AIM:To observe the effect of preconditioning with pioglitazone on ischemia reperfusion/hypoxia reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial ultramicro-structure and membrane potential in rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO) group, ischemia reperfusion (IR) group, pioglitazone preconditioning group (Pio-P) and 5-HD+pioglitazone (5-HD+Pio) group. Apart from the SO group, IR, Pio-P and 5-HD+Pio groups were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 4 h reperfusion. The heart was quickly removed for observing the structure of mitochondria and measurement of the apoptosis index (AI) by TUNEL. Primary cultured cardiomyocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, hypoxic reoxygenation (HR) and different concentrations of Pio-P group. JC-1 staining flowcytometry was adopted to examine mitochondrial membrane potential (?m). RESULTS: The injury of mitochondrial structure in IR group was severer than that in Pio-P group, while the difference between 5-HD+Pio group and IR group was not evident. Flameng score in Pio-P group(1.62?0.60) was significantly lower than that in IR group (2.75?1.09), P0.05). CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone protects the heart from ischemia reperfusion/ hypoxia reoxygenation injury evidenced by improving mitochondrial ultrastructure and lessening the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreasing apoptosis. The cardioprotective effects can be inhibited by the blocker of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on inflammatory factor levels and vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods: A total of 112 CHD patients treated in our hospital were selected.According to random number table, they were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and atorvastatin group, and both groups were treated for eight weeks.Serum levels of inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial function before and after treatment, angina pectoris and ECG therapeutic effect after treatment, and incidence of adverse reactions during medication were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before treatment, after treatment, there were significant reductions in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and endothelin (ET)-1, and significant rise in nitric oxide (NO) level, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac output (CO) in both groups,P<0.01 all;compared with routine treatment group after treatment, there were significant reductions in serum levels of IL-6 [(157.42±30.13) pg/ml vs.(129.83±27.31) pg/ml], TNF-α [(25.41±2.67) ng/L vs.(21.38±2.13) ng/L], CRP [(19.87±2.78) mg/L vs.(17.13±2.04) mg/L], ICAM-1 [(81.23±19.83) pg/ml vs.(64.31±15.46) pg/ml] and ET-1 [(1.45±0.34) pg/ml vs.(0.87±0.23) pg/ml], and significant rise in NO level [(53.27±5.31) mmol/L vs.(58.72±5.46) mmol/L], LVEF [(52.37±5.38)% vs.(63.19±5.79)%] and CO [(4.58±0.78) L/min vs.(5.13±0.82) L/min] in atorvastatin group, P<0.01 all.Compared with routine treatment group, there were significant rise in total effective rates of angina pectoris (73.22% vs.89.29%) and ECG (66.07% vs.83.93%) in atorvastatin group, P<0.05 both.There were no serious adverse drug reactions in two groups.Conclusion: Atorvastatin can significantly improve inflammation state and vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of integrated pharmaceutical care (IPC) in community-based patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods The COPD patients were divided randomly into intervention group (group A,n =79) and control group (group B,n =71).Group A received the IPC intervention measures,including serial lectures of pharmaceutical knowledge,home supervision and web-based communications for while group B group had none.Results As compared with group B,group A obviously improved on the knowledge of pharmaceutical treatment effect and side effect (95.1％,67.4％ vs.63.1％,21.9％,x2 =12.445,P=0.000 vs.x2 =55.557,P=0.000).There were notable differences between two groups [ ( 1.77 ± 1.23 ) vs.( 2.42 ± 1.66 ) s,t =2.583,P=0.011],pulmonary rales [ (0.01 vs.0.01)s,Z =2.370,P=0.018],6-min walk distance (6 MWD) [ (457 ± 67 ) vs.(425 ± 72) m,t =2.760,P =0.007 ],vital capacity ( VC ) [ ( 1.60 ± 0.25 ) vs.( 1.49 ± 0.23 ) L,t =2.718,P =0.007 ) ] andquality-of-life items ( 48 ± 10 vs.52 ± 11,t =2.624,P =0.010) after intervention.Analyze of cost-effectiveness show that groupA was superior to group B [ total effect total cost(TE/TC =764.6/4936,15.49％ )vs.(TE/TC =1509.4/4708),32.06％,x2 =6.183,P ＜ 0.01 ].Conclusion IPC can improve the disease condition and achieve excellent cost-effectiveness for community-based COPD patients.

