Objective To discuss the necessity of antibiotics usage in septoplasty , and to provide evidences for the standardization of the therapy and rational use of antibiotics in septoplasty. Methods Eighty-seven patients who had undergone septoplasty were randomly divided into three groups: Group A: without antibiotics; Group B: antibiotics only preoperative prophylaxis; Group C: antibiotics both preoperative and postoperative for five days. The clinical effect and complication rate were compared among three groups. Results There were no statistical significance among three groups for clinical effect and complication rate (P > 0.05). Conclusions The infection rate in septoplasty is very low , and the use of prophylactic antibiotics in elective septoplasty can neither improve efficacy nor reduce postoperative complications , so it is not essential.

[Objective]To explore the efficacy and results of tibial tubercle osteotomy used in exposure in complicated total knee arthroplasty.[Methods]During the period from Apr.2005 to Apr.2007,the tibial tubercle osteotomy were used in 16 cases of complicated total knee arthroplasty.The mean follow-up time were 20 months(6～26 months).Knee society score(KSS) and radiography were used to evaluate the clinical results.[Results]The mean KSS improved from 46 points preoperatively to 91 points postoperatively.The mean ROM improved to from 53?preoperatively 105?postoperatively.At 3 months after surgery the radiography examines showed all 16 cases had achieved satisfactory healing.The tubercle fragment slided toward proximal 0.7 cm occurred in one case,and finally healed at that position.[Conclusion]Exposure of the knee may be difficult in the total knee arthroplasty,but tibial tubercle osteotomy is a safe and reliable procedure which affords excellent exposure.

[Objective]To explore the technique and effect of anterior cervical decompression for the treatment of the mixed type of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. [Methods]Data on 37 patients(24 males and 13 females,with mean age of 54.3 years) who underwent resection or floating of posterior longitudinal ligament were reviewed.The occupying rate of OPLL ranged 32%~85% with an average of 51.4%.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores ranged 4 ~14 points with an average of 7.9 points before operation.[Results]The Mean follow-up duration was 16 months(range,6~36 months).The JOA scores were 10.3 and 11.1 at 3 and 12 months after surgery.The results were excellent in 72.7% and good in 78.8%.[Conclusion]The resection of the longitude ligament and floating in anterior cervical decompression is a safe and effective treatment for the mixed type of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament.

Objective To observe the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) on autophagy, apoptosis and motor function after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in rats. Methods Thirty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group, n=12), simple spinal cord injury group (SCI group, n=12), ALC treatment group (ALC group, n=12). Spinal cord injury model at the level of T10 segment was established using Allen's method. They were assessed with Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan (BBB) scale three days after injury. Then the rats were sacrificed, and the expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II in spinal cord was detect-ed with Western blotting and immunofluorescent labeling, and the number of apoptotic cells were assessed with TUNEL staining. Results The expression of LC3-II and the number of apoptotic cells increased in SCI group compared with those in Sham group (P<0.01), while the BBB score decreased (P<0.001). The expression of LC3-II increased and the number of apoptotic cells decreased in ALC group compared with those in SCI group (P<0.001), while the BBB score increased (P<0.01). Conclusion ALC may promote autophagy, and inhibit apopto-sis to improve the locomotor function after ASCI.

Objective: ANGPTL2 is a newly found angiogenesis-associated protein.In the previous studies,we found that the renal expression of ANGPTL2 is involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy,but failed to reveal the exact distribution and synthesis of renal ANGPTL2.This study aimed to analyze the expression of the ANGPTL2 gene in the glomerulus and tubules in the kidney of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy and to determine the cells responsible for the synthesis of renal ANGPTL2.Methods: Glomerulus and tubules were microdissected from the renal tissue of diabetic db/db mice and the expression of ANGPTL2 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR.The distribution and synthesis of ANGPTL2 in the kidney of the db/db mice were determined by immunohistochemistry,dual-labeling immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy.Results: Significantly increased expression of ANGPTL2 mRNA was found in the glomeruli but not in the tubules of the diabetic db/db mice,as compared with the controls.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the ANGPTL2 protein was distributed in a podocyte-like pattern;dual-labeling immunofluorescence analysis showed colocalization of ANGPTL2 with WT1(Wilms' tumor 1,a marker of podocyte) staining,suggesting that renal ANGPTL2 was expressed specifically by podocytes,which was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy.Conclusion: ANGPTL2 is specifically expressed by podocytes in diabetic nephropathy mice.

Objective: To observe the different effects between Mahuang (Herba Ephedra Sinicae) and Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) on the pathological changes of rats with bleomycin A(5)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Ninety Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, hydrocortisone group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae group, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group. There were 16 rats in each group except the sham operation group (10 rats). Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin A5. Hematoxylin and eosin straining and immunohistochecical method were used after 7- and 28-day treatment to observe the pathology of lung injury, measure the inner diameter of pulmonary arterioles and the density of nuclear membrane. Results: Compared with the sham operation group at 7 and 28 d, alveolar inflammation level was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Alveolar inflammation level was decreased obviously in the hydrocortisone group (P<0.05) after 7- and 28-day treatment as compared with the model group, and that in Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group was also decreased obviously (P<0.05) at 28 d. Compared with the sham operation group, nuclear density of the model group was increased, while its inner diameter was decreased (P<0.05). In the Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group, the nuclear density was decreased (P<0.05) as compared with the model group. Inner diameter in the Herba Ephedra Sinicae group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Microvessel density of the model group was obviously higher than that of the sham operation group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group had lower microvessel density (P<0.05). Conclusion: Herba Ephedra Sinicae combined with Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis can restrain pulmonary artery injury. The nuclear density and microvessel density can be reduced by Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, while Herba Ephedra Sinicae can increase the inner diameter.

