Objective To investigate the pathological changes of myocardium in diabetic rats and the effect of aspirin, perindopril, prednisone on the pathological changes of myocardium in type 1 diabetic rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups: ( 1 ) diabetes mellitus (DM)group ( n = 20): treated with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg at one time, diluted in sodium citrate buffer. (2) normal control group (n = 10): intraperitoneal injection of sodium citrate buffer. The blood glucose and the weight were measured regularly for 8 weeks. The 20 diabetic model rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 individually), from the 4th day, the rats were given normal saline dissolved aspirin, perindopril, prednisone gavage respectively, and the normal control group and diabetic group were given an equal volume of saline daily gavage. After 8 weeks, the pathological changes in the cardiac muscle tissue were observed under light microscope and electron microscope. Results Three days after the injection of STZ, the blood glucose in the DM group was higher than 16. 7 mmol/L,20 rats were all modeling successfully. The model rats suffered from polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss significantly. HE staining showed diabetic myocardial cell swell, hypertrophy, degeneration and significant nuclear enlargement; the myocardial fiber fractured,dissolved, contraction wavy and disorganized fibre infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Under electron microscope, diabetic myocardial muscle fibers arranged irregularly, fractured and dissolved; the glycogen between the muscle fiber accumulated, mitochondria swelled, most of the ridges in mitochondria were not clear, cell plate widened. Compared with the diabetic group, the above-mentioned pathological changes reduced in the drug intervention group,and the changes in perindopril group was most significant. Conclusion Injection of STZ 60 mg/kg could successfully induce diabetic in rats and held stable blood glucose level. After 8 weeks, diabetes could cause servere damages in myocardium in the rats, but aspirin, perindopril, prednisone could reduce the cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats,in which perindopril had more positive effect.

Professor Liu Shenlin is one of the famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) oncologists. Through his own experience in clinical practice , Prof . Liu has put forward the theory that the onset of gastric cancer is based on spleen deficiency , and presented with cancerous toxin , namely the theory of spleen-deficiency and toxin-accumulation. In addition , he had conducted clinical as well as basic research on this theory , which had received great progress. This article was aimed to conclude and explore the theory postulated by Prof. Liu in order to improve the clinical effects of TCM treatment in gastric cancer .

Objective To develop a fluorescence signal activatable multifunctional molecular probe with theranostics function through combining ultrasmall gold nanorods(UGNRs) with fluorescein,and to evaluate its therapeutic effect on photothermal therapy (PTT) in breast cancer cells.Methods The UGNRs were synthesized by the one-pot seedless method,then the functionalized modification of UGNRs were conducted using cysteamine.Finally,the activatable ultrasmall gold nanorods (AUGNRs) were synthesized by amide condensation of —NH2 of cysteamine and —COOH of carboxylated fluorescein CyS.The cell uptake ability and GSH-mediated imaging ability of AUGNRs were studied using breast cancer 4T1 cells.4T1 cells co-cultured with AUGNRs were irradiated with 808 nm excitation light,and the PTT effects were assessed by MTT colorimetric staining and calcein-AM/PI staining.Results The AUGNRs were synthesized successfully,which could be uptaken by 4T1 cells quickly and efficiently,and could achieve intracellular glutathione (GSH) triggered fluorescence recovery.No obvious cytotoxicity of AUGNRs to 4T1 cells was observed in the co-cultivation.Moreover,obvious PTT effects could be induced by 808 nm laser,which could effectively kill 4T1 cancer cells.Conclusion The fluorescence signals of AUGNRs can be induced by intracellular GSH,and tumor cell destruction can be achieved by 808 laser-excitated PTT effects.

In this study , 4116 traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) prescriptions of 994 outpatients of gastric
cancer from the Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were analyzed with the use of Clinical Research Information Sharing System and the data mining method of scale-free networks . The core drugs and compatibility were visually displayed on diagrams which revealed the characteristics of gastric cancer treatment with TCM prescriptions in this hospital with high credibility . This method has certain meaning and value for the study of TCM prescriptions .

Objective To develop a method for detection of avanafil and flibanserin adulterated in health food by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).Methods The separation and analysis were performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm),with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1%acetic acid(containing 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate)(60:40).Electrospray ionization(ESI) source was applied and operated in positive mode.Multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode was used to quantify avanafil and flibanserin.Results The assay linearity of avanafil and flibanserin were confirmed in the range of 2-20 ng·mL-1(r2>0.99).The extraction recoveries varied from 94.6% to 110.0%,and the precision of RSD was <5.0%.The limits of detection were 0.21 and 0.42 μg·kg-1 for avanafil and flibanserin,respectively.Conclusion The method was specific,sensitive and accurate.Therefore,it can be used to detect avanafil and flibanserin which were illegally added in health food.

