Allergic rhinitis is a kind of nasal mucosal chronic noninfectious inflammatory disease, which is caused by an imbalance in the body cytokine network,a number of intracellular signaling pathways being actived. Many studies have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in the activation process of allergic rhinitis. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as one kind of that, plays a key role in the process of inflammatory cells proliferation and differentiation, as well as production of inflammatory cytokines, and involved in airway inflammatory mechanisms of chronic airway disease. In vitro experiments have confirmed that p38 MAPK inhibitors have anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the downstream related response.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Inflammation ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the usage of cutaneous-muscular flap in the treatment of leg long segmental osteonecrosis.MethodOsteonecrosis models of tibia was made in 48 rabbits and divided randomly into control goup of tibia necrotic bone covered with free skin graft and experimental group with cutaneous-gastrocnemius flap. All of them were examined with ECT, radiograph, osteocalcin measurement and histological observation in 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively. Treatment of tibia long segmental necrosis with covering of cutaneous-gastrocnemius flap in 436 patiens were reviewed.ResultAbsorptive radioactivity in arterio-phase and delay-phase of ECT in experimental group were higher than those in control group(P

Objective To compare the clinical effects and safety of surgical clipping and intravascular interventional therapy in treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysm.Methods The clinical data of 158 patients with intracranial wide-necked aneurysm from February 2010 to February 2013 were retrospectively analyzed,all patients were divided into two groups:surgical clipping group with 92 cases and intravascular interventional therapy group with 66 cases,the postoperative curative effects,treatment time,hospital stay,hospital expenses and postoperative complications between two groups were compared.Followed up for 10-46 months,the recurrence rate were compared.Results The good prognosis and defective rates between surgical clipping group and intravasular interventional therapy group had no significant difference [90.2％(83/92) vs.90.9％(60/66),9.8％(9/92) vs.9.1％ (6/66)] (x2 =0.298,P ＞ 0.05).The preoperative Hunt-Hess classification and CT Fisher classification between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Six months after discharge,mRS score was used to evaluate the curative effect,the defective rates in same level patients between two kinds of treatment methods had no significantdifference (P ＞ 0.05).The treatment time,hospital stay in surgical clipping group were significantly longer than those in intravascular interventional therapy group [(4.03 ± 1.01) h vs.(1.61 ± 0.98) h,(15.90 ± 2.03) dvs.(13.20 ± 1.95) d],hospital expenses was significantly lower than that in intravascular intervention therapy group [61 829.4 ±320.6) yuan vs.(99 876.2 ±371.5) yuan] (P ＜0.05).The postoperative complications rate between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Followed up for 31.3 (10-46) months,the recurrence rate in surgical clipping group was significantly lower than that in intravascular intervention therapy group [1.1％ (1/94) vs.8.8％ (6/68)] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Surgical clipping and intravascular interventional therapy in treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysm has their own different characteristics,so patients' treatment methods should be based on their preoperative status (especially preoperative Hunt-Hess and Fisher classification) and patients' economic conditions.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of using CT positioning keyhole approach to treat hy-pertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).Methods 85 cases of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemor-rhage(HICH) were chosen and divided into two groups according to the operation methods:the observation group had 55 cases given CT positioning keyhole approach ,while the control group had 30 cases treated with traditional cranioto-my hematoma removal operation .All patients were supplemented by postoperative blood pressure control and nutrition -al support treatment .The average operation time ,hematoma disappearing time ,the length of hospital stay and re-bleed-ing rates and postoperative ability of daily life ( ADL) scores of the two groups were all carefully recorded and com-pared.Results The average operation time,hematoma disappearing time and hospital stay of the observation group were (66.5 ±12.8)min,(3.4 ±1.3)d,and (9.3 ±1.7)day which were all significantly lower than those of the con-trol group(193.5 ±23.7)min,(5.8 ±2.1)d and (15.2 ±3.8)d;T-test values of the two groups were 2.874,3.125 and 3.433 separately(P<0.05);there were 2 cases(3.6%) of postoperative hemorrhage in the observation group of while 6 cases(20.0%) in the control group,whose difference was statistically significant (χ2 =6.097,P<0.05);In the observation group 4 cases(7.3%) died after operation and also 4 cases(13.3%) died in the control group ,and the mortality of the two groups had no statistical significance (χ2 =0.836,P>0.05).6 months′follow-up after opera-tion,in the control group 2 cases were lost to follow-up while in the observation group 3 cases were lost to follow-up;Using ADL to evaluate the two groups of patients with survival and continuous follow-up,we found that the observation group′s postoperative quality of life was better than that of the control group′s(μ=3.325,P<0.05).Conclusion Using CT positioning keyhole approach has smaller trauma , shorter operation time and faster postoperative recovery and other characteristics,which is an effective method for the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).

