Allergic rhinitis is a kind of nasal mucosal chronic noninfectious inflammatory disease, which is caused by an imbalance in the body cytokine network,a number of intracellular signaling pathways being actived. Many studies have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in the activation process of allergic rhinitis. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as one kind of that, plays a key role in the process of inflammatory cells proliferation and differentiation, as well as production of inflammatory cytokines, and involved in airway inflammatory mechanisms of chronic airway disease. In vitro experiments have confirmed that p38 MAPK inhibitors have anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the downstream related response.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Inflammation ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of direct Stenting (DS) and conventional post-dilation stenting (CS) for A and B1 lesions in Patients with coronary artery disease.Methods Demographic characters, final baloon dilation pressure, instent angiographic results, and long term outcomes were compared between patients receiving DS (n=62) and patients receiving CS(n=51). Results The operation time in DS group was much shorter than that in CS group ( 17.2 ?8.6 min vs 26.3 ?7.1 min, P

Objective To evaluate the effect of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on the expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in human HaCaT keratinocytes,and to explore the roles of extracelluar signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) signaling pathways in the effect.Methods Some cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were classified into three groups:control group treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (0.031％),TGP groups treated with 6 different concentrations (0.5,2.5,12.5,62.5,125.0 and 312.5 mg/L) of TGP respectively,inhibitor groups treated with TGP of 125 mg/L after 2-hour pretreatment with PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK1/2 inhibitor) of 10 μmol/L respectively.After additional culture for 48 hours,reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression level of IL-18,and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the level of IL-18 protein in the culture supematant of HaCaT cells.Some HaCaT keratinocytes were classified into two groups to be treated with TGP of 125 mg/L for 15,30 and 60 minutes with or without the pretreatment with PD98059 and SP600125 of 10 μmol/L; then,Western blot was carried out to determine the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 in HaCaT cells.Results The levels of IL-18 mRNA and protein in culture supernatant were significantly increased by TGP of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L,but decreased by TGP of 62.5 and 125.0 mg/L,and TGP of 125.0 mg/L showed the strongest inhibitory effect.After treatment with TGP of 125.0 mg/L,the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in HaCaT cells peaked at 15 minutes (0.448 ± 0.018),decreased to 0.213 ± 0.005 at 30 minutes and 0.217 ± 0.005 at 60 minutes,with significant differences between TGP-treated and untreated cells at 15 minutes (0.448 ± 0.018 vs.0.204 ± 0.005,P＜ 0.05) but not at 30 or 60 minutes (both P ＞ 0.05).The phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was 0.237 ± 0.010 in HaCaT cells pretreated with PD98059 prior to the treatment with TGP,significantly different from that in HaCaT cells treated with TGP only (P ＜0.01).TGP of 125.0 mg/L had no obvious effect on JNK phosphorylation,and there was no significant difference in the level of phosphorylated JNK1/2 between HaCaT cells untreated and those treated with TGP of 125.0 mg/L for different durations (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions TGP can inhibit the expression of IL-18 mRNA and protein in HaCaT cells,likely through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Branchioma ; diagnosis ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Neck ; Rheumatoid Nodule ; diagnosis

Objective:To review the clinical prognosis and causes of death in children with extracorporeal membrane pulmonary(ECMO) assistance after congenital heart disease(CHD) operation in our center, so as to improve the survival rate of ECMO.Methods:All clinical data of 105 children with VA-ECMO assisted after CHD operation who were admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected, and the clinical characteristics and causes of death were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The age of 105 children with ECMO was 110(38, 341)days, the weight was 5.30(3.75, 8.45)kg, and the risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery score was 3(2-3)points.There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, weight, height, risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery score, the number of ECMO installed in the operating room, the number of ECMO installed after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and ECMO duration between the surviving group ( n=51) and the death group ( n=54)( P>0.05). While there was a significant difference in utilization of continuous renal replacement therapy[7.8% (4/51) vs.38.9% (21/54), P<0.001]. The death mainly occurred within one week after evacuating ECMO(83.3%, 45/54). ECMO installation was most in children aged 1 month to 1 year old(52.4%, 55/105), and the survival rate showed a rise over three years(2017 to 2019), increased from 31.6% (6/19) to 65.0% (13/20). Children with 3 to 5 kg were the most affected (39.0%, 41/105) when ECMO was installed, and the survival rate from 2017 to 2019 increased from 28.6%(4/14) to 75.0%(9/12). The main cause of death was heart failure(48.1%, 26/54), followed by bleeding(18.5%, 10/54)and pulmonary hypertension(13.0%, 7/54). Conclusion:With the progress of surgical technology and cardiopulmonary bypass, and the improvement of postoperative management, the mortality of children with CHD in our hospital after ECMO has decreased year by year during the last three years.However, the mortality of children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy assistance during ECMO is higher.Therefore, it is still necessary to strengthen the maintenance of each organ function during ECMO.

