Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; surgery ; Endovascular Procedures ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDThe CRF07_BC recombinant strain has been one of the most predominantly circulated HIV-1 strains in China, it is therefore necessary and urgent to develop a relevant animal model to evaluate candidate vaccines targeting HIV-1 CRF07_BC. A highly replication-competent simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) construct containing the Chinese CRF07_BC HIV-1 env gene with the ability to infect Chinese rhesus monkeys would serve as an important tool in the development of HIV vaccines. The aim of this study was to examine whether SHIV XJDC6431 with the env fragment from a Chinese HIV-1 isolate virus could infect the human and monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), establish infection in Chinese rhesus macaque.

METHODSA SHIV strain was constructed by replacing the rev/env genes of SHIV KB9 with the corresponding fragment derived from the HIV-1 CRF07_BC strain. The infectious activity of the SHIV clones was determined in vitro in PBMCs from both non-human primate animals and humans. Finally, one Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was infected with one SHIV via intravenous infusion.

RESULTSOne SHIV clone designated as SHIV XJDC6431, was generated that could infect macaque and human PBMC. The virus produced from this clone also efficiently infected the CCR5-expressing GHOST cell lines, indicating that it uses CCR5 as its coreceptor. Finally, the virus was intravenously inoculated into one Chinese rhesus macaque. Eventually, the animal became infected as shown by the occurrence of viremia within 3 of infection. The viral load reached 105 copies of viral RNA per ml of plasma during the acute phase of infection and lasted for 10 weeks post infection.

CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that SHIV XJDC6431 is an R5-tropic chimeric virus, which can establish infection not only in vitro but also in vivo in the Chinese rhesus macaque. Although the animal inoculated with SHIV XJDC6431 became infected without developing a pathologic phenotype, the virus efficiently replicated with a persistent level of viral load in the plasma. This suggested that the SHIV could be used as a tool to test candidate AIDS vaccines targeting the Chinese HIV-1 CRF_07BC recombinant strain.

Animals ; Chimera ; Genes, env ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Proviruses ; genetics ; Receptors, CCR5 ; physiology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo discuss the present status and progress of clinical research on recurrence of gastric cancer after surgery, including patterns, clinicopathologic factors, prognosis, detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.

DATA SOURCESThe data used in this review were mainly from PubMed articles published in English from 2000 to August 2011. The search terms were "gastric cancer" and "recurrence".

STUDY SELECTIONArticles were selected if they involved clinicopathologic factors, detection methods, and treatment strategies of recurrence of gastric cancer.

RESULTSPeritoneal recurrence is the most common pattern in recurrence of gastric cancer. The main risk factors for recurrence of gastric cancer are tumor stage, including depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis, and Borrmann classification. The prognosis of patients with recurrence is very poor, especially patients with peritoneal recurrence. Systemic chemotherapy is still the main treatment method for patients with recurrent cancer. If complete resection can be accomplished, some benefits may be obtained from surgery for recurrence. However, standard treatment for patients with recurrence has not yet been established.

CONCLUSIONSEarly detection and diagnosis of recurrence is quite crucial for treatment and prognosis. The optimal therapeutic strategy for recurrence should be based on a multidisciplinary assessment and the patient's individual state and should involve combined therapy.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery

BACKGROUNDThe prognosis for patients with gastric cancer and synchronous liver metastases is very poor. However, a standard therapeutic strategy has not been well established. The clinical benefit and prognostic factors after hepatic surgical treatment for liver metastases from gastric cancer remain controversial.

METHODSRecords of 105 patients who underwent gastrectomy regardless of hepatic surgical treatment for gastric cancer with synchronous liver-only metastases in our center between 1995 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThe overall survival rate for the 105 patients was 42.1%, 17.2%, and 10.6% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, with a median survival time of 11 months. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that the extent of lymphadenectomy (D) (P < 0.001), lymph node metastases (P < 0.001), extent of liver metastases (H) (P = 0.008), and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.002) were significant independent prognostic factors for survival. Among patients who underwent D2 lymphadenectomy, those who underwent hepatic surgical treatment had a significantly improved survival compared with those who underwent gastrectomy alone (median survival, 24 vs. 12 months; P < 0.001). However, hepatic surgical treatment was not a prognostic factor for patients who underwent D1 lymphadenectomy (median survival, 8 vs. 8 months; P = 0.495). For the 35 patients who underwent gastrectomy plus hepatic surgical treatment, D2 lymphadenectomy (P < 0.001), lymph node metastases (P = 0.015), and extent of liver metastases (H1 vs. H2 and H3) (P = 0.017) were independent significant prognostic factors for survival.

CONCLUSIONSD2 lymphadenectomy plus hepatic surgical treatment may provide hope for long-term survival of judiciously selected patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer. Patients with a low degree of lymph node metastases and H1 liver metastases would make the most appropriate candidates. However, if D2 dissection cannot be achieved, hepatic surgical treatment is not recommended.