Objective To analyze the clinical and anatomic characteristics of bridging bronchus (BB) malformation in children,and to explore its diagnostic strategy,treatment and risk factors.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 23 pediatric patients with BB who were admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center form May 2010 to October 2016.All their clinical features,imaging examination,treatment and prognosis were reviewed and analyzed.Results (1) Among the 23 patients with BB,15 were males and 8 were females.The age range of onset was 0 to 4 years old with a median age of 3.17 months.(2)The main clinical manifestations were cough (23/23 cases,100.0％),recurrent wheezing (20/23 cases,87.0％),cyanosis (8/23 cases,34.8％) and feeding diffficulty/slow body weight growth (6/23 cases,24.6％).(3) There were 17 cases of type Ⅰ and 4 cases of type Ⅱ according to Wells,and the other 2 cases were anterior BB.There were 2 cases with atypical anatomical morphology in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ respectively.(4) Twenty-one cases were associated with bronchial stenosis in which the origin of left main bronchus complicated with BB stenosis was the most common(5 cases).Bronchoscopy revealed bronchomalacia in 5 of the 16 patients.Sixteen patients associated with cardiac or vascular anomalies,11 of whom were compound anomalies,and the most common type was sling left pulmonary artery (SLPA) (12 cases).(5) Nine of 12 patients with SLPA received surgical management,ages ranging from 1 month to 8 years old.The respiratory symptoms remitted gradually or disappeared from 4 to 17 months after surgical management.Two died and one has been lost to follow-up among the remaining 3 patients with SLPA.Conclusions BB is a rare tracheobronchial malformation that is often associated with stenosis or bronchomalacia,and cardiac or vascular anomalies.The severity of the disease mainly depends on whether there is airway stenosis or malacia and its extent.The definitive diagnosis of BB requires the combination of different imaging modalities.The combination with simple SLPA could get better curative effect.

Objective:To establish an experimental model for intracellular antibacteria and endotoxin neutralization in vitro to detect the antibacterial and endotoxin neutralization activity of the muBPI_(25) protein.Methods: RAW264.7 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)muBPI_(36-259), and then were infected with intracellular bacterial of either G ~+/G~-to establish the experimental model of intracellalar antibacteria.The RAW264.7 cells were co-transfected with the pSecTag2B-muBPI_(36-259) and dual-luciferase reporter gene plasmids for establishment of the experimental model of endotoxin neutralization.Results:The experimental model of intracellular antibacteria confirmed that the muBPI_(25) protein could inhibit/kill Salmonella typhi.The experimental model of endotoxin neutralization indicated that the muBPI_(25) protein could neutralize endotoxin.Conelusion: We firstly demonstrate that murine BPI N-terminal functional fragment(muBPI_(25) protein)can inhibit/kill Salmonella typhi,and can neutralize, its lysating product, endotoxin.

Objective To evaluate the safety of Renaissance spine robot assisted system in spinal injury.Methods From March 2014 to May 2016,38 patients with spinal disease received spinal surgery assisted by spine robot system.They were 20 males and 18 females,with an average age of 42 years (range,from 12 to 69 years).There were 10 lumbar fractures,8 thoracic fractures and 20 spinal deformities.Pedicle screw implantation was conducted in 30 patients (PS group) and percutaneous vertebroplasty in 8 (PV group).One side was chosen randomly to use Mazor spine robot assisted system (assisted group) and the opposite side the conventional method (non-assisted group).The anteroposterior and lateral X-rays and CT scan of the lumbar and/or thoracic spine were performed in all patients after surgery.The precision of pedicle screws implantation in PS group was evaluated by the Abul-Kasimhierarchy grading system;location of the puncture trajectory,time used for puncture and radiation exposure time in PV group were evaluated.Results 208 pedicle screws were implanted in PS group,including 120 lumbar ones and 88 thoracic ones.For lumbar pedicle screw implantation,the excellent to good rate was 95.0％ (57/60) in the assisted group,significantly higher than that in the non-assisted group (80.0％,48/60) (P ＜ 0.05).For thoracic pedicle screw implantation,the excellent to good rate was 95.5％ (42/44) in the assisted group,significantly higher than that in the non-assisted group (77.3％,34/44) (P ＜ 0.05).There were 24 puncture trajectories in 8 patients in PV group,showing no pedicle penetration or cement leaking in any case.The mean time used for puncture was 5.5 ± 1.4 min in the assisted group,significantly shorter than that in the non-assisted group (17.8 ± 7.5 min) (P ＜ 0.05);the X-ray exposure time was 14.0 ± 4.0 s in the assisted group,significantly shorter than that in the non-assisted group (22.4 ± 6.0 s) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Renaissance spine robot-assisted system deserves more clinical application,because in spinal surgery it can make pedicle screw implantation more precise and safer,and can reduce operation time and X-ray exposure time in percutaneous vertebroplasty.

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular mechanism of continuous monoculture problem by constructing the cDNA libraries of continuous monoculture Rehmannia glutinosa.

METHODTo use the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique to construct the forward and reverse subtractive cDNA libraries of continuous monoculture R. glutinosa to adopt blue-white colony screening and PCR to detect the positive clones which would be sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics.

RESULTThe subtracted cDNA libraries of continuous monoculture R. glutinosa. were successfully constructed, and the result showed that the forward and reverse subtracted libraries obtained 300 positive clones, respectively. The forward and reverse libraries got different ESTs, and produced 232 (forward library) and 214 (reverse library) unique ESTs by sequencing. Based on homology search of BLASTX and BLASTN in NCBI, 200 and 195 of unique ESTs were homologous to known genes in the forward and reverse libraries, respectively. Categories of orthologous group (COG) showed that the forward and reverse libraries got 60 and 61 ESTs with the corresponding gene annotation, involving 21 metabolic pathways.

CONCLUSIONThe information of differential expression genes in continuous monoculture R. glutinosa, and their functional annotation of differentially expressed genes indicate that continuous monoculture has a profound effect on expression of the genes in R. glutinosa. Furthermore, the research analyzed several key genes in response to replant problem, which provided a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of continuous monoculture R. glutinosa.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of pulmonary artery sling (PAS) in children and to explore its diagnosis and treatment strategies and risk factors.Method:s A retrospective study was performed in 98 pediatric patients with PAS who were admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, from January 2011 to October 2018.All their clinical features, imaging examination, treatment and prognosis were reviewed and analyzed.Result:s (1) Among the 98 patients with PAS, 56 cases were male and 42 cases were female.The age range of onset was 0-19 months with the median age of 2 months, and the age range of diagnosis was 0-84 months with the median age of 4 months.(2) The main clinical manifestations were cough (61/98 cases, 62.24%), recurrent wheezing(47/98 cases, 47.96%), shortness of breath (43/98 cases, 43.88%), cyanosis (19/98 cases, 19.39%), and laryngeal stridor (8/98 cases, 8.16%) and so on.(3) Ninety-six patients underwent cardiac ultrasonography, and the diagnostic rate was 87.50%(84/96 cases), and 62 cases (62/96 cases, 64.58%) of them were found to be associated with other congenital cardiovascular anomalies, among which atrial septal defect was the most common (32/96 cases, 33.33%). (4) Chest CT and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed in 92 PAS children, and the diagnostic rate was 100.00%.Airway stenosis was mainly in the middle and lower sections of the main bronchus (76/92 cases, 82.61%), and bronchobridge was found in 13 cases (13/92 cases, 39.13%). Bronchoscopy was performed in 77 children with PAS, showing complete tracheal cartilage ring in 43 cases (43/77 cases, 55.84%), and tracheobronchomalacia in 13 cases (13/77 cases, 16.88%). (5) Among 67 cases who had received left pulmonary artery (LPA) reimplantation, 5 cases died after operation because of airway stenosis and weaning failure (LPA reconstruction was performed in 1 case, and both LPA reconstruction and tracheal intervention were performed in the other 4 cases), 24 cases lost to follow-up, 38 cases survived, and the respiratory symptoms were improved in 2 to 96 months of follow-up.There were 31 cases of non-surgical treatment, of which 18 cases died of respiratory failure, 7 cases lost to follow-up, and the rest 6 cases showed respiratory symptoms of different degrees in the follow-up period.(6) Multivariate regression analysis showed that conservative treatment was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of PAS ( OR=7.45, 95% CI: 1.23-48.68). Conclusions:The combination of cardiac ultrasound, chest CT and bronchoscopy is important to the diagnosis of PAS.LPA reconstruction is the main method to treat PAS, which can improve respiratory symptoms, but its fusion with tracheal intervention poses a high risk of death.Conservative treatment is an independent risk factor that affects the prognosis of PAS children.

The impact of plateau environment on cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is more complex and diverse than in plain areas. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, affected sites, and especially the pathogenesis of CVT in plateau areas.