The pituitary-thyroid axis in dogs of hemorrhagic shock was studied by determination of serum T_4, T_3, rT_3 and TSH. Comparing with pre-shock condition, in shock dogs without dopamine (DA) treatment, serum T, and T_3 were decreased, rT_3 incre ascc and TSH unchanged. But in shock dogs treated by DA, serum T_4 and T_3 were much lower than those in shock dogs without DA and serum TSH was significantly lower (P

The chief physician Wang Mingde has special theoretic and remedy to treat Beng and Lou. He claims that Beng and Lou should be cured respectively. For acute Beng, he thinks the most important matter is to stop bleeding;while for Lou, he divides it into deficiency and excess.

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine on the synapsis remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during devolopment of morphine tolerance in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. IT catheter was placed in the subarachnoid space according to Yaksh. Forty-eight SD rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 6groups (n=8 each): group sham operation (group S); group NP; group normal saline 20 μl IT(group NS);group morphine 20 μg IT (group M); group ketamine 50 μg IT (group K) and group morphine 20 μ g + ketamine 50 μg IT (group MK). NP was induced by compression of right L4,5 dorsal root ganglions with steel wire inserted through L4,5 intervertebral foramen in NP,M,K and MK groups. Normal saline or morphine and/or ketamine were injected IT once a day for consecutive 14 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 days during the consecutive 14 days of administration. The animals were sacrificed after the final IT administration. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the number of synapsis in the spinal dorsal horn by immuno-histochemistry in 4 animals in each group and observation of synaptic structure remodeling using electron microscope in another 4 animals in each group. Results Compared with group S, PWT was significantly decreased and PWL was shortened in the other 5 groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly increased and the synaptic structure was thickened in NP, NS, M and K groups (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group NP,PWT was significantly increased and PWL was prolonged in M, K and MK groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M, PWT was significantly increased, PWL was prolonged, the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion IT ketamine can inhibit the synaptic remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during development of morphine tolerance in a rat model of NP.

BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical experiences show that the surface roughness of dental restoration materials directly affects bacterial adhesion; in addition, the material composition and physicochemical properties are also important influencing factors. OBJECTIVE: To compare the bacterial adhesion of zirconia ceramics and nickel chromium al oy as oral materials. METHODS: Zirconia ceramics and nickel chromium al oy were respectively cut into 10 pieces of 3. 0 cm ×3.0 cm×0. 2 cm plate specimens. For each material, five pieces were subjected to surface polishing treatment, and the other five pieces were glazed. Surface roughness value of specimens was detected. Experimental strains of Streptococcus mutans was cultured on the specimen surface at 37 ℃ for 48 hours, and the amount of bacteria adhering to the specimen surface was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Surface roughness of four groups of specimens showed no difference. The amount of bacteria that adhered to the polishing specimens of zirconia ceramics was significantly lower than that of nickel chromium al oy (P < 0.05), but no difference was found in the amount of bacteria adhering to the glazing specimens of nickel-chromium al oy and zirconia ceramics. These findings indicate that zirconia ceramics has better ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion than nickel-chromium al oy, especial y after glazing.