Aged ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; secondary ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; complications ; mortality ; surgery ; Survival Rate

·AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab and 577nm laser in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion combined with macular edema.·METHODS: Totally 64 patients ( 64 eyes ) with retinal vein occlusion accompanied by macular edema were treated in our hospital from June 2014 to March 2017. Among them, 40 cases ( 40 eyes ) were in the central retinal vein occlusion group, 24 cases (24 eyes) were in the branch retinal vein occlusion group. They were treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab 0. 5mg, and the laser photocoagulation of 577nm was performed at 5 to 7d after injection. Meanwhile, 42 patients who did not wish to be treated with injection were treated with laser treatment only. The changes of the indexes before and after treatment were compared.·RESULTS: The average number of blocking group repeated injection of branch retinal vein for 1. 71 ± 0. 79, while the average number of patients with repeated injection of central retinal vein occlusion was 2. 11 ± 0. 80. All patients requiring repeated injections interval was greater than 30d. At 1mo after treatment, there was no patients with decreased visual acuity in branch retinal vein occlusion group, while there were 6 eyes with that in central retinal vein occlusion group, 14 eyes in simply laser group. The mean best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR) of the three groups was 0. 87±0. 60, 0. 57±0. 48 and 0. 54±0. 32, respectively, were significantly lower than that before treatment (1.26±0.53, 0.86±0.39, 0.76±0.26;P< 0. 05 ). The mean macular retinal thickness before treatment was 683.24±211.83, 557.39±128.29 and 545.82± 129. 76μm, were significantly higher than those at the last follow-up 412. 09±257. 38, 356. 29 ± 133. 02 and 322. 78 ± 109. 55μm ( P < 0. 05 ). There were 6 cases of subconjunctival hemorrhage in patients treated with laser therapy combined with laser therapy. The intraocular pressure increased to 25mmHg in 2 eyes in 2 patients and recovered after symptomatic treatment.· CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with 577nm laser treatment can greatly enhance the visual acuity, effective decrease macular retinal thickness in patients with retinal vein occlusion and macular edema.

OBJECTIVETo do some comparative study on anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects between the Dao-di herb and non Dao-di herb of Huangqin (the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis) and provide thinking and evidence for study on geoherbalism and clinical usage of Huangqin.

METHODThe anti-inflammatory action was assessed by auricular swelling induced by dimethylbenzene in mice and the antipyretic action was monitored by dried yeast-induced mice fever.

RESULTAll samples of both Dao-di and non Dao-di herbs of Huangqin showed antipyretic effect. The Dao-di Huangqin samples showed antipyretic effect between 61% to 53% , whereas the non Dao-di Huangqin samples between 53% to 43%. Six Dao-di Huangqin samples showed better antipyretic effect than four non Dao-di Huangqin samples. All samples of both Dao-di and non Dao-di Huangqin showed anti-inflammatory effect. Dao-di Huangqin showed anti-inflammatory effect between 73% to 54%, whereas non dao-di Huangqin between 53% to 34%. Six Dao-di Huangqin showed better anti-inflammatory effect than four non Dao-di Huangqin. In totality, results from analysis of geoherbalism showed that geoherbal production areas of Huangqin had better effect than that of the non geoherbal production areas in anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects.

CONCLUSIONBoth the Dao-di and non Dao-di Huangqin have effects of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic to a certain extent, but the efficacy of the Dao-di Huangqin surpass the non Dao-di Huangqin.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Antipyretics ; administration & dosage ; China ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Fever ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical value of high frequency ultrasound in diagnosing peripheral nerve diseases (PNDs).

METHODSFrom January 2003 to December 2006, 64 cases of PNDs were analyzed retrospectively. The ultrasound diagnosis was compared with the operative and pathological diagnosis.

RESULTSBased on the operative and histopathological results, in 38 patients with trauma or entrapment, 38 among 45 traumatic nerves were rightly diagnosed by ultrasound. The coincidence rate was 84.4%. In 26 patients with original peripheral nerve tumors (PNTs), including 20 neurilemmomas, 4 neurofibromas and 2 malignant neurilemmomas, 16 cases were diagnosed by ultrasound with a coincidence rate of 61.5%. The coincidence rates in limbs and trunk were 86.7% (13/15) and 27.3% (3/11) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe study suggests that high frequency ultrasound can locate peripheral nerve trauma precisely, assess the impair degree correctly and provide useful information for clinic diagnosis. The high frequency ultrasound brings better diagnosis outcome in limbs nerve tumors than in trunk.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Trauma, Nervous System ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the application of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in prevention of peri-operative pulmonary embolism in patients with bone fracture combined with deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

METHODSFrom July 2007 to April 2011, 572 cases of bone fractures consequent with DVT that confirmed by Duplex were deployed IVCF to avoid fatal pulmonary embolism in the para-operative period. There were 318 male and 254 female patients with a mean age of (51±23) years (ranging from 16 to 94 years).

RESULTSAll the operations of deployment of the IVCFs were successfully. There were 174 permanent and 399 temporