A survey on smoking status and risk factors was conducted among 3373 residents in two districts of Shen yang city during November 2008 and September 2009 ; the pulmonary function tests were also performed for all subjects.A logistical regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors of smoking,and the knowledge about diseases caused by smoking was evaluated by chi-square test.The overall smoking rate was 50.7％ ( 1710/3373 ) ; 86.8％ (1458/1680) for males a(un)14.9％ (252/1693)for females.The risk factors of smoking ( P ＜ 0.05 ) in order of OR value were as follows:drinking,work environment and underlying diseases ; the protective factors were:female,educational level,overweight ( BMI ≥ 24) and old age.The survey on knowledge of smoking-related disease was conducted in 2478 residents including 815 smokers and 1663 non-smokers. The awareness levels about whether smoking can cause COPD,asthma,birth defects,malignant tumor,abortion,growth retardation,fetal death and myocardial infarction were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers.

Objective To analyze the types and risk factors of community-acquired infections (CAI)in diabetic patients by system analysis method of evidence-based medicine.Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang database,VIP database were searched by computer,domestic published researches on CAI and related risk factors in dia-betic patients were aggregated,Meta-analysis was conducted by stata 1 1 .0 software.Results A total of 1 2 literatures were included in the study .The average rate of CAI in diabetic patients was 39.55% (22.12%-55.86%).The major infec-tions were respiratory system infection(40.74%),urinary tract infection(27.35%),tuberculosis(10.80%),skin and soft tissue infection(9.19%),and hepatobiliary system infection (5.57%).Stratified analysis on risk factors revealed that OR and OR95%CI of chronic complication,age,disease course,glycemic control,gender,type of diabetes,subtype of ketoac-idosis was 1.63(1.45,1.82),1.30(1.19,1.42),1.47(1.35,1.61),0.68(0.61,0.76),0.69(0.64,0.75),1.37 (1.13,1.66 )and 0.87(0.62,1.23),respectively.There was no publication bias and combined results were stable. Conclusion The main CAI in diabetic patients are respiratory system infection,urinary tract infection,tuberculo-sis,skin and soft tissue infection,and so on ;several factors,such as female,older age,long-term disease course, poor glycemic control,and complication,can contribute to the increase of CAI in diabetic patients.

Objective To observe the influence of Qizhi Yifei containing serum on the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA in lung fibroblasts, and explore its mechanism. Methods Trypsin digestion method was used to extract fibroblasts from lung tissue in rats. All fibroblasts were cultured and trained to the fourth generation. Then they were randomly divided into control group, model group and drug serum group. The model group and drug serum group were firstly treated by DMEM with 0.002 5 μg/mL TGF-β1. The control group was treated by DMEM only. The control group and model group were then treated by DMEM with blank drug serum in concentration of 5%, and the drug serum group was treated by DEME with Qiahi Yifei containing serum in same concentration. After 48 and 72 hours, RT-PCR was performed to test the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA of each group. Results After 48 hours, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA were significantly increased in model group and drug serum group compared with control group. There was no difference between model group and drug serum group. After 72 hours, MMP-9 mRNA was up-regulated in model group and was decreased in drug serum group compared with control group. There was no significant difference among the three groups on the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA. Conclusion Qizhi Yifei containing serum can decrease the up-regulated expression of MMP-9 mRNA in lung fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of curcumin on the oxidative stress induced by nano-silicon dioxide( SiO_2) in A549 cells and to explore its potential mechanism. METHODS: A549 cells were randomly divided into 6 groups. Nano-SiO_2 group cells were stimulated with nano-SiO_2 solution with a final concentration of 20 mg/L; curcumin low-,medium-,and high-dose group cells were treated with curcumin at final concentrations of 5,10,and 20 μmol/L respectively and 20 mg/L nano-SiO_2 solution; the solvent control group was treated with dimethyl sulfoxide with a volume fraction of 0. 10%. The cells in the blank control group were not given any treatment. The cells in these 6 groups were incubated for 12 hours,and the level of malondialdehyde( MDA) and the activity of total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) in the cells were measured by spectrophotometer. The relative expression of mRNA and protein of nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2( NRF2),thioredoxin-1( TRX1),and thioredoxin interaction protein( TXNIP) were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot respectively. RESULTS: The MDA level in A549 cells of nano-SiO_2 group increased( P < 0. 05),the T-SOD activity decreased( P < 0. 05),and the mRNA and protein relative expression of NRF2 and TRX1 were up-regulated( P < 0. 05),TXNIP relative expression of mRNA and protein were down-regulated( P <0. 05),when compared with the blank control group and the solvent control group. After intervention with curcumin,with the increased of curcumin concentration,the MDA level in A549 cells decreased,the T-SOD activity increased,the relative expression of NRF2 mRNA and TRX1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated,the mRNA and protein relative expression of TXNIP was down-regulated,and showed a dose-dependent manner( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Curcumin can protect nano-SiO_2-induced oxidative stress in A549 cells. It may activate TRX system by regulating NRF2/antioxidant response elements pathway,exerting an anti-oxidation effect and protecting cells from excessive oxidative damage.