Objective: To identify the disease-causing mutations in a pedigree with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from Yunnan province, and analyze the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype. Methods: The blood samples and the clinical data of the HCM family members were collected.The coding exons and their flanking intronic regions of 28 previously reported genes related to HCM were screened in the proband by high-throughput sequencing. The mutations in proband were confirmed and detected in all family members as well as in 159 healthy controls by Sanger sequencing.The relationship between the genotype and the phenotype was analyzed in this pedigree. Results: Two missense mutations of Arg1045His and Ala26Val in β myosin heavy chain gene(MYH7) were identified. Genetic screening showed that the mother and brother of the proband carried Arg1045His mutation.Both mutations were absent in other family members and in 159 healthy controls.Disease onset age was less than 50 years old in this pedigree, chest pain, exertional dyspnea and syncope were the major symptoms, and all accompanied by severe left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular outflow tract stenosis.The grandma of the proband suffered sudden cardiac death. The proband had the worst symptoms and the earliest disease onset in this pedigree. Conclusions We find a pedigree with familial HCM from Yunnan province carrying MYH7 Arg1045His and Ala26Val mutations. The study suggests that Arg1045His mutation in MYH7 gene caused HCM is malignant with early onset, severe ventricular hypertrophy and poor prognosis. Arg1045His and Ala26Val double-mutant might have dosage effects and aggravate the clinical phenotype of the patient.

Objective:To explore the reliability of estimated transpulmonary gradient(TPG)by comparing the measured TPG with the estimated TPG in echocardiography.Methods:The cardiothoracic surgery database of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center was reviewed.Children with hemodynamic monitoring and ultrasound findings who underwent total cavopulmonary connection between January 2015 and December 2018 were included.TPG was calculated separately according to the formula.Intraclass correlation efficient was used for consistency test.Results:Finally, 27 patients were selected, including 16 males and 11 females with age(4.0±1.6)years old, weight(15.2±3.3)kg and height(99.1±11.2)cm.There were nine cases (33.3%) of right ventricular double outlet and seven cases (25.9%) of pulmonary atresia.For hemodynamic blood monitoring, TPG was 5-16(10.1±3)mmHg, and its echocardiography parameters were estimated as 5.8-20.3(11±3.3)mmHg.The ICC value was 0.117 which was less than 0.4( P=0.277). Conclusion:TPG estimated by total cavopulmonary connection pipe window during perioperative period is inaccurate and higher than actual value, so invasive hemodynamic monitoring is still recommended during perioperative period.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of performing diaphragm plication(DPL) after congenital heart disease(CHD) surgery as well as the timing and clinical efficacy.Methods:Data regarding children underwent open heart surgery at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from January 2017 to December 2019 were reviewed.According to whether DPL was performed after CHD operation or not, the children were divided into DPL group and non-diaphragm plication(NDPL)group.Clinical data including age, surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)temperature and time of two groups were compared, meanwhile the risk factors of DPL surgery were analyzed.Based on the median of 8 days between open heart surgery and DPL, children in DPL group were divided into early surgery group(less than 8 days), and delayed operation group(no less than 8 days). The parameters of comparison included ventilator using time, hospital stay time, hospitalization expenditure, postoperative infection to evaluate the timing of DPL and effect.Results:There were 10 309 children after CHD, including 95 in DPL group and 10 214 in NDPL group.In DPL group, there were 52 males(54.7%) and 43 females(45.3%), with age 147(52, 318) d, weight(5.5±4.1) kg, height(56.8±25.6) cm, CPB time(136.8±93.4) min and aortic occlusion time(62.5±50.2) min.Compared with NDPL group, DPL group had younger age, shorter height, lighter weight, higher incidence of preoperative special treatment, higher proportion of reoperation, lower CPB temperature, longer CPB time and longer aortic occlusion time.There were significant differences between two groups( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that younger operative age( OR=0.998, 95% CI 0.998~0.999, P<0.001), staging operation( OR=72.977, 95% CI 39.096~136.211, P<0.001), long CPB time( OR=1.006, 95% CI 1.002~1.011, P=0.008), and pulmonary venoplasty( OR=4.219, 95% CI 2.132~8.350, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DPL after CHD.Early surgery group had lower postoperative infection rate(43.59% vs. 88.38%, P=0.007), shorter ventilator duration[168.0(99.5, 280.5) h vs.309.9(166.2, 644.5) h, P=0.029], shorter hospital stay duration[27.00(20.75, 35.00)d vs.37.00(28.00, 53.00)d, P<0.001], and lower hospitalization cost[158.36(128.99, 203.11) thousand yuan vs.232.95(174.54, 316.47) thousand yuan, P<0.001] than delayed operation group. Conclusion:Younger age, staging operation, long CPB time, and pulmonary venoplasty are independent risk factors for DPL due to diaphragmatic paralysis after pediatric CHD surgery.Early surgical intervention is beneficial for the recovery of children.