Objective To observe the changes of haemodynamics and cerebral state index during double-lumen endobronchial intubation with glidescope ranger video laryngoscope (GSVL) and macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS). Methods Forty-eight ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 35 ～ 67 yrs were enrolled in this study, who were scheduled for elective pulmonary cancer or cancer of esophagus radical correction tients were random divided into 2 groups( n =24 each), GSVL group and MDLS group. After anesthesia was induced, all patients were given a score of Cormack grading under MDLS and GSVL, and then endobronchial intubation was performed. Noninvasive BP and HR were recorded before and after induction of anesthesia, during endobronchial intubation and after endobronchial intubation was completed for 1,2, 3, 4,5 min. The CSI was continuously monitored and recorded before and after induction of anesthesia, and after endobronchial intubation for 1 ～ 2 min and 3 ～ 5 min. Results Compared with MDLS group, the rate of Cormack grade 1 was significant higher in GSVL group (91% vs 58% ) ( P ＜0. 01 ). BP of two groups at T1 and T5 ～ T7 were significantly decreased compared to T0 values ( P ＜0. 01 ). Endobronchial intubation (T2 ～T4) caused significant increase in BP and HR compared to post-induction values(T1 ) ( P ＜0. 01).The highest values of HR after intubation exceeded even their baseline values before induction of anesthesia.The haemodynamic responses to endobronchial intubation in GSVL group at T2 ～ T4 were significantly different from those in MDLS group( P ＜0. 05). CSI of two groups at T1 was significantly decreased compared to To values( P ＜0. 01 ), CSI of two groups at T2 induced significant increase compared to T1 values, and the increase of CSI in MDLS group was stronger than that in GSVL group( P ＜0.01). Condusion The haemodynamic responses produced by orotracheal intubation using GSVL had more obvious advantages than MDLS, but GSVL seemed to provide a clear view of glottis and a little change CSI effect.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of parametric imaging of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in evaluating hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH). Methods Thirty clinically or pathologically proven HCCs and 30 pathologically proven FNHs that had undergone CEUS were randomly included. SonoLiver CAP software were used to quantitatively anlalyze the CEUS and reconstruct DVP parametric images. Results The rise time, time to peak and mean transit time in HCC and FNH were (16. 7 ± 11. 1)s and (21.9±9. 0)s (P = 0. 052) ,(29. 9 ± 14. l)s and (33. 2 ±11.1)s ( P =0. 322), (115. 0±90. 9)s and (271. 5 ± 147. 6)s ( P = 0. 000),respectively. The perfusion index was 90. 4 + 102. 5 in HCC and 42. 6 + 37. 1 in FNH( P = 0. 022). DVP curve and DVP parametric image could both be divided into three types: washout, non-washout and cystic type. In DVP curve, the percentages of which were 76. 7% (23/30),20. 0% (6/30),3. 3% (1/30) in HCC, and 43. 3% (13/30) , 53. 3% (16/30) , 3. 3%(l/30) in FNH,respectively ( P = 0. 023). In DVP parametric image, the percentages of which were 66. 7%(20/30) ,30. 0%(9/30) ,3. 3%(l/30) in HCC,and 33. 3%(10/30) ,60. 0%(18/30) ,6. 7%(2/30) in FNH,respectively ( P = 0. 033). 30. 0% (9/30) of FNH had a clear spoke-wheel pattern in DVP parametric image. Conclusions In parametric imaging of CEUS, the mean transit time of HCC was shorter than that of FNH,and the perfusion index of HCC was higher than that of FNH. The DVP parametric image can display the rapid change and detail of the enhancement clearly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided thermal ablation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods 14 patients (19 nodules) with histolog-ically proven intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) were treated with percutaneous US-guided thermal ablation from Oct. 1998 to Aug. 2009 in our hospital. The local treatment response, complication and survival were retrospectively analyzed. Results 18 (18/19, 94.7%) nodules had complete necrosis, and 1 (1/19, 5.3%) nodule had residual tumor after ablation. There was no mortality associated with thermal ablation. Only 1 (1/14, 7.1%) patient developed portal vein thrombosis. The follow-up ranged from 1.3 to 72.9 months (mean, 19.0±15.1 months; median, 7.25 months), 10 (10/14,71.4%) patients survived less than 1 year, 2 (2/14,14.3%) survived 1-5 years, and 2 (2/14,14.3%) survived more than 5 years. Of the 14 patients, 9 (9/14, 64.3%) had died and 5 (5/14,35.7%) were alive. The causes of death included tumor progression (8/9, 88.9%) and liver failure (1/9, 11.1%). 9 (9/14,64.3%) patients developed recurrence on follow-up. The disease-free survival ranged from 1.1 to 72. 9 months (mean 16.6±26. 3 months; median 4.1 months). Conclusion Percutaneous US-guided thermal ablation therapy using microwave ablation (MWA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the optimal dose-effect relationship of gene transfer according to the expression of pEGFP in tumor cells under different parameters mediated by microbubble contrast agent and ultrasound in vivo.Methods C57BL/6J mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the middle of the right flank with hepal-6 tumor cells.The mixture of SonoVue and enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)plasmid was injected into the tail vein of each mouse, groups were randomly established according to different output intensity( 1 W/cm2, 2 W/cm2, 3 W/cm2 ), exposure time ( 1 min, 5 min, 10 min) and volume of SonoVue(30 μl,60 μl,90 μl), the expression of EGFP in tumor cells under different parameter was examined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.Results The expression of pEGFP in tumor cells was significantly higher with the increase of exposure time,output intensity and volume of SonoVue (1 min vs 5 min, P＜0.05; 1 W/cm2 vs 2 W/cm2, P＜0.05 ; 30/μl vs 60 μl, P＜0.05).However, the transfection efficiency of EGFP can not be enhanced continuously with the increasing exposure time,output intensity and volume of SonoVue (5 min vs 10 min, P＞0.05; 2 W/cm2 vs 3 W/cm2, P＞0.05; 60 μl vs 90 μl, P＞0.05).The highest transfection effieieney was achieved under intensities was 2 W/cm2 [(21.02±1.45)%]with 5 min[(23.22±1.91)%] exposed to ultrasound, and 60 /μl SonoVue [ (21.02±1.45) % ].Conclusions Gene transfeetion efficiency changded with the difference parameters.2 W/cm2,5 min and 60 μl SonoVue led to the optimum dose-effect relationship of gene transfer in vivo .

Objective To evaluate the effects of remifentanil on the proliferation,the cell cycle and apoptosis of human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro.Methods Human liver carcinoma cells HepG2 were cultured in vitro.The HepG2 cells of the test group were incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium with remifentanil at different concentration(0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10,100,200 μmol/L).The HepG2 cells of the control group were incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium for 48 hours.The level of the cell proliferation was evaluated with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method.The cell cycle was detected with flow cytometry (FCM).The morphological change of apoptosis cell was observed by fluorescence microscopy after staining by Hoechst33258.Results Remifentanil inhibited the proliferation of the HepG2 cells with a dose-dependent effect.Compared with control group,the cell proliferation capability was apparently decreased in the test group (P ＜ 0.05) when the concentration of remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L (P ＜0.05).However,no significant difference in cell proliferation was found when remifentanil was 100 and 200 μmol/ L.The ratio of G0/G1 phase of HepG2 cells was significantly enhanced and the ratio of S phase of HepG2 cells was significantly decreased when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L.The fluorescent microscopy stained by the Hoechst33258 showed part of HcpG2 cells apoptosis in test group,and the apoptotic rate was significantly increased when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The data suggest that remifentanil would inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L.

Objective To discuss interventional treatment technique for benign ureteral strictures. Methods A total of 19 cases with 20 benign ureteral strictures were treated with balloon dilatation and double-pigtail ureteral stent placement. Results Among 19 caces,16 were succeeded in a rate of 84.2%.The three failure cases included one of compression by aberrant vessels,one by compression of fibrous-strings and the last one due to tortuosity of the ureter.Re-examinations,by intravenous urography and B ultrasound were carried out in 16 successors,showed gradually release of hydro-nephrosis and renal function improvement.Iatrogenic foreign body ocurred in 2 cases,caused by the protruding tail of stent which had been taken out under ureteroscopy. Conclusions Interventional technique for benign ureteral strictures possesses adventages with mild injury,simple operation,and a new effective method.