Liver injury caused by viral and non-viral factors is an important stage of chronic liver disease, and the pathogenesis of liver injury is still a research hotspot. With the deepening of the research on gut microbiota, substantial evidence indicates that gut microbiota participates in the development and progression of liver injury, and it has been confirmed that Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) has a beneficial effect against liver injury. This article summarizes the role and potential mechanism of Akk in immune-mediated liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It is believed that Akk may provide new directions and choices for the prevention and treatment of liver injury.

Clinical research differs from routine diagnosis and treatment,and the clinicians and clinical investi-gators differ due to their different responsibilities.From the aspects of personnel qualification requirements,activity implementation process and role conflict balance in clinical research and routine diagnosis and treatment work,this paper compared and analyzed the roles of clinicians and clinical investigators and differences,deepening clini-cians'understanding and grasping on the connotation of their different roles,enhancing the sense of responsibility of clinicians as clinical investigators and improving the quality of clinical research.

Objective To study the anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanism of Ermiao powder by high-throughput urine metabolomics.Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and administration group with 8 rats in each group.The rat model of rheumatoid arthritis was established by intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant.Rats in control group were given Ermiao power solution 0.108 g/ml by gavage.The degree of joint swelling in rats was observed and scored.On this basis,metabolic data of rat urine samples were collected for metabolomic analysis.Unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition technology was used to analyze the high-throughput biological information data and reduce the dimension.Metabolic information related to rheumatoid arthritis was screened and focused to clarify the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and the therapeutic mechanism of Ermiao power.Results Compared with the model group,the swelling degree of the foot (1.93 ± 0.11 vs.2.36 ± 0.19) in Ermiao power group significantly decreased (P＜0.01).Metabolic profiles showed that the metabolic distribution of healthy rats was significantly separated from that of model rats,and the treatment group was in the middle of the two groups.From the macro-metabolic point of view,the metabolism of model rats changed dramatically.The Ermiao power had a good intervention effect on rheumatoid arthritis.Thirteen biomarkers related to rheumatoid arthritis were identified by database matching,including linolenic acid,arachidonic acid,5,6-EET,alpha-lactose,sucrose,trehalose,prostaglandins and leukotriene C4.It involved linoleic acid metabolism,arachidonic acid metabolism,starch and galactose metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism.Conclusions The Ermiao power has significant therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis rats.Regulation of the linoleic acid metabolism,arachidonic acid metabolism,starch and galactose metabolism may be the mechanism of its treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the serological markers associated with posthepatectomy recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and to establish a prognostic model to evaluate whether palliative hepatectomy is suitable for such patients. MethodsA total of 111 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatectomy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2009 to July 2013 and received follow-up were enrolled. Basic clinical data were collected and the patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to whether recurrence was observed during follow-up. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival differences were analyzed using the log-rank test. A Cox regression analysis was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate prediction efficiency. ResultsThe Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the patients with low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and fibrinogen and high CXCL13 had a longer median time to recurrence (P＜0.05). AFP (hazard ratio ［HR］［95%CI］=1.69(1.03~2.79), P=0.039), GGT (HR［95%CI］=1.89(1.14~3.14), P=0.014), and CXCL13 (HR［95%CI］=0.54(0.33~0.89), P=0.015) were independent factors associated with posthepatectomy recurrence. The prognostic index PI=0.526×AFP+0.637×GGT-0.616×CXCL13 established based on these factors had an AUC of 0.87, a sensitivity of 93.75%, and a specificity of 63.64% in predicting recurrence within 0-3 months after palliative hepatectomy, with a significant reduction in prediction efficiency for recurrence within 0-6 months (AUC=0.68) or a longer period of time. The recurrence prediction efficiency of this model for palliative hepatectomy was significantly higher than that for radical resection. ConclusionThe prognostic model established based on CXCL13, AFP, and GGT can be used to evaluate the risk of early recurrence after palliative hepatectomy and thus helps clinicians to make diagnosis and treatment decisions based on patients’ benefits.

