The paper reports the isoenzyme patterns of Malic dehydrogenase, Esterase and Lactic dehydrogenase of the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and H. detrilum.H. longicornis:Malic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the male, female,nymph and larva consists of 5, 6, 5 and 4 bands respectively.Esterase isoenzyme of the male, female, nymph and larva consists of 5, 5, 5 and 8 bands respectively.Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the male, female, nymph and larva consists of 3, 2, 2 and 2 bands respectively.H. asiaticum asiaticum:Malic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the male, female, larva and egg consists of 3, 3,5 and 9 bands respectively.Esterase isoenzyme of the male, female, larva and egg consists of 6, 6, 6 and 3 bands respectively.Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the male, female, larva, and egg consists of 2, 2, 2 and 2 bands respectively.H. detritum:Malic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the egg consists of 8 bands. Esterase isoenzyme of the egg consists of 5 bands. Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the egg consists of 2 bands

Plerocercoid should not be confused with Sparganum.The scolex of plerocercoid has a bothrium or bothrial slit but there is no true scolex in sparganum.Plerocercoid is a developmental stage of an animal tapeworm,Genus Spirometra.Sparganum is another generic name of a pseudophyllidean cestode.Plerocercoid causes benign plerocercoidosis and sparganum causes "malignant sparganosis".Plerocercoidosis is a parasitic zoonosis which can be food-borne,water-borne,contact-borne or mother-borne.During the past 20 years,there has been significant progress in studies of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis,especially the former.Spirometra erinacei-europiea plerocercoidosis and sparganosis pro-lifera distributed mainly in East Asia.Spirometra mansonoides plerocercoidosis has been reported from the USA.Up to the present,approximately 1 400 cases of plerocercoidosis were reported from China,Japan,Korea,USA and Thailand,and at least 16 well-documented cases of human proliferating sparganosis were reported worldwide(in Japan,China,Thailand,USA,Paraguay,Venezuela,and the Philippines).The life cycle of Sparganum is unknown.For plerocercoid,human being acts as a dead-end hosts,copepod and frogs serve as intermediate hosts,and snakes and carnivorous animals are its paratenic hosts.This review summarizes the research progresss on aetiology and pathogenesis of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis.The second part(in press) will be concentrated on their pathology,clinical manifesta-tions,diagnosis,treatment,epidemiology,control and prevention.

This article is the second part of the previous review and summarizes the research advances on pathol-ogy, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, and control of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis.

A worm-like specimen recovered from a patient previously identified as Armillifer sp. in the city of Yulin,Guangxi Autonomous Region. After comparative analysis of habitat (serpents as final hosts and human being as accidental intermediate host) and body size of the 4 known pathogenic pentastomid species of Armillifer (A.agkistrodontis, A.armillatus, A.grandis and A.moniliformis) with the recovered specimen, the present authors consider that the recovered specimen has been misidentified as Armillifer sp. The recovered specimen probably belongs to a nasal leech.

Objective To describe the morphological characteristics of Porocephalus taiwana sp. nov., discuss its pathogenic features and the method of etiological diagnosis of the new disease. Methods Fecal sedimentation concentration was used to collect nymphs from the patient's watery stool for species identification. Clinical information was collected for determining the pathogenic features of the new infection. Results A new pathogenic pentastomid Porocephalus taiwana sp. nov. is discovered and a new disease-porocephaliasis taiwana-is nominated. With the findings from this case it is proposed that the traditional visceral pentastomiasis should be divided into two subtypes, Encystic and Excystic. According to the pathological features, this case belongs to the excystic visceral pentastomiasis. Conclusion Porocephalus taiwana sp. nov. is a new pathogenic pentastomid infecting humans. Porocephaliais taiwana belongs to a novel type (excystic) of visceral pentastomiasis.