Objective To investigate the effect of multidisciplinary physician/nurse collaboration care mode in diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture.Methods Clinical data of 433 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated from August 2011 to September 2013 were studied retrospectively.Among them,136 were diagnosed and treated using conventional methods (control group) and 297 using the multidisciplinary physician/nurse collaboration approach (collaboration group).Hospital stay,surgery rate,time from hospitalization and operation,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results Length of hospital stay [(14.8 ± 5.9) d] in collaboration group was not statistically different from that in control group [(16.0 ± 4.7) d,t =0.433,P ＞ 0.05],but surgery rate was improved (72.8％ vs 83.9％,x2 =7.212,P ＜ 0.05),time from hospitalization and operation shortened [(5.6 ± 2.9) d vs (6.9 ± 3.4) d,t =3.096,P ＜ 0.05],and perioperative complication rate reduced in collaboration group compared to control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Multidisciplinary physician/nurse collaboration mode is a novel method for diagnosis and treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly and is associated with improved surgery rate,reduced perioperative complications and early functional recovery.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a common cerebrovascular disease in clinical practice. Although the treatment of AVMs has been w idely studied, the prognosis of the patients does not get significantly improvement. The main therapeutic purpose of AVMs is to reduce the risk of bleeding. This article review s the risk of bleeding and treatment modalities of AVMs.

Currently,three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide:H1N1,H3N2,and H1N2.European avian-like H1N1 viruses,which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979,have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007.In this study,six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China.Based on whole genome sequencing,molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined.Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations,especially similar to those found in China.Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13,26,198,277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates.Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12,the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins.In this study,the isolates contained 591Q,627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2,which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation.The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1,a marker of mammalian adaptation.Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3' end of the NS1,a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999,which is distinct from those of avian,human and classical swine viruses.The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N),a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987,which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals.Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs,and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.

Objective To evaluate the impairment of large and small fibers of peripheral nerves in patients with diabetes mellitus according to the current perception threshold ( CPT ) comparing with nerve conduction studies ( NCS) and sympathetic skin response ( SSR).Methods Fourty-nine diabetic patients were enrolled from August to December 2014 in Tianjin Third Central Hospital.The CPT was examined by the Neurometer?CPT/C in diabetic patients and 23 healthy subjects.Electrical stimulations of 2 000, 250 and 5 Hz were delivered respectively to the first toe distal section , the bottom of the knee-patella middle line and the index finger distal section.NCS and SSR were performed in diabetic patients.The patients were divided into normal NCS ( NCSN) group and abnormal NCS ( NCSA) group according to the results of the nerve conduction.According to the results of SSR , the patients were divided into normal SSR ( SSRN) group and abnormal SSR ( SSRA ) group.Results In three testing areas , the CPT in NCSN group had no significant difference compared with control group , which was tested by different frequency;NCSA group had increased CPT (393.5 ±68.4, 213.1 ±39.7, 172.5 ±52.8, 221.6 ±48.0, 91.7 ±33.1, 76.2 ±27.8, 274.0 ±48.4, 120.1 ±26.6, 75.3 ±21.9) compared with control group (278.1 ±53.6, 128.9 ±46.7, 78.7 ±28.7, 149.3 ±54.6, 52.3 ±23.2, 41.9 ±18.7, 214.2 ±46.0, 96.0 ±29.3, 48.6 ±17.0; F=36.277, 40.827, 50.301, 10.240, 12.837, 13.832, 11.749, 5.559, 17.412,all P<0.01).At the first toe section, CPT decreased in SSRN group ( 91.0 ±29.0, 55.2 ±21.3 ) compared with control group (128.9 ±46.7, 78.7 ±28.7;F=23.071, 22.646, both P<0.05), which was tested by the currents of 250 Hz and 5 Hz frequency.In three testing areas , the SSRA group had increased CPT compared with control group , which was tested by different frequency.Conclusion Hyperesthesia as an early manifestation of small fiber damage can be detected by CPT in diabetic patients; CPT has no advantage in the evaluation of large fiber damage.

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical enzyme for energy and metabolic regulation and can effectively maintain the homeostasis of energy and metabolism in cells and the body, and thus it plays an important role in both health and diseases. Current studies have shown that AMPK can regulate inflammatory response in the body through various cytokines and signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and has become a potential therapeutic target for a variety of inflammatory diseases. In acute pancreatitis, abnormal activation of trypsin can cause the injury and necrosis of tissue cells, release various inflammatory factors including NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6, and induce systemic inflammatory response, leading to organ injury or acute inflammatory disease. Recent studies indicate that the activation of AMPK can alleviate the inflammatory damage of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, AMPK and its signaling pathway may become potential therapeutic targets for acute pancreatitis.