Objective To observe the effects of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule on the expressions of the main roles, Rock1 and Rock2, in RhoA/Rock signal transduction pathway in rats with myocardial infarction (MI);To explore the possible mechanism of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule to improve ventricular remodeling in myocardial fibrosis. Methods The MI model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. Rats with MI were randomly divided into the model group, Fuzheng Huayu group and Fasudil hydrochloride group. A sham-operation group threading without ligation was setting as a control group, with eight rats in each group. The rats were treated with corresponding medicine for 4 weeks from the second day after modeling. The expression of Rock1, Rock2 and its mRNA were detected by immunohistochemical and real-time PCR method. Results The protein expression of Rock1 and Rock2 in model group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group (P<0.05). The protein expression of Rock1 and Rock2 in the Fuzheng Huayu group and Fasudil hydrochloride group were lower than those in the model group. The mRNA expression of Rock2 was significantly higher in the model group than that in the sham-operation group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Rock1 in the Fasudil hydrochloride group was lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Rock2 in the Fuzheng Huayu group and Fasudil hydrochloride group was lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Fuzheng Huayu Capsule can decrease the expression of Rock1, Rock2 and Rock2 in the marginal zone of myocardial infarction in rats with MI. The anti ventricular remodeling mechanism of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule maybe related with this.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between TP53 gene mutation and overall survival (OS) time of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Methods:Databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched for relevant studies published up to 20 October, 2019. The corresponding hazard ratio ( HR) and their 95% confidence interval ( CI) for OS from multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were extracted. The combined HR with their 95% CI was calculated by using fixed or random effect models. Meta-analysis was performed by using Revman 5.3 software. Results:A total of 1 033 patients from 6 studies were enrolled. Meta-analysis results showed that OS time in TP53 gene mutation group was shorter than that in wild type group for patients with MDS ( HR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.52-3.07, P < 0.01). The prognostic risk for post-transplantation patients with MDS ( HR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.63-4.43, P < 0.01) was lower compared with that for patients treated by azacitidine( HR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.37-6.08, P = 0.005). Conclusion:TP53 gene mutation is a risk factor affecting OS of MDS patients.