Objective: To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among children aged 6-14 years in Beijing, so as to provide a reference for preventing MetS. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2 086 records of 1 832 children from the 2017 and 2019 Nutrition and Health Surveillance in Primary and Secondary school students of Beijing (NHSPSB). Three day consecutive 24 hour dietary recalls combined with weighing household cooking oils and condiments were used to collect dietary intake and calculate DII. MetS was diagnosed according to "Definition and Suggestion on the Metabolic Syndrome of Chinese Children and Adolescent". The Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) models were used to analyze the association between DII and the presence of MetS and its components (abdominal obesity, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperglycemia). Results: The mean DII score was (1.64±1.07) for the included children. No significant association was found between DII scores and the likelihood of MetS (per 1 point increment: OR =1.16, 95% CI =0.92-1.48, P >0.05). In terms of the components of MetS, DII scores were positively associated with the odds of high triglyceride (per 1 point increment: OR =1.17, 95% CI =1.01-1.36, P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the association among different age groups ( P >0.05). No significant associations were observed between DII and other MetS components( P >0.05). Conclusion DII scores may not be correlated with the risk of MetS, but proinflammatory diet might increase the risk of high triglyceride. DII score in childhood should be emphasized to identify and prevent MetS as soon as possible.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and living ability of older adult patients living in a mining community.Methods:A total of 180 older adult patients living in a mining community who received treatment during July-October 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into the low-age group (< 68 years old, n = 94) and the high-age group (≥ 68 years old, n = 86). Cognitive function and living ability were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL). The relationship between cognitive function and living ability was investigated using hierarchical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The proportions of older adult patients with abnormal cognitive function identified by the MMSE and MoCA were 39.4% and 66.0%, respectively in the low-age group, and they were 32.6% and 61.6%, respectively in the high-age group. The MoCA had a greater performance in identifying abnormal cognitive function in each group than the MMSE ( χ2 = 26.69, 10.18, both P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in proportions of older adult patients with abnormal cognitive function identified by the MMSE and MoCA between low-age and high-age groups ( χ2 = 0.90, 0.36, both P > 0.05). The proportion of older adult patients with abnormal living ability was not significantly different between low-age and high-age groups (4.3% vs. 10.5%, χ2 = 2.58, P > 0.05). Compared with patients negative for MMSE items, living ability and instrumental activity of daily living increased by 7.0% and 9.4% in low-age patients positive for MMSE items (both P < 0.05). Compared with patients negative for MoCA items, living ability increased by 3.5% in low-age patients positive for MoCA items ( P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that total scores of MMSE and MoCA were significantly negatively correlated with ADL score ( r = -0.26, -0.27, both P < 0.001) and instrumental activity of daily living score ( r = -0.27, -0.27, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Cognitive function and living ability are correlated in older adult patients living in a mining community. We should pay attention to the screening results of cognitive disorder in older adult patients and improve their living ability by improving their cognitive function.

