In the twentieth session of the National Clinical Oncology Conference and 2017 annual meeting of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO),many progressions have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer.(1) A preliminary report of the real world study of primary liver cancer in China was released.(2) Emerging diagnostic techniques and predictive models can detect preoperative liver cirrhosis and risk of postoperative liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).(3) Photodynamic diagnostic technology can ensure histological clearance with negative surgical margin and preserve as much liver parenchyma as possible.(4) Lenvatinib is expected to be the first-line targeted drug for the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC following sorafenib.(5) Immunotherapy with Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab is still a hot topic in the field of HCC management.(6) Though a vast heterogeneity of patterns of liver resection for HCC exists between two large centers from the East and the West,their surgical safety and long-term efficacy are actually comparable.(7) Routine lymphadenectomy,active surgical intervention for patients with late-stage tumors,ensuring the negative margins of resection and comprehensive treatment of postoperative recurrence are expected to improve the long-term outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Naoling decoction on the learning and memory behaviors and the expression of microglia and IL-6 in hippocampal CA3 region of rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to elucidate the potential mechanism. METHODS: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a normal group, a sham-operation group, an AD group, a Naoling decoction group and a Naofukang group. The spatial learning and memory behaviors of the rats were investigated by water maze and Y-maze. The Alzheimer's disease model was established by injecting Aβ1-42 into the hippocamal of the rats. Expression of OX-42 (one of the microglia specific markers) and IL-6 in the CA3 region of hippocamal was measured by immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS: Morris water maze experiment showed that the escape latency of hidden platform in the AD group was significantly delayed (P<0.05) and the average times of passing was decreased (P<0.05). Y-maze test showed that the times needed to the learn how to evade the electrical stimulation in the AD group was most than in other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the AD group, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test of the Naoling decoction group were significantly different (P<0.05). The expression of OX-42 and IL-6 in the CA3 region of hippocamal in the Naoling decoction group was decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Naoling decoction can improve learning and memory, and weaken the expression of OX-42 and IL-6 in hippocampal CA3 of AD rats, which may partly be the therapeutic mechanism of Naoling decoction for AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Animals ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Microglia ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Chlorfenapyr and indenocarb are two new insecticides widely used in the world. In recent years, there have been a few cases of human being being poisoned by chlorfenapyr or indenocarb respectively at home and abroad, but no cases of poisoning caused by chlorfenapyr or indenocarb have been reported. A case of delayed central nervous system damage after chlorfenapyr and indoxacarb poisoning was reported for clinical reference.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) combined with rehabilitation on children with global developmental delay(GDD).Methods:It was a prospective multicenter clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 120 children with GDD admitted to 5 hospitals in China from May 2020 to January 2022.They were randomly divided into mNGF group and conventional rehabilitation group using block randomization method.All children were managed by standardized rehabilitation after recruitment, and those in the mNGF group were additionally given mNGF injections.All subjects were surveyed using the Gesell Development Diagnosis Schedules(GDDS) at baseline, 90 days and 120 days after treatment, and their developmental quotient (DQ) was recorded.Clinical efficacy was analyzed by the paired t-test, rank sum test and Chi- squared test. Results:After 90 days of treatment and the continuous follow-up to 120 days, the increases in the DQ of gross motor (7.520±13.900 vs.0.450±11.459), fine motor (7.800±15.346 vs.1.250±11.581), adaptive behavior (7.730±13.428 vs.2.100±12.022) and personal-social behavior (6.780±11.651 vs.1.780±10.120) than baseline were significantly higher in mNGF group than those of conventional rehabilitation group (all P<0.05). Serious adverse events and important drug-related medical events were not reported. Conclusions:mNGF combined with rehabilitation effectively enhances the development levels of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior and personal-social behavior, and continuously improves the condition of GDD in children with a high safety.

Calcium-activated chloride channels(CaCCs)are a class of channel proteins that trans-port chloride ions activated by intracellular calcium,which play a crucial role in regulating membrane potential,intracellular calcium balance,and cell excitability,particularly in neurons and muscle cells.In the Anoctamin(Ano)family,Ano1 is the most classic CaCC.Targeted modulators of Ano1 have poten-tial therapeutic effects against such diseases as cancer,cystic fibrosis,hypertension,diarrhea,and asthma.Since the discovery of Ano1 in 2008,several methods for screening CaCC-specific modulators have emerged including high-throughput primary screening of fluorescent proteins,electrophysiological patch clamp technique and virtual screening,and identification of small molecule modulators with diverse pharmacological effects.This paper summarizes the principles,advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream screening methods,and reviews the chemical structures and potential applications of Ano1-specific modulators discovered to date.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is closely associated with the development and progression of colorectal neoplasms. This article reviews the association of NAFLD with colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) and possible mechanism, and it is believed that NAFLD promotes the development of CRA and CRC and affects their prognosis, and various factors, such as insulin resistance, adipocytokine, inflammatory response, intestinal flora, and immunity, may be involved in this process.

In recent years， transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） has emerged as a common treatment modality for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However， with the ongoing development of embolic agent techniques， the new advances in microspheres and nanoparticles have brought new hope for improving the efficacy and safety of TACE. This article reviews the latest advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE for HCC. First， this article introduces the background of TACE as a therapeutic approach and the emergence of microsphere and nanoparticle techniques， and then it describes the application of various types of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE and discusses the requisite attributes of an ideal embolic agents. The article focuses on the advances in material science and engineering， as well as the clinical efficacy of drug-eluting microspheres and nanoparticles versus conventional TACE. Furthermore， it discusses the importance of radiological examination in TACE and summarizes the research advances in the radiopaque and magnetic resonance-visible embolic agents. This article also explores the future development directions and challenges of TACE. It also points out the combination of microspheres and nanoparticles with other treatment modalities， the application of personalized and precision medicine in TACE， and the potential regimen of TACE in clinical translation， and meanwhile， it raises the issues of ethics and regulation that need to be further discussed. It is believed that microspheres and nanoparticles have a potential effect in TACE， which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for innovating HCC treatment regimens and improving the prognosis of patients through TACE interventions.