Objective:To assess the efficacy of parent training (PT) on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, behavioral problems, and parenting stress in child with ADHD or ADHD symptoms.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of the effect of PT on ADHD symptoms in Chinese children with ADHD or ADHD symptoms were collected by PsychINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Scopus, China National Knowledge database, WanFang database, the China Science and Technology Journal Database and the China Biology Medicine disc. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by version 2 of the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trial. Forest plots were drawn using Review Manager 5.4.1, sensitivity analyses of results were performed using Stata 18.0 to assess the stability of the results, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test.Results:A total of 10 studies containing 571 subjects in the experimental group and 562 subjects in the control group met the inclusion exclusion criteria. Significant differences were observed in various measures, including overall ADHD symptoms (MD=-2.43, 95% CI: -3.95--0.91), inattention (MD=-1.10, 95% CI: -1.94--0.26), hyperactivity/impulsivity (SMD=-0.58, 95% CI: -0.87--0.28), overall conduct problems (SMD=-0.80, 95% CI: -1.05--0.55), conduct problem (SMD=-1.34, 95% CI: -2.31--0.37), learning problem (SMD=-0.81, 95% CI: -1.40--0.23), impulsivity/hyperactivity (SMD=-0.53, 95% CI: -0.78--0.29), hyperactivity index (SMD=-1.27, 95% CI: -1.99--0.55), parenting stress index (SMD=-0.69, 95% CI: -1.12--0.26), difficult child (MD=-1.96, 95% CI: -3.44--0.48), dysfunctional interaction (MD=-3.10, 95% CI: -4.43--1.78), and parenting distress (MD=-3.35, 95% CI: -4.59--2.12)(all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in oppositional-defiant disorder, anxiety, or somatic problem. Conclusions:The initial findings suggested that PT was effective for Chinese children with ADHD or ADHD symptoms.The addition of PT appeared to improve core symptoms of ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), conduct problems, and parental stress more effectively than routine care alone.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of the incidence of arrhythmia and the prediction of baseline ventricular late potential in patients with first depression episode.Methods:The cohort study was used to observe the relationship between the baseline status of ventricular late potential, the severity of baseline depression symptoms, the extent of remission of depressive symptoms within the treatment duration and arrhythmia incidence in the 3 years progress. For the assessment of the severity of depression symptoms, 17 version of Hamilton depression scale was used to evaluate the baseline ventricular late potential, and DMS lab3.0 ECG platform late potential analysis system was used to determine the assessment (CardioScan 12 NET version). The first depression patients with positive ventricular late potential were followed up for 3 years. The changes of the severity of ventricular late potential and depression symptoms were investigated, and the correlation with the subsequent course of arrhythmia was investigated.SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical distraction, chi square test was used for count data, independent samples t test was used for normal distribution measurement data, Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normal distribution count data, and logistic regression method was used to calculate relative risk( RR). Results:According to the 3-year follow-up of 400 first-episode depression patients, 22.25% (89/400) had malignant arrhythmia. The incidence of malignant arrhythmia was 39.46% (58/147) in ventricular late potential positive group and 12.25% (31/253) in ventricular late potential negative group, and the difference was statistically significant(χ 2=9.578, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that positive ventricular late potential at baseline (compared with negative ventricular late potential at baseline, RR=10.78, 95% CI=8.34-13.80), having a family history of arrhythmia (compared with no family history of arrhythmia, RR=5.23, 95% CI=2.41-9.85), had a higher severity of depression at baseline (compared with lower severity of depression at baseline, RR=1.73, 95% CI=1.25-2.85), poor first-time efficacy and more repeated hospitalizations (compared with good first-time efficacy and less hospitalizations, RR=1.11, 95% CI=1.04-1.17), and age of onset< 20 (compared with age of onset≥20, RR=1.07, 95% CI=1.02-1.93) were the risk factors of malignant arrhythmia in patients with first-episode depression(all P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of arrhythmia is very high in those patients with baseline positive late ventricular potential. Positive late ventricular potential, family history of arrhythmia, younger onset age and poor therapeutic effect were the relative risk of arrhythmia in the patients with depression.