To study the bioequivalence of a kind of progesterone sustained release suppository, a randomized cross-over study was conducted in 12 rabbits. A single rectal dose of 2.75 mg/kg progesterone sustained released suppository (tested formulation, T) and progesterone suppository (reference formulation, R) was administered; a multiple dose of 2.75 mg/kg was given up to seven times with an interval of 8 h. Concentrations in serum were determined by a competitive enzyme immunoassay. The main parameters of T were: for single and multiple doses, Cmax was 48.8 +/- 11.8 ng/mL and 43.5 +/- 9.4 ng/mL, Tmax was 0.5 +/- 0.3 h and 0.4 +/- 0.3 h, AUC(0-24 h) was 362.4 +/- 143 ng x h x mL(-1) and 310.6 +/- 70.3 ng x h x mL(-1), respectively. The relative bioavailability of T to R were (104.2 +/- 13.4)% and (111.4 +/- 19.1)%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the two formulations were bioequivalent and T had sustained released feature.
Administration, Rectal ; Biological Availability ; Cross-Over Studies ; Progesterone/administration & dosage ; Progesterone/*pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Suppositories

Objective To investigate the significance of procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),white blood cell(WBC) and other inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of pediatric patients with HFMD.Methods 138 cases of pediatric patients with foot and mouth disease(study group)and 50 cases of healthy children(control group)were recruited in the study.Procalcitonin (PCT),white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil count(NC),lymphocyte count(Ly),immunoglobulins,C-reactive protein and other indi-cators were determined and compared.Results PCT,CRP,WBC,NC,Ly% and IgM levels were higher in study group than those in control group,the differences were all statistically significant(P <0.05 );IgG,IgA levels in control group were lower than that in control group,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion PCT,WBC,NC,Ly,CRP and IgA,IgG,IgM can provide experimental evidence for diagnosis of children with hand foot and mouth disease.

To study the bioequivalence of a kind of progesterone sustained release suppository, a randomized cross-over study was conducted in 12 rabbits. A single rectal dose of 2.75 mg/kg progesterone sustained released suppository (tested formulation, T) and progesterone suppository(reference formulation, R) was administered; a multiple dose of 2.75 mg/kg was given up to seven times with an interval of 8 h. Concentrations in serum were determined by a competitive enzyme immunoassay. The main parameters of T were: for single and multiple doses, Cmax was 48.8±11.8ng/mL and 43.5±9.4 ng/mL, Tmax was 0.5±0.3 h and 0.4±0.3 h, AUC(0-24h) was 362.4±143 ng·h·mL-1 and 310.6±70.3ng ·h·mL-1,respectively.The relative bioavailability of T to R were ( 104.2 ±13.4) % and ( 111.4 ± 19. 1 ) %, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the two formulations were bioequivalent and T had sustained released feature.

Objective:To investigate effects of a novel synthetic immunostimulator CH1b containing thiazolidin-4-one on the immunoregulation funotion of iNKT ( invariant nature killer T ) cells in active RA patients in vitro.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells( PBMCs) isolated from active RA patients were cultured with stimulation of α-Galcer and IL-2 in vitro and iNKT cells were then separated by using magnetic activated cell sorting( MACS) method with iNKT isolation kit.The cells were divided into three groups:control group (IL-2),α-Galcer group (IL-2+α-Galcer),CH1b group(IL-2 +CH1b).The effects of CH1b on the proliferation of iNKT cells in active RA patients were analyzed by using MTT assay.MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine kit was used to evaluate the secretion of IFN-γand IL-4 in iNKT cells culture media.The expressions of IFN-γmRNA and IL-4 mRNA in iNKT cells were analyzed by RT-PCR.Results: Compared with control and α-Galcer group,the proliferation of iNKT cells of CH1b group were significantly higher( P<0.05).Compared with control,the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in iNKT cells culture media in active RA patients of CH1b group were significantly lower (P<0.05).Compared with control,expressions of IFN-γmRNA and IL-4 mRNA were higher inα-Galcer group;compared with control,expressions of IL-4 mRNA were higher in CH1b group,while there were no obvious difference on expressions of IFN-γmRNA.Conclusion:CH1b was found to significantly stimulate the actived iNKT cells in active RA patients proliferation,promote the secretion of IL-4,and increase the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4,promote the expression of IL-4 mRNA in iNKT cells in active patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of a novel synthetic immunostimulator CH2b containing thiazolidin-4-one on the function of invariant nature killer T (iNKT) cells isolated from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients with active RA were in vitro cultured with α-Galcer and IL-2.The iNKT cells were separated by using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) method.The effects of CH2b on the proliferation of iNKT cells were analyzed by using MTT assay.MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine kit was used to measure the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatants of iNKT cell culture.The expressions of IFN-γand IL-4 at mRNA level in iNKT cells were analyzed by RT-PCR.Western blot assay was used to detect the levels of T-bet and GATA-3 in iNKT cells.Results CH2b significantly enhanced the proliferation of IL-2 activated iNKT cells isolated from the patients with active RA.CH2b promoted the secretion of IL-4,resulting in a decrease in the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4.Moreover,CH2b promoted the expressions of GATA-3 and IL-4 at mRNA level in iNKT cells.Conclusion The novel immunostimulator,CH2b,might enhance the immunoregulatory effects of iNKT cells by promoting the GATA-3 pathway-mediated secretion of Th2-1ike cytokines and inducing the differentiation of Th0 to Th2 cells.

