Objective:To investigate the effect of esculentoside (EsA) on apoptosis of murine thymocyte. Methods:Using electronic microscope, DNA agarose electrophoresis and flow cytometry analysis,the effect of EsA on apoptosis of murine thymocyte was examined. Results:The result showed that apoptosis of activated thymocyte by ConA was markedly promoted by 2.5, 5, 10 ?g/ml EsA in murine thymocyte culture for 3 h, but the spontaneous apoptosis was not affected by EsA. Conclusion:The results suggest that EsA has the positive effect on apoptosis of activated murine thymocyte.

Objective: To study the mechanism of chitosan i n inhibiting the proliferation of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells(SMCs). Methods: By means of c-myc probe labelled with random primers and Northern blot hybridization, we examined the effect of chitosan on vascu lar SMC c- myc mRNA expression, which was stimulated by newborn bull serum (NB S,20%). Results: The oncogene c-myc mRNA expression incerased in cultured vascular SMC 24 h after NBS exposure. These effects were inhibite d by chitosan (20 μg/ml). Conclusion: Chitosan might inhibit the expression of vascular SMC c-myc mRNA stimulated by NBS, through which the proliferation of vascular SMC are inhibited.

Objective To investigate the hemostatic effect of Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge .Methods Tail hemor‐rhage model in rats was preparation .Another model was established in liver and spleen hemorrhagic model of rabbits ,Beagle dog's abdominal aorta and liver were made .Hemostasis was performed with medical gauze ,gelatin sponge and Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge .The hemostatic effects were evaluated by total blood loss ,hemostatic time and histological observation . Observation of Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge change was completed to determine their degradation in the bodies .Results Rats tail hemorrhage was clamped ,after 1 min , Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge could effectively stop the bleeding .The Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge has good hemostatic effect of rats tail hemorrhage model compared to blank group(P<0 .01) . Compare with the gelatin sponge group ,the Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge could significantly shorten the liver and spleen bleeding time(P<0 .05) ,decrease the volume of the spleen bleeding(P<0 .05) and the liver bleeding(P<0 .01) ,in hemor‐rhagic model of rabbits .Compared with the gelatin sponge group ,Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge could more effectively stop the bleeding in the abdominal aorta and liver model of Beagle dogs (P<0 .05) .The Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge could be degraded in vivo .Histologic study revealed the Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge was no significant pathological change around the liver and spleen .Conclusion The Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge has good hemostatic effect .The hemostatic effect of Bletillastriata hemostatic sponge is better than gelatin sponge ,which could be a good topical hemostatic material .

Objective To study the effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on the mortality of the lipopoly-saccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock mouse model. Methods 10-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into groups, and were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LPS (10 mg/kg) to induce endotoxic shock models. NMN was i.p. injected in three ways: (1) 0.5 h after modeling, doses of 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg; (2) 0.5 h before modeling, doses of 30, 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg; or (3) 0.5 and 12 h after modeling, dose of 300 mg/kg each time. The death times of each group were recorded, and the survival curves were drawn. Results Compared with the solvent control group, NMN at different doses given 0.5 h after or before modeling didn’t improve the survival rate or delay the death time of endotoxic shock mice; But when given at 0.5 and 12 h 300 mg/kg after modeling, NMN accelerated the death of mice and increased the mortality of mice. NMN products by two manufacturers showed similar effects. Conclusion NMN has no therapeutic effect on LPS-induced endotoxic shock, and repeated administration of NMN after endotoxic shock will increase the mortality.