathological proven ovarian collision tumors. CT scans were performed in 5 cases, both CT and MRI were performed in 2 cases, and non-enhanced MR scans were performed in 1 pregnancy woman. Imaging results were compared with pathologic findings. Results Ovarian collision tumors in the eight patients consisted of 2 types tumors, originated from different ovarian tissues including surface epithelial cells, germ cell, or sex cord-stromal cell. Of the 8 ovarian collision tumors, 5 were located in the left ovary, and 3 in the right ovary. Ovarian collision tumors consisted of surface epithelial tumor and germ cell tumor (n=6) including mucinous cystadenoma and teratoma (n=4), mixed cystadenoma and teratoma (n=1), and serous cystadenoma and struma-ovarii (n=1). Ovarian collision tumors in two cases consisted of surface epithelial tumor and sex cord-stromal tumor, and were mucinous cystadenoma and fibroma, respectively. Imaging findings included:all tumors in the 8 cases presented big or huge multiple complicated cystic mass with 9 to 26 cm in diameter. Germ cell tumor or sex cord-stromal tumor in collision tumor was smaller and located inside the tumor (n=3) and on the tumor wall (n=5). The boundary between two types of tumors in ovarian collision tumor was distinct and clear. Typical imaging features and densities (signals) of different tumors in ovarian collision tumors can be found on CT or MRI. Conclusions Ovarian collision tumors has some specific imaging and pathological characteristics. Imaging examination is helpful for most accurate diagnosis of ovarian collision tumors.

Purpose　The aim is to prepare ouabain polyclonal antibody F(ab)2 fragment and to estimate its molecular weight.Methods[ KG*2 [ WTBZ]Ouabain polyclonal antibody was obtained from immunized rabbits.The antibod y was digested with pepsin.The resulting products were analyzed and the molecular weig ht of F(ab)2 fragment was estimated by HPSEC.The immune activity was detec ted by ELISA.Results　100 mg of ouabain polyclonal antibody wa s dige sted by 2 mg of pepsin for 18 hours at pH 3.0 and active ouabain polyclonal anti body F(ab)2 framgment was obtained.Its molecular weight was 107 kD.Concl usion　The active ouabain polyclonal antibody F(ab)2 fragment coul d be prepared by digesting its antibody with pepsin.