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Kaixuan Jiedu compatibility and the decomposed prescriptions in the treatment of psoriasis. MethodsThirty Balb/c mice were randomly grouped as follows （n=6）： normal， model， Kaixuan Jiedu （KXJD， 15.21 g·kg^-1）， Kaixuan （KX， 3.08 g·kg^-1）， and Jiedu （JD， 12.13 g·kg^-1）. Except the normal group， the rest groups were modeled for psoriasis-like skin lesions by topical application of imiquimod， and samples were collected after 7 days of continuous intervention. Mice were photographed at the lesion site during modeling and before sampling and the psoriasis area and severity index （PASI） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in the lesions and measure the epidermal thickness. Mice were photographed and observed for the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule （CD31）， proliferating cell nuclear antigen （Ki67）， and cytokeratin 10 （CK10） in the epidermal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to determine the expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of interleukin-17A （IL-17A） and interleukin-23 （IL-23）. The spleen and thymus were photographed and weighed， and the spleen and thymus indices were calculated. The safety of the treatment was assessed by automatic biochemistry testing of the serum， liver， and kidney functions and by HE staining of the liver， kidney and spleen. ResultsCompared with that of the normal group， the skin of the model group showed erythema， infiltration， and typical psoriasis-like changes， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， hyperkeratosis in epidermal cells， acanthosis， massive lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis， impaired barrier function， increased expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， reduced expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin （P<0.01） in the epidermis， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-23 （P<0.01）. In addition， the mice in the model group showed spleen enlargement， thymus atrophy， increased spleen index， and decreased thymus index （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， KXJD and JD reduced psoriasis-like skin lesions， inhibited the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， reduced the expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， increased the expression of claudin-1 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KXJD group outperformed the JD group. The JD group showed no significant difference from the model group regarding the spleen index， thymus index， and Occludin expression. The psoriasis indicators in the KX group were not significantly different from those in the model group. ConclusionKXJD and JD can reduce the symptoms of local skin lesions of psoriasis， which is manifested as different inhibition degrees of the proliferation and differentiation of keratin-forming cells， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， and inflammatory reactions， as well as the protection of the skin barrier. Moreover， KXJD outperformed JD. KX alone did not significantly reduce psoriasis lesions in mice. KXJD and the decomposed prescriptions are safe and effective， causing no obvious liver and kidney injuries.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Kaixuan Jiedu compatibility and the decomposed prescriptions in the treatment of psoriasis. MethodsThirty Balb/c mice were randomly grouped as follows （n=6）： normal， model， Kaixuan Jiedu （KXJD， 15.21 g·kg^-1）， Kaixuan （KX， 3.08 g·kg^-1）， and Jiedu （JD， 12.13 g·kg^-1）. Except the normal group， the rest groups were modeled for psoriasis-like skin lesions by topical application of imiquimod， and samples were collected after 7 days of continuous intervention. Mice were photographed at the lesion site during modeling and before sampling and the psoriasis area and severity index （PASI） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in the lesions and measure the epidermal thickness. Mice were photographed and observed for the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule （CD31）， proliferating cell nuclear antigen （Ki67）， and cytokeratin 10 （CK10） in the epidermal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to determine the expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of interleukin-17A （IL-17A） and interleukin-23 （IL-23）. The spleen and thymus were photographed and weighed， and the spleen and thymus indices were calculated. The safety of the treatment was assessed by automatic biochemistry testing of the serum， liver， and kidney functions and by HE staining of the liver， kidney and spleen. ResultsCompared with that of the normal group， the skin of the model group showed erythema， infiltration， and typical psoriasis-like changes， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， hyperkeratosis in epidermal cells， acanthosis， massive lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis， impaired barrier function， increased expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， reduced expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin （P<0.01） in the epidermis， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-23 （P<0.01）. In addition， the mice in the model group showed spleen enlargement， thymus atrophy， increased spleen index， and decreased thymus index （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， KXJD and JD reduced psoriasis-like skin lesions， inhibited the tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， reduced the expression of VEGF， CD31， Ki67， and CK10 （P<0.01）， increased the expression of claudin-1 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KXJD group outperformed the JD group. The JD group showed no significant difference from the model group regarding the spleen index， thymus index， and Occludin expression. The psoriasis indicators in the KX group were not significantly different from those in the model group. ConclusionKXJD and JD can reduce the symptoms of local skin lesions of psoriasis， which is manifested as different inhibition degrees of the proliferation and differentiation of keratin-forming cells， tortuous dilation of dermal capillaries， and inflammatory reactions， as well as the protection of the skin barrier. Moreover， KXJD outperformed JD. KX alone did not significantly reduce psoriasis lesions in mice. KXJD and the decomposed prescriptions are safe and effective， causing no obvious liver and kidney injuries.