Objective To report the first case of cutaneous type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(cATLL) in China. Methods The skin lesion was examined by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF), and the immunophenotype was also studied. ELISA and Western blot were used to test the serum antibodies to HTLV-Ⅰ, and HTLV-Ⅰproviral DNA of lymphoid cells was detected by PCR. Results The patient had polymorphic skin lesions including papules, plaques, and bullae with tense or flaccid walls. Histopathogical examination showed subepidermal bullae, and there were small-to-medium-sized atypical lymphoid cell infiltrations in the dermal papilla in the bottom, and border of the bulla. CD45+ and CD45RO+ staining, and negative DIF were observed in the atypical lymphoid cells. The serum antibodies to HTLV-Ⅰ, and proviral DNA of HTLV-Ⅰin the blood lymphoid cells were detected. The patient died with a disease course of one year and ten months. Conclusion ATLL is not extremely rare in China, and cATLL may also exist.

Objective To report a case of lymphomatoid papulosis(LyP)followed by mycosis fun-goides(MF)during his27years course and determine whether these diseases are clonally related.Methods Characteristics of clinicopathology and immunophenotype of skin tissues of different phases of the patients were compared.Simultaneously,clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement of skin lesion tissues and blood specimens were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis.Results A dis-tinct clinical and pathological feature was shown in this case of LyP followed by MF.The proliferating lym-phocytes in LyP and MF were mature T helper lymphocytes,and with same T-cell clone.Conclusion LyP followed by MF displays a same T-cell clone.The clonal T-cell is irrelevant to the biological behavior of these diseases.

BACKGROUND:Plate fixation or intramedulary fixation for clavicle fractures has remained a matter of debate. At present, there is a need for a higher level of evidence to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of two different surgical methods.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the clinical efficacy of intramedulary fixationversusplate fixation in the treatment of clavicle fractures.
METHODS:We conducted a computerized search of the electronic databases like Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, OVID, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP for relevant randomized controled trials on plate fixation or intramedulary fixation for clavicle fractures. The quality of the included studies was independently assessed with RevMan 5.3 software. The meta-analysis was performed in Stata 13.0.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eight randomized controlled trials with 527 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed union time, surgery time, incision length, hospital stay and infection rate were less in the intramedullary fixation group than in the plate fixation group (P< 0.05). No significant difference in shoulder function score, upper limb function score, fracture nonunion and refracture was determined between the two groups (P< 0.05). The current evidences suggested that intramedullary fixation is the optimum choice in the treatment of clavicle fractures.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of coronary vessel re-endothelialization after placement of drug-eluting stents (DES), and to provide clinical evidence for the double anti-platelet treatment. Methods Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 43 patients in 1 year after DES implantation. Characteristics of re-endothelialization and percentage of neointimal coverage of stent struts were evaluated by OCT. Results The rate of stent struts intimal coverage was 90.70%, and the remain was lack of endothelial coverage; The ratio of neointimal thickness (NIT) between 0-99, 100-199 and above 200 microns was 19.92%, 37.55% and 42.53%, respectively. The rate of neointimal coverage was higher and the degree of neointimal hy-perplasia was more extensive in patients with DM and in patients with ACS than those of patients without DM and of patients with stable angina pectoris. Conclusion One year after stent placement, most of the stent struts were covered with neointima and few struts obtained poor coverage of endothelial. DM and ACS may be impact factors for the progress of re-endothelialization after DES placement.

Objective To understand the status quo of dyslipidemia among urban and rural residents in Ganzhou City.Methods The multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select the urban and rural residents aged more than 35 years old as the respondents,among them 4 829 respondents had the intact data,the investigation items included age,sex,height,body mass,waist circumference(WC),FBG,Scr,blood pressure,TC,TG,HDL and LDL.The body mass index was calculated.Results The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia,high TG and low HDL among the urban and rural residents in Ganzhou City were 8.76 ％,16.38％ and 24.04％ respectively.Compared with the persons of normal blood lipid,FBG,Ser,WC and BMI in the persons of high blood lipid were much higher (P＜0.05).Conclsion The blood lipid abnormality in the urban and rural residents in Ganzhou City is dominated by low HDL and high TG.