Objective To comprehensively analyze of risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary embolism,and provide the basis for the prevention of clinical decision-making.Methods Using Meta-analysis to find out the domestic risk factors of pulmonary embolism with a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative method,and RevMan 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software were used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 11 research literature was included,with a total sample size of 1 459 cases,including DVT,cancer,operation history within 6 weeks,long-term bedridden ≥ 7 d and COPD which were associated with pulmonary embolism,the pooled odd rate (95％ CI) were 10.41 (4.54,23.87),6.79 (2.37,19.43),2.63 (1.12,6.19),3.48 (1.15,10.58),2.36 (1.45,3.84).It could not be certain that past history of thrombosis and smoking history were related to pulmonary embolism,their pooled OR (95％ CI) were 2.06 (0.80,5.33),1.57 (0.87,2.82).Conclusions Bedridden ≥ 7 d,cancer,DVT,operation history within 6 weeks and COPD are major risk factors for incidence of pulmonary embolism.Pulmonary embolism in high-risk groups should be dealt with early intervention.

Objective To investigate the impact on renal fibrosis by inhibition of connective tissue growth factor( CTGF) by RNA interference in spontaneous hypertension rat( SHR) . Method Twenty SHR were randomly (random number) divided into SHR group ( n = 10) and RNAi group ( n = 10), eight Wistar-Kyoto rats were set as control. At the end of RNA interference procedure, all the rats were sacrificed and the kidneys were harvested. The mRNA and plasmosin of CTGF and fibronectin(FN) of renal tissue were extracted and measured by RT-PCR and Western Blotting. And the localization of CTGF and FN were analyzed with immunohistochernistry technique. The collagen deposition(shown as collagen volume traction, CVF) were evaluated with 0.1% sirius-picric staining, and the hydroxyproline of myocardium were detected by colorimetry. Results The mRNA and protein expression of CTGF decreased 66% and 62% in RNAi group (P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein expression of FN decreased 56% and 51% in RNAi group.The same inhibition effect was observed by hislological analysis. Immuno-histochemistry showed that CTGF localized both in renal parenchyma and renal interstitium, whereas FN majorly expressed in renal interstitium. Observation with light microscope showed that collagen deposition(CVF)decreased sharply in RNAi group versus SHR group. And the same effect was viewed in hydroxypnoline assay[SHR group: (0.596 ± 0.067) μg/mg, RNAi group: (0.368±0.084) μg/mg, P < 0.01 ] .Further study by polarized microscope displayed that RNA interference mainly suppressed type I collagen synthesis. Conclusions Targeted inhibition of CTGF by RNA interference leads significant decrease of extracellular matrix deposition in kidney. And the anti-fibrotic effect independent of lower the blood pressure. This study indicated CTGF take a key role in the development and progress of renal fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the progress and effectiveness of water-improving defluoridation projects comprehensively in control of fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Hubei Province,and to provide a scientific basis for making strategies in prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.Methods All villages affected by fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas were selected in Hubei Province,in which the progress and effectiveness of water-improving and defluoridation projects were investigated in 2015.Those villages were chosen to determine fluoride content of drinking water,and to check the prevalence of dental fluorosis of children 8 to 12 years old.Water fluoride content was tested with fluoride ion-selective electrode,and dental fluorosis was diagnosed by the Dean method.Results The water improvement projects were completed in 197 villages in the 30 disease affected counties (cities) with accomplishment rate 100.00％ (197/197),geometric mean of water fluorine 0.36 mg/L,qualified rate of water fluorine 100.00％ (197/197) and normal operation rate of the water-improvement projects 95.94％ (189/197).Totally 14 856 children aged 8-12 were examined their dental fluorosis.The prevalence rate was 1.78％ (265/14 856) and the dental fluorosis index was 0.04,which meant epidemic strength was negative.Totally 29 out of the 30 disease affected counties (cities) had met the disease control standards.Conclusion The prevalence of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Hubei Province has been under control,but management and monitoring of the water improvement projects still should be strengthened.

