To observe sonographic structure of gallbladder wall, we examined 30 surgically removed gallbladders with 10 MHz transducer by water immersion method. The gallbladder wall was imaged as 5 layers. The layer 3, a well—defined hyperechoie zone, was confirmed histologically as corresponding to boundary between subserosa and rnuseularis. Since gallbladder cancer which whether or not spread beyond the mucle coat is a significant indicator for staging the carcinoma, the present study shows high resolution images may well be used in judgement the stage of gallbladder cancer by introperative ultrasond, enabling surgeon to choose proper operative procedure.

Objective To understand the traffic pollution in main crossroads of Changsha. Methods The levels of noise, NO 2, O 3 and TSP and traffic volumn were monitored in 6 main crossroads of Changsha in situ, 3 times per day, continuously for 5 days. Results The traffic volumns were 1 203～3 715/h, the noise levels were 69～88 dB(A), the levels of NO 2, O 3 and TSP in air of 6 main crossroads were 0.092～0.238 mg/m 3, 0.238～0.303 mg/m 3 and 0.71～1.47 mg/m 3 respectively. The over standard rates were 93%～100% for O 3 with a average rate of 98%. Conclusion The traffic pollution in main crossroads of Changsha mainly induced by noise and O 3, which might be associated with the traffic volumn, the environment around the crossroads and the types of the automobile running in the crossroads.

Objective To investigate the changes of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) in gallbladder carcinoma (GA) patients with cell wall-deficient bacleria(L-form) infection .Methods The levels of TNF-? in gallbladder mucosa were detected by radioimmunoassay and the activity of PDGF was detected by bioactivity assay in patients with GA or cholecystitis and normal gallbladder(control group).Results The positive detection rates of L-forms in gallbladder mucosa of gallbladder carcinoma , chronic cholecystitis, and control group were 80.0%(16/20),82.5%(33/40) and 0(0/20), respectively.The TNF-? and PDGF levels in patients with L-form infection-positive gallbladder carcinoma were significantly higher than those in patients without L-form infection and in control group.The levels of TNF-a and PDGF in patients with L-form infection positive chronic cholecystitis were significantly higher than those in patients without L-form infection and in control group.Conclusions L-form may be one of the direct factors leading to the increase in PDGF during gallbladder oncogenesis,and there is positive correlation between PDGF and gallbladder oncogenesis when L-form induces inflammatory reaction and predisposes gallbladder mucosa to develope neoplasms.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided thermal ablation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods 14 patients (19 nodules) with histolog-ically proven intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) were treated with percutaneous US-guided thermal ablation from Oct. 1998 to Aug. 2009 in our hospital. The local treatment response, complication and survival were retrospectively analyzed. Results 18 (18/19, 94.7%) nodules had complete necrosis, and 1 (1/19, 5.3%) nodule had residual tumor after ablation. There was no mortality associated with thermal ablation. Only 1 (1/14, 7.1%) patient developed portal vein thrombosis. The follow-up ranged from 1.3 to 72.9 months (mean, 19.0±15.1 months; median, 7.25 months), 10 (10/14,71.4%) patients survived less than 1 year, 2 (2/14,14.3%) survived 1-5 years, and 2 (2/14,14.3%) survived more than 5 years. Of the 14 patients, 9 (9/14, 64.3%) had died and 5 (5/14,35.7%) were alive. The causes of death included tumor progression (8/9, 88.9%) and liver failure (1/9, 11.1%). 9 (9/14,64.3%) patients developed recurrence on follow-up. The disease-free survival ranged from 1.1 to 72. 9 months (mean 16.6±26. 3 months; median 4.1 months). Conclusion Percutaneous US-guided thermal ablation therapy using microwave ablation (MWA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To discuss interventional treatment technique for benign ureteral strictures. Methods A total of 19 cases with 20 benign ureteral strictures were treated with balloon dilatation and double-pigtail ureteral stent placement. Results Among 19 caces,16 were succeeded in a rate of 84.2%.The three failure cases included one of compression by aberrant vessels,one by compression of fibrous-strings and the last one due to tortuosity of the ureter.Re-examinations,by intravenous urography and B ultrasound were carried out in 16 successors,showed gradually release of hydro-nephrosis and renal function improvement.Iatrogenic foreign body ocurred in 2 cases,caused by the protruding tail of stent which had been taken out under ureteroscopy. Conclusions Interventional technique for benign ureteral strictures possesses adventages with mild injury,simple operation,and a new effective method.