Objective:To investigate the characteristic of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the adults aged 48 years and over in a coal mine community, and to analyze its associated risk factors.Methods:From July to October 2019, a questionnaire survey for basic information was conducted among 180 middle-aged and elderly adults who met the inclusion criteria in the Datong coal mine community. The cognitive function was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The effects of gender, age, years of education, sleep, living alone, physical exercise, social activities, smoking and drinking status, body mass index and chronic diseases on cognitive level were analyzed by single factor stratification and multiple linear regression.Results:There was no significant difference in the positive rate of MCI screened by MMSE and MoCA in the age groups of 48-<64, 64-<72 and 72-90 (original and corrected P>0.05); The positive rate of MCI in MoCA screening (64.4%, 66.7%, 60.9%) was significantly higher than that in MMSE (35.6%, 45.6%, 28.1%) (all P<0.05); MMSE was positively correlated with MoCA score ( r=0.762, P<0.001). With the increase of age, the scores of memory, execution and visual space detected by MoCA decreased significantly (all P<0.05), while the scores of attention, language and orientation did not change significantly (all P>0.05). Univariate stratification showed that the significant influencing factors of MMSE or MoCA scores were gender, age, years of education and sleep status (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender ( βMMSE=-0.192; βMoCA=-0.140), years of education ( βMMSE=0.209; βMoCA=0.328) and sleep status( βMMSE=-0.162; βMoCA=-0.136) were risk factors affecting MMSE and MoCA scores ( P<0.05). Conclusions:More middle-aged and elderly adults with MCI might be observed in a coal mine community, and the main characteristics of MCI are impaired memory, executive function and visual space. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of dementia, early interventions of MCI should be carried out among the adults with female, old age, low years of education and poor sleep quality.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of albumin/globulin ratio on postoperative survival outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Data of 630 patients with HCC, who underwent surgical resection from February 2009 to July 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into low-value group (A/G < 1.5, defined as L group) and high-value group (A/G≥1.5, defined as H group), and their distribution characteristics were observed with the normal A/G threshold value. Independent risk factors’ affecting survival and prognosis was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression model. Survival trend of all patients with low-value and high-value groups in A, B and C of Barcelona stage (BCLC stage) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative A/G ratio (P = 0.007), alpha-fetoprotein (P < 0.001), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P = 0.006), RBC (P = 0.014), international normalized ratio (P = 0.009), preoperative BCLC staging (P < 0.001) and number of tumors (P = 0.003), and intraoperative blood transfusion (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors affecting long-term survival in HCC patients. The median overall survival time in-group L was 15 months, significantly lower than that in group H of 42 months (P < 0.001). Stratified analysis showed that the short-term survival advantage of patients with high A / G value was limited to those with Barcelona stage A (P < 0.001), and disappeared in patients with Barcelona stage B and C (P > 0.05). The long-term survival advantage existed in patients with Barcelona stage A (P < 0.001), B (P < 0.05), and disappeared in C (P > 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative albumin/globulin ratio can predict postoperative prognosis and survival, and direct towards the treatment for early stage of HCC and thus representing as an indicator of high clinical value.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in red blood cell count in patients with different liver diseases and the correlation between red blood cell count and degree of liver damage.

METHODSThe clinical data of 1427 patients with primary liver cancer, 172 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 185 patients with hepatitis were collected, and the Child-Pugh class was determined for all patients. The differences in red blood cell count between patients with different liver diseases were retrospectively analyzed, and the correlation between red blood cell count and liver function status was investigated. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, rank sum test, Spearman rank sum correlation test, and chi-square test were performed for different types of data.

RESULTSRed blood cell count showed significant differences between patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cancer, and liver cirrhosis and was highest in patients with chronic hepatitis and lowest in patients with liver cirrhosis (P < 0.05). In the patients with liver cirrhosis, red blood cell count tended to decrease in patients with a higher Child-Pugh class (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor patients with liver cirrhosis, red blood cell count can reflect the degree of liver damage, which may contribute to an improved liver function prediction model for these patients.

Erythrocyte Count ; Hepatitis ; blood ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To establish and evaluate diagnostic efficacy and applicability of serum Golgi protein (GP) 73 based non-invasive diagnostic model with other conventional serological indicators for compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis. Methods: 666 cases with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who had visited to the Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 were selected as the study subjects, and were classified according to compensated stage cirrhosis into clinical and pathological diagnosis group based on whether or not the liver histological examination was performed. A diagnostic model of compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis in the clinical diagnosis group was established. The current clinically used diagnostic model of liver cirrhosis, aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index (FIB)-4 and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were compared. Eventually, the diagnostic model was verified step by step by pathological diagnosis group. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of GP73 and APRI, FIB-4, and LSM for cirrhosis patients in the clinical diagnosis group were 0.842, 0.857, 0.864, and 0.832, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of the four indicators were of similar (P value > 0.05). A diagnostic model of compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis (GAPA) using logistic regression analysis was established: LogitP = 1/ [1 + exp (1.614-0.054 × GP73-0.045 × Age + 0.030 × PLT-0.015 × ALP)]. The AUC of the model was as high as 0.940 and the optimal cut-off value were 0.41. The corresponding diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency was better than that of APRI, FIB-4, LSM and GP73 alone (P < 0.05). The AUC of GAPA was 0.877 in the pathological diagnosis group, which was similar to the diagnostic efficacy of LSM (0.891) and FIB-4 (0.847) (P > 0.1), but still superior to that of APRI (0.811) and GP73 alone (0.780) (P < 0.001). Conclusion GAPA, a diagnostic model for compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis established in this study, has a good diagnostic efficacy in both the clinical and pathological diagnosis group, and has certain auxiliary diagnostic value in the areas where resources are relatively scarce or where LSM has not been developed.