The implementation of the global budget system requires the hospitals to be supported by advanced medical insurance information management systems.The design and application of the medical insurance information management platform at the hospital can optimize management processes,improve the management level,save management costs,establish database,and promote the development of medical insurance.

AIM:To observe the effects of Egr-1 gene transfection on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1) , and to investigate the role of Egr-1 in the pathogenesis of dia-betic nephropathy .METHODS:The diabetic mouse model was established .Ten mice were randomly selected as the dia-betic group .The remaining 40 mice were injected with empty plasmid , Egr-1 expression plasmid or Egr-1 siRNA plasmid via the tail vein once a week.The normal control group was also set up .The animals were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week.The renal tissues were harvested .The expressions of Egr-1, TNF-αand ICAM-1 were detected by immunohisto-chemistry and Western blot .The pathological changes were observed under electron microscope .RESULTS: In diabetic mouse kidney, the expression of Egr-1, TNF-αand ICAM-1 was increased, and irregular thickening of glomerular basement membrane , mesangial expansion and fusion of foot were observed .The change trend was more significant in Egr-1 gene transfection group , and these changes in siRNA plasmid transfection group were obviously reduced compared with diabetes group.CONCLUSION:Egr-1 up-regulates the expression of TNF-αand ICAM-1, and induces mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial extracellular matrix accumulation , which is probably one of the mechanisms of accelerating glomerulosclerosis .

Objective To investigate the alterations of invariant nature killer T( iNKT) cells in peripheral blood samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) and to clarify the correlation between the percentage of iNKT cells and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in order to further understand the significance of iNKT cells in the development of RA.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) were isola-ted from 70 patients with RA and 40 healthy subjects.Among them, thirty patients in the stage of inactive RA were involved in a follow-up study.Fluorescence activated cell sorting ( FACS) was used to detect the percentage of iNKT cells.PBMCs were cultured in vitro for analysis of cytokine production.The dynamic changes of iNKT cells in percentages were analyzed by FACS.MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemo-kine kit was used to measure the secretion of IFN-γand IL-4 in serum samples and culture media of PBMCs. The expression of IFN-γand IL-4 in iNKT cells at mRNA level were analyzed by RT-PCR.Results Com-pared with the healthy subjects, the patients with active RA showed the delayed proliferation of iNKT cells and the decreased percentages and proliferation rates of iNKT cells (P<0.05).The percentages and prolif-eration rates of iNKT cells in patients with active RA were significantly lower than those in patients with inac-tive RA (P<0.05).No statistical significant differences with iNKT cells were found between healthy sub-jects and patients with inactive RA (P>0.05).The ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum samples and culture media of PBMCs were increased in patients with active RA as compared with those in patients with inactive RA and healthy subjects (P<0.05).No statistical significant differences with the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 were observed between healthy subjects and patients with inactive RA (P>0.05).Compared with healthy subjects and patients with inactive RA, patients with active RA showed increased transcriptional level of IFN-γand decreased transcriptional level of IL-4.No significant differences with the expression of IFN-γand IL-4 in iNKT cells at mRNA level were observed between healthy subjects and patients with inactive RA.The per-centage of iNKT cells was negatively related to the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in patients with RA (P<0.05).Con-clusion Decreased percentage and impaired function of iNKT cells were detected in patients with RA. iNKT cells were closely related to the development and disease activity of RA.

BACKGROUND:Due to limitations of the physicochemical properties of soft denture liner material itself, whisker has been added in the soft lining material in recent years, so as to enhance its mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different additive amount of anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker on the mechanical function of self-curing soft denture liner. METHODS: There were six groups in this experiment. Anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker at the mass fraction of 0 (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% was respectively added into self-curing soft liner materials, 10 test specimens in each group, a total of 60 test specimens. The shear bond strength, Shore hardness and tensile strength were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the increasing amount of the anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker, the Shore hardness of the soft lining material was increased continuously, and the tensile strength was increased firstly and then reduced. When 3% anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was added, the bond strength and tensile strength of soft lining material reached the peak. Taken together, the mechanical properties of the soft lining materials became perfect when 3% anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was added. These results demonstrate that anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker may affect the mechanical properties of self-curing soft liner.

Objective To evaluate the demand for midwives in Yunnan province utilizing Birthrate Plus for planning and development of such workforce. Methods A convenient sample method was used to investigate 8435 maternal cases at 9 hospitals in Yunnan province in four months from 9 - 12 in 2017, and Birthrate Plus was used to calculate the demand for midwifery at each hospital. We also analyzed the two core elements of Birthrate Plus- maternal category allocation and midwife hours of each hospital. Results Maternal cases fall into five categories and maternal category allocation in hospitals is roughly the same;Maternal in higher category tended to need longer midwife hours; the average birthrate of 9 hospitals was (194. 22 ± 44. 84) case/ ( year·midwife). The number of midwives in two tertiary hospitals is obviously insufficient. Midwives at 7 secondary hospitals are more than predicted. Conclusions Midwives in Yunnan are generally faced with a large workload, especially at secondary hospitals, and midwives need to bear numerous non-midwifery workload beyond Birthrate Plus. Therefore, the Birthrate Plus can reflect the midwifery workload scientifically and reasonably in the current situation of midwifery work. But the predication for midwifery workforce requires a study of the ratio of midwifery work in the entire clinical work of the hospital.