Objective: To observe the dynamic changes of plasma level thymosinβ4 (Tβ4) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with intervening therapy within 15 days of onset and to explore the relationship between Tβ4 and clinical prognosis in AMI patients.
Methods: Our research included 2 groups:AMI group, n=69 and Control group, the patients with suspected chest pain while CAG excluded coronary artery stenosis, n=32. Plasma levels of Tβ4 were examined in all AMI patients on admission day and every day until 15 days of onset;AMI patients were followed-up for 18 months and the endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) occurrence.
Results: ①Compared with Control group, AMI group had increased plasma level of Tβ4 on admission day and on day-15 of onset, P<0.01. ② With intervening therapy, AMI group had elevated Tβ4 level upon immediate onset, it was decreased on day-1, reached low level on day-3 and elevated to peak on day-6, then reduced followed by slightly raising on day-11.③During follow-up period, the AMI patients without MACE had the higher mean in-hospital maximum Tβ4 value than those with MACE occurrence, P<0.01. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the mean in-hospital maximum Tβ4 value was related to MACE occurrence during follow-up period (OR=0.999, 95%CI 0.999-1.000).
Conclusion: AMI may induce up-regulated expression of plasma Tβ4;with intervening therapy, Tβ4 showed a trend of“elevation-reduction-elevation-reduction”at the early stage of AMI. High expression of Tβ4 was helpful for improving clinical prognosis in AMI patients which may provide a theoretical basis for exogenous use of Tβ4 in AMI treatment.

Objective To study the pathological alterations,such as oxidative stress,cell proliferation and insulin resistance,especially autophagy,in Alzheimer' s disease (AD) complicated with type 2 diabetes (AD + T2DM).Methods The mouse models of T2DM,AD and AD + T2DM were used in the study,and totally 80 mice were divided into four groups:control group,T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group.Morris water maze was applied to test the ability of learning and memory among the above mentioned groups.In the meantime,insulin resistance index,the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2,oxidative stress,cell proliferation and autophagy were observed with chemical analysis,immunofluorescent labeling,transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting.Results On day 4,the difference of time to find Morris water maze in control group,T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group ((26.08 ±4.93) s,(38.46 ± 4.07) s,(47.32 ± 5.86) s,(53.01 ± 6.12) s,F =2.454,P =0.025) was statistically significant,and the time in AD + T2DM group was longer than that in AD group (t =-3.624,P =0.033).Compared with control group,insulin resistance occurred in T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group (4.35 ± 0.48,16.12 ± 3.57,7.03 ± 3.11,18.78 ± 5.06,F =5.602,P =0.009),and the reduction of insulin receptor substrate 2 expression,the oxidative stress reaction,neural proliferative suppression and autophagy (F =418.344,222.514,436.250,113.934,23.772,35.469,all P ＜ 0.05) were induced in T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group,which were more serious in AD + T2DM group than in AD group (t =-2.796,21.723,-8.041,9.037,-4.403,-32.011,-26.593,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion AD + T2DM mice suffered more serious cognitive impairment than AD and T2DM mice.The oxidative stress levels of AD + T2DM mice were upregulated,and thus led to the inhibition of cell proliferation,eventually leading to promotion of autophagy.

BACKGROUND: Neural stem cells are always derived from animals, and unsuitable for human transplantation treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the in vitro culture methods of human embryonic striatum-derived neural stem cells, and to observe the biological characteristics. METHODS: The human embryonic striatum were separated from the embryo at a gestational age of 8-16 weeks that received induction of labor with water bag, and then the embryonic striatum was in vitro cultured in the serum-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium. The cells were passaged after neurospheres formation, and then the cells were induced to differentiation with the Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/F12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The in vitro cultured human embryonic striatum-derived neural stem cells grew rapidly and could express nestin. Colony formation assay showed the cel clone formation rate was 6.0%-7.0%. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay showed the cel proliferation rate was 37.9%. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the cells after induction and differentiation could express Tuj-1, glial fibril ary acidic protein and nestin, but not express myelin basic protein. The results indicate that human embryonic striatum-derived neural stem cells cultured in the serum-free medium can maintain their biological characteristics and have self-renewal capacity, and the cells can differentiate into the neurons and astrocytes induced by the fetal bovine serum.

BACKGROUND:Edaravone as an antioxidant protective effect on nerve cells injured by hydrogen peroxide has been confirmed, but its protective effect on oxidative damage to bone marrow stromal cells has not been reported in-depth. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effects of edaravone on oxidative injury to bone marrow stromal cells. METHODS:Bone marrow samples were extracted from the long bone of New Zealand rabbits by the method of washing the pulp cavity, then subjected to the density gradient centrifugation and adherent screening to obtain bone marrow stromal stem cells in vitro. The bone marrow stromal cells at 3 passage were divided into five groups:blank group, treated with low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum and 1%double antibody;dexamethasone group, treated with cellculture medium containing 1×10-7 mol/L dexamethasone;50, 100, 300 mg/L edaravone groups, cultured in cellculture medium containing 1×10-7 mol/L dexamethasone and 50, 100, 300 mg/L edaravone, respectively. After culture, MTT method and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferative level and cellcycle of cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control and dexamethasone groups, edaravone significantly enhanced the cellproliferation. Edaravone played a protective role in bone marrow stromal cells. When the concentration was 50 mg/L, edaravone began to play a regulatory role (P<0.05), and this effect was certainly associated with the concentration of edaravone. When the concentration was up to 100 mg/L, edaravone showed a better protective role (P<0.01). However, with increasing concentration, this protective effect was not further increased, but decreased slightly. Results indicated that high-concentration dexamethasone can induce oxidative injury to bone marrow stromal cells, and edaravone can protect the cells against this oxidative damage by antioxidant role.