Objective To explore the relationship of serum parathyriod hormone ( PTH) level with renal ane-mia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Serum levels of PTH,Hb,Hct,BUN,Cr were observed in 126 patients with CKD at stages 3-5,the changes of 42 patients in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) with recombi-nant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and calcitriol-1.25(OH)2D3 treatment for three months were determined. Results The serum PTH level was significantly increased in CKD patients at stage 3 and more in CKD patients at stage 4 and 5.There were positive relationship between blood PTH and BUN ,Cr(P<0.01),but a negative relation-ship between PTH and Ccr,Hb(P <0.01).42 patients of MHD treated with rhEPO,1.25(OH)2D3 after three months,according to the changes of HCT ,the effective rate was 73.8% and the ineffective rate was 26.2%.The PTH,Hb,HCT of the effective group had statistically significant differences compared with the ineffective group ( all P<0.01).Hb and Hct significantly increased and PTH significantly decreased in the effective group .Conclusion CKD patients had decreased renal function ,elevated blood PTH .High serum PTH might aggravate renal anemia and fail to respond to rhEPO.The high serum PTH corrected by using 1.25(OH)2D3 might improve renal anemia,with high plasma PTH correcting .