Objective: To identify the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) with different sex roles, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control strategies for HIV infection among MSM. Methods: Peer-driven sampling method was employed to recruit MSM in a city in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information and sexual behaviors, and laboratory tests were conducted to detect HIV and syphilis antibodies. The characteristics of sexual behaviors among MSM with different sex roles and prevalence of HIV infection were analyzed, and factors affecting HIV infection among MSM were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 666 MSM were investigated, with a mean age of (28.70±8.09) years and 577 local residents (86.64%). There were 166 insertive MSM (24.92%), 179 receptive MSM (26.88%) and 321 both receptive and insertive MSM (48.20%). The HIV infection rate was 8.26%, with 3.61% in insertive MSM, 13.41% in receptive MSM, and 7.79% in both receptive and insertive MSM. Significant differences were seen in age, recruitment route, sexual orientation, age of first homosexual sex, condom use with temporary partners and HIV infection rate among different sex roles (all P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that insertive MSM had a lower risk of HIV infection than both receptive and insertive MSM (OR=0.513, 95%CI: 0.272-0.969), while there was no significant difference in the risk of HIV infection between receptive MSM and both receptive and insertive MSM (OR=2.088, 95%CI: 0.081-5.380). Conclusions The risk of HIV infection among receptive and both receptive and insertive MSM are higher than that among insertive MSM. Classified measures should be taken to reduce the transmission of HIV in this population.

Abstract: To explore the mechanism of the intestinal microecology regulation by polysaccharide prebiotics, ELISA, histopathologic analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to investigate the effects of fermented polysaccharides on changes in the intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model and their relationship with the level of intestinal inflammation and barrier protein expression. It was found that fermented Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (FLBP) significantly reduced intestinal inflammation level, improved colonic tissue structure, up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and ZO-1, and significantly increased the content of intestinal SCFAs in mice. Gut bacteria analyses showed that FLBP enriched intestinal Dubosiella and Akkermansia in mice and decreased the abundance of Turicibacter, Faecalibaculum, and Escherichia-Shigella. Results showed that remodeled Dubosiella activated by FLBP played a dominant role in ameliorating colitis by significantly increasing SCFAs content, improving intestinal barrier and reducing intestinal inflammation. The study aimed to provide a safer and better option for the amelioration of colitis and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods with FLBP.

Objective To know the changing characteristics of residents' iodine nutritional status after eating salt with different iodine concentrations in Hubei Province,according to the assessment standard of iodine nutrition recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD provide a scientific standard for appropriate iodine concentration in edible salt.Methods According to inhabitants' salt and urine surveillance of Hubei in 2010,Xinzhou District,Tianmen City and Changyang County were selected for trial.Salt with two kinds of iodine content was used in 3 trial areas in 4 months for the study of community intervention.Before the intervention,3 months and 4 months after the intervention,urine samples of observed participants(40 from 8-10 old children,40 from pregnant women or lactating women and 40 from adults aged older than 18) were collected and tested.The urinary medians of different groups of people and at different times were calculated and compared.Results Three months and 4 months after the intervention,in those towns using iodized salt of (15 ± 3) mg/kg,the urinary medians of children,declined from 294.2 μg/L to 185.6,195.7 μg/L,respectively.The urinary medians of pregnant women or lactating women dropped from 269.0 μg/L to 141.7,176.1 μg/L.For adults aged 18 and older,the urinary medians changed from 304.9 μg/L to 199.7,202.2 μg/L.In those trial towns of using (25 ± 3)mg/kg iodized salt,the urinary medians of children,pregnant women or lactating women and adults older than 18 all went down from 301.1 μg/L to 229.7,253.8 μg/L,from 261.4.0 μg/L to 196.6 and 206.5 μg/L and from 379.7 μg/L to 244.3,237.4 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions According to the assessment standard of iodine nutrition recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD and the decreasing of urinary iodine median and per capita daily salt intake,salt with 25 mg/kg iodine is suitable as the average level of salt iodine concentration after the adjustment in Hubei Province.

The‘eighteen clashes’and‘nineteen fears’have been tought of traditional prohibited combination in long time,but many examples show ginseng and trogopterus dung could be safely used after compatibility,so many scholars fouce on the essential of compatibility.While people can not reach an accordant consideration for compatibility of Ginseng with Trogopterus Dung,therefore we have a overview based on documents for about 30 years,which will provide evidences for researching systematically on the nature of compatibility of Ginseng with Trogopterus Dung.