Objective To study and establish the automatic resident prescription system and automatic dispensing system in Center Drug Store based on NO.1 Military Project. Methods According to the Prescription Administrative Policy (2007, Chinese Ministry of Health), automatic system was designed to link each drug store of different departments to the center drug store. Results It is proved that the design is appropriate according to the application of this system in many military hospitals. Conclusion The system not only gives a good administration of drug, but also decreases the work load and increase work efficiency of center drug store.

0.05 ). 3DUS was superior to 2DUS in displaying the expanded tips (P 0.05 ) in the ablation modality. 3DUS enhanced the confidence level significantly in judging the position relationship between applicators and lesions in both modalities (both P

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of ischemie-type biliary lesion (ITBL) after liver transplantation. Methods Twenty-five liver transplantation recipients suspected with biliary complications were examined using CEUS. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography confirmed the diagnosis. The enhancement patterns of the thickened hilum bile duct wall were observed. Results Enhancement patterns of bile duct wall could be divided into 3 sorts:① No-enhancement, six cases, showed no-enhancement all along. ②Hypo-enhancing level, four cases, presented hypo-enhancing at arterial phase and persistent hypo- or no-enhancing until late phase. ③Hyper-enhaneing level,fifteen cases,appeared as hyper- or iso-enhancing at arterial phase and persistent iso- or hypo-enhancing until late phase. The enhancement pattern of bile duct wall showed significant difference ( P = 0.00). Thirteen ITBL patients included 10 cases ( 76.9 % ) with no- or hypo-enhaneement, 3 patients (23.1 % ) with hyper-enhancement. However, all of 12 non-ITBL cases appeared hyper-enhancing. Conclusions CEUS provides a new and effective method to estimate the microcirculation of the bile duct wall. It may be help to early diagnosis of ITBL.

Objective To prepare phospholipid-based sulfur hexafluoride gas-filled microbubbles, which were designed for targeting microbubbles. Methods The microbubbles composed of DSPC and mPEG2000-PE were produced by film-sonication method,and were compared with SonoVue. In the physical chemistry characteristics studies, the morphology, particle diameter, concentration, pH value and osmotic pressure were investigated. In the echogenicity studies, contrast harmonic imaging technique was used to investigate the enhancement of vitro water sac and normal rabbit kidney parenchyma. Results The lipid microbubbles were well-distributed, round with air holes. The average diameter of self-made microbubbles and SonoVue were 2.25 μm and 2.50μm respectively. The average diameter of self-made microbubbles and SonoVue distributed from 0.4 μm to 10 μm and 0.2 μm to 10 μm,and 90% were under 6 μm and 8 μm respectively,the concentration were 5 x 108～10 x 108/ml and 1 x I08～5 x 108/ml respectively with a stability of 6 hours. In vitro water sac, the gray scale of self-made lipid microbubbles and SonoVue were 121.67±6.76 and 122.33 ± 4.53 respectively( P>0.05). In normal rabbit kidney parenchyma, the peak video intensity of normal rabbit kidney parenchyma of self-made lipid microbubbles and SonoVue were 72.00 ± 7.21 and 74. 65± 10.93 respectively(P>0.05). Conclusions The lipid microbubbles have satisfactory physical chemistry characteristics and echogenicity.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in pleural and peritoneal effusion. Methods The expressions of hTERT and PCNA were detected by immunocytochemistry in 46 malignant and 21 benign serous specimens. Results hTERT and PCNA were detected respectively in 39 and 29 of 46 malignant specimens, but no expressions in reactive mesothelial cells in all serous specimens. hTERT correlated with PCNA (r=0.30, P