Objective Clinical investigation of treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures by unilateral kyphoplasty.Methods After Surgical intervention of sixteen vertebral compression fractures by unilateral kyphoplasty,then investigate the changes of height and Cobb angle of vertebral bodies.Results All surgical procedures were finished safely.The mean height of the anterior and media vertebral bodies was 1.8?0.3cm,1.4?0.4cm preoperatively and 2.2?0.4cm、2.3?0.3cm postoperatively;the Cobb angle was decreased from 28.4??10.2? preoperatively to 19.2??4.5? postoperatively.The mean absolute value of the difference in height between right and left side of the vertebral bodies was 0.1cm in this group.Conclusions The kyphosis is improved and the operative time is reduced by unilateral kyphoplasty.Though this result is satisfied,more clinical studies are needed to be done for authenticating the effect of unilateral kyphoplasty on the treatment of vertebral compression fractures in the future.

Objective To evaluate the role of neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) in the spinal cord in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in a mouse model of incisional pain (IP) .Methods Fifty-six male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=8 each):control group (group C) ,IP group (group I) ,IP +remifentanil group (group IR ) , NRSF antisense oligonucleotide group (NAS group ) , IP + NRSF antisense oligonucleotide group (I+NAS group ) ,IP + remifentanil + NRSF mismatch oligonucleotide group (IR+NMS group) , and IP + remifentanil + NRSF antisense oligonucleotide group (IR + NAS group ) . Artificial cerebrospinal fluid 5 μl was injected intrathecally once a day for 3 consecutive days in C ,I and IR groups .NRSF antisense oligonucleotide NAS 10μg was injected intrathecally once a day for 3 consecutive days in NAS ,I+NAS and IR + NAS groups . NRSF mismatch oligonucleotide 10 μg was injected intrathecally once a day for 3 consecutive days in IR+NMS group .A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin ,fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the right hindpaw to establish the model of incisional pain in sevoflurane-anesthetized rats .At 30 min after the last injection ,normal saline 0.4 ml was infused subcutaneously in C and NAS groups ,the model was established and normal saline 0.4 ml was subcutaneously infused simultaneously in I and I+NAS groups ,and the model was established and remifentanil 0.04 mg/kg was subcutaneously infused simultaneously in IR ,IR+NMS and IR+NAS groups .At 3 days before operation (T0 ) ,4 h before operation (T1 ) and 4 ,12 ,24 and 48 h after operation (T1-5 ) ,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey stimuli (PMWT ) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal nociceptive stimulus (PTWL ) were measured .Results Compared with C group ,the PWMT and PWTL were significantly decreased at T2-5 in I ,IR ,I+NAS ,IR+NMS and IR+NAS groups ( P<0.05) ,and no significant change was found in the PWMT and PWTL at each time point in NAS group ( P>0.05 ) .Compared with I group ,the PWMT and PWTL were significantly decreased at T2-5 in IR and IR+NMS groups ( P<0.05) , and no significant change was found in the PWMT and PWTL at each time point in I +NAS group ( P>0.05) . Compared with IR group ,no significant change was found in the PWMT and PWTL at each time point in IR+NMS group ( P>0.05) ,and the PWMT and PWTL were significantly increased at T2-5 in IR+NAS group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion NRSF in the spinal cord is involved in the development and maintenance of hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in a mouse model of IP .

OBJECTIVETo investigate gay identity status of men who have sex with men(MSM) in Xinjiang, and analyze its association with sexual behaviors.

METHODSFrom May to August in 2013, an anonymous questionnaire survey with convenience sampling was conducted among MSM in Urumqi, Kashgar, Aksu and Yining cities of Xinjiang. Those who were ≥ 16 years of age and claimed to have male-to-male sex behaviors were eligible for the survey. A total of 1 467 participants were recruited. Chi square analysis was performed for examining the association between ego-identity, social-identity and relevant sexual behaviors. Selected variables associated with ego-identity, social-identity in the univariate analysis were subsequently assessed in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

RESULTSThe MSM with positive ego-identity accounted for 44.7% (656/1 467), and positive social-identity accounted for 29.1% (427/1 467). For ego-identity, Uyghur MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR (95%CI) was 0.43 (0.32-0.58) ) ; those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR (95%CI) was 0.61 (0.47-0.80) );and homosexuals were more positive than bisexuals (OR (95%CI) was 1.98 (1.50-2.61) ). For social-identity, Hui MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR (95%CI) was 0.61 (0.42-0.88) ); those whose education level was higher than college were less positive than those with junior high education (OR (95%CI) was 0.60 (0.40-0.89) ); famers/herdsmen were more positive than students (OR (95%CI) was 4.17 (2.13-8.17) ); the divorced/widowed were more positive than the singles (OR (95%CI) was 2.40 (1.34-4.29) ); those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR (95%CI) was 0.59 (0.44-0.81) ). Among the MSM with negative ego-identity and negative social-identity, the proportion of planning to get married with women was 66.8% (267/400) and 76.5% (306/400), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity (33.2% (133/400)) and positive social-identity (23.5% (94/400)) ; their proportion of intending to have offspring was 62.0% (287/463) and 73.4% (340/463), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity and social-identity (38.0% (176/463), 26.6% (123/463)) (χ(2) = 39.61 and 7.90, respectively, both P values were <0.05). Among the MSM with negative social-identity, the proportion of looking for male sexual partners in toilets or parks was 18.1% (188/1 040), in bathhouse or sauna was 17.3% (180/1 040), and through internet was 82.0% (853/1 040), which were higher than those with positive social-identity (8.9% (38/427), 9.8% (42/427) and 61.6% (263/427)) (χ(2) = 66.78, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn 2013, the gay identity of MSM in Xinjiang was relatively poor, and the factors associated with it included ethnicity, occupation, marital status and education level. The MSM with negative identity tended to involve in risk sexual behaviors, and had increased risk of HIV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bisexuality ; China ; Data Collection ; Demography ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Self Concept ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Social Identification ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes of Mu-opioid receptor (Mor) and neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) in periaquductal gray (PAG) in mouse models of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. METHODS: Thirty-two Kun-Ming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 mice in each group): Group C (mice underwent a sham procedure and saline was infused subcutaneously over a period of 30 min), Group I (mice underwent a surgical incision and the same volume of saline), Group R (mice underwent a sham procedure and remifentanil was infused subcutaneously at the moment of surgical incision over a period of 30 min), and group IR (mice underwent a surgical incision and remifentanil). Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) tests were performed 24 h before the operation and 2, 6, 24, and 48 h after the operation. The specimens were collected after behavioral testings at 48 h. The expressions of Mor and NRSF in mice's PAG neurons were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia developed in Group I, R and IR (P<0.01). Intraoperative infusion of remifentanil enhanced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice with planta incision (P<0.01). In Group R and Group IR, the expression of Mor was significantly lower (P<0.01) and NRSF was significantly higher (P<0.01) when compared with Group C and Group I. CONCLUSION Intraoperative infusion of remifentanil induces postoperative hyperalgesia in mouse models, accompanied with decreased expressions of Mor and increased of NRSF level in PAG neurons, which may be involved in remifentanil induced hyperalgesia.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hyperalgesia ; chemically induced ; Mice ; Pain, Postoperative ; Periaqueductal Gray ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Piperidines ; administration & dosage ; Receptors, Opioid, mu ; metabolism ; Remifentanil ; Repressor Proteins ; metabolism

Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) is the DNA fragment released into blood by tumor cells.Wheather it presents or not and its plasma concentration are closely related to the prognosis of patients. The common detection methods of ctDNA include digital polymerase chain reaction,second-generation sequencing,methylation detection technology and so on. Detecting specific point mutations or methylation of ctDNA can not only assist in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,but also be expected to identify pancreatic cancer at an early stage. Detecting ctDNA after operation can help predicting tumor recurrence and metastasis effectively,so that patients with high recurrence and metastasis risks can be intervened in advance. Accordingly,this article intends to review detection technology of ctDNA and its clinical applications in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the prediction of tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery,and the evaluation of patient prognosis.

Objective To investigate gay identity status of men who have sex with men ( MSM) in Xinjiang,and analyze its association with sexual behaviors.Methods From May to August in 2013, an anonymous questionnaire survey with convenience sampling was conducted among MSM in Urumqi , Kashgar , Aksu and Yining cities of Xinjiang.Those who were ≥16 years of age and claimed to have male-to-male sex behaviors were eligible for the survey.A total of 1 467 participants were recruited.Chi square analysis was performed for examining the association between ego-identity, social-identity and relevant sexual behaviors.Selected variables associated with ego-identity, social-identity in the univariate analysis were subsequently assessed in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Results The MSM with positive ego-identity accounted for 44.7% ( 656/1 467 ) , and positive social-identity accounted for 29.1% ( 427/1 467 ).For ego-identity, Uyghur MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR(95%CI) was 0.43(0.32-0.58));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation ( OR ( 95% CI ) was 0.61 (0.47-0.80));and homosexuals were more positive than bisexuals (OR(95%CI) was 1.98(1.50-2.61)).For social-identity , Hui MSM were less positive than Han MSM ( OR ( 95%CI ) was 0.61 ( 0.42-0.88 ) );those whose education level was higher than college were less positive than those with junior high education (OR(95%CI) was 0.60(0.40-0.89));famers/herdsmen were more positive than students (OR(95%CI) was 4.17(2.13-8.17)); the divorced/widowed were more positive than the singles (OR(95%CI) was 2.40(1.34-4.29));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR(95%CI) was 0.59(0.44-0.81)).Among the MSM with negative ego-identity and negative social-identity, the proportion of planning to get married with women was 66.8% ( 267/400 ) and 76.5%(306/400), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity(33.2%(133/400))and positive social-identity ( 23.5% ( 94/400 ) ); their proportion of intending to have offspring was 62.0%(287/463) and 73.4%(340/463), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity and social-identity(38.0% (176/463), 26.6% (123/463)) (χ2 =39.61 and 7.90, respectively, both P values were <0.05).Among the MSM with negative social-identity, the proportion of looking for male sexual partners in toilets or parks was 18.1% ( 188/1 040 ) , in bathhouse or sauna was 17.3%(180/1 040), and through internet was 82.0% (853/1 040), which were higher than those with positive social-identity(8.9% (38/427), 9.8% (42/427) and 61.6% (263/427)) (χ2 =66.78, P<0.01).Conclusion In 2013,the gay identity of MSM in Xinjiang was relatively poor , and the factors associated with it included ethnicity , occupation , marital status and education level.The MSM with negative identity tended to involve in risk sexual behaviors , and had increased risk of HIV infection .

Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) is the DNA fragment released into blood by tumor cells.Wheather it presents or not and its plasma concentration are closely related to the prognosis of patients. The common detection methods of ctDNA include digital polymerase chain reaction,second-generation sequencing,methylation detection technology and so on. Detecting specific point mutations or methylation of ctDNA can not only assist in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,but also be expected to identify pancreatic cancer at an early stage. Detecting ctDNA after operation can help predicting tumor recurrence and metastasis effectively,so that patients with high recurrence and metastasis risks can be intervened in advance. Accordingly,this article intends to review detection technology of ctDNA and its clinical applications in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the prediction of tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery,and the evaluation of patient prognosis.

Objective To investigate gay identity status of men who have sex with men ( MSM) in Xinjiang,and analyze its association with sexual behaviors.Methods From May to August in 2013, an anonymous questionnaire survey with convenience sampling was conducted among MSM in Urumqi , Kashgar , Aksu and Yining cities of Xinjiang.Those who were ≥16 years of age and claimed to have male-to-male sex behaviors were eligible for the survey.A total of 1 467 participants were recruited.Chi square analysis was performed for examining the association between ego-identity, social-identity and relevant sexual behaviors.Selected variables associated with ego-identity, social-identity in the univariate analysis were subsequently assessed in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Results The MSM with positive ego-identity accounted for 44.7% ( 656/1 467 ) , and positive social-identity accounted for 29.1% ( 427/1 467 ).For ego-identity, Uyghur MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR(95%CI) was 0.43(0.32-0.58));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation ( OR ( 95% CI ) was 0.61 (0.47-0.80));and homosexuals were more positive than bisexuals (OR(95%CI) was 1.98(1.50-2.61)).For social-identity , Hui MSM were less positive than Han MSM ( OR ( 95%CI ) was 0.61 ( 0.42-0.88 ) );those whose education level was higher than college were less positive than those with junior high education (OR(95%CI) was 0.60(0.40-0.89));famers/herdsmen were more positive than students (OR(95%CI) was 4.17(2.13-8.17)); the divorced/widowed were more positive than the singles (OR(95%CI) was 2.40(1.34-4.29));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR(95%CI) was 0.59(0.44-0.81)).Among the MSM with negative ego-identity and negative social-identity, the proportion of planning to get married with women was 66.8% ( 267/400 ) and 76.5%(306/400), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity(33.2%(133/400))and positive social-identity ( 23.5% ( 94/400 ) ); their proportion of intending to have offspring was 62.0%(287/463) and 73.4%(340/463), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity and social-identity(38.0% (176/463), 26.6% (123/463)) (χ2 =39.61 and 7.90, respectively, both P values were <0.05).Among the MSM with negative social-identity, the proportion of looking for male sexual partners in toilets or parks was 18.1% ( 188/1 040 ) , in bathhouse or sauna was 17.3%(180/1 040), and through internet was 82.0% (853/1 040), which were higher than those with positive social-identity(8.9% (38/427), 9.8% (42/427) and 61.6% (263/427)) (χ2 =66.78, P<0.01).Conclusion In 2013,the gay identity of MSM in Xinjiang was relatively poor , and the factors associated with it included ethnicity , occupation , marital status and education level.The MSM with negative identity tended to involve in risk sexual behaviors , and had increased risk of HIV infection .

Objective To analyze the sex specific mortality in HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and risk factors in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region (Xinjiang),and provide evidence for the evaluation of the effect of HAART.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the mortality and survival of 8 061 male cases and 6 001 female cases of HIV infection,who received HAART during July 2004-June 2013 in Xinjiang.The information of the cases were downloaded from national antiretroviral therapy reporting sub-system in national HIV/AIDS reporting system.Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the risk factors of deaths.Results The male cases were older and had lower CD4 value at baseline compared with the female cases.The major transmission route was injecting drug use in males,but sexual contact in females.The overall mortality of the male cases was higher than that of the females,which was 10.87/100 person-years during the first three month after receiving HAART,and 7.00/100 person-years two years later in males,but 4.77/100 person-years during the first three month and 3.00/100 person-years two years later in females.The results from Cox analysis showed that the risk factors were the CD4 value at baseline and transmission route.Compared with the cases who had lower CD4 value (CD4＜200 cells/μl) at baseline,the HR for the cases who had higher CD4 value (CD4 ≥ 350 cells/μl) was 4.08 (95％ CI:2.96-5.62) in males and 5.11 (95％CI:3.16-8.35) in females.Compared with sexual transmission,the HR for IDUs was 1.99 (95％CI:1.66-2.40) in males and 1.77 (95％ CI:1.24-2.52) in females.The results of cumulative survival analysis showed that in conventional treatment group (CD4＜350 cells/μl),the five year survival rates were 81％ and 87％ for the males and females infected through sexual contact and 66％ and 75％ for the males and females infected through injecting drug use,and in early treatment group (CD4≥350 cells/μl),the five year survival rates were 97％ and 98％ for the males and females infected through sexual contact and 86％ and 97％ for the males and females infected through injecting drug use.Conclusion In Xinjiang,the higher mortality in male HIV infection cases receiving HAART was related with lower CD4 value at baseline and higher infection rate through injecting drug use.Besides the weak intention for treatment and poor compliancy would be the deeper risk factors.

Objective To understand the misreporting rate regarding the routes of transmission among the reported HIV patients in Yili prefecture of Xinjiang,since 2011.Methods An investigation focusing on the route of transmission among people living with HIV/AIDS was carried out to clarify the responsible reasons for the situation.Results The overall incorrect reporting rate on the route of transmission was 10.8％.The proportion of heterosexual transmission route was over estimated by 63.8％ to 72.0％.However,the proportion of injecting drug was underestimated by 27.5％ to 22.2％.The number of cases being confirmed as through heterosexual transmission but incorrectly reported was quite high,contributing 82.6％ of all the incorrectly reported cases.Most of the patients that incorrect reported,were moved from injecting drug use to heterosexual transmission,which contributed 79.5％ of all the total incorrectly reported cases.Results from multi-factor analysis showed that the risk related to incorrect reporting was 3.64 times in males than in females.People who anticipated to receive HIV testing were 2.23 times more than those who had not.Old-age groups were 3.511,4.053,4.415 and 6.524 times higher than those people who were aged below 16 years.Conclusions The proportion of heterosexual transmission route was over-estimated while the proportion on injecting drug use was underestimated.However,the transmission pattern had changed from injecting drug use at the early epidemic stage,to current sexual transmission mode.We recommended that more attentions should be paid to patients who were males,at older age or those who had no expectation in receiving the HIV testing,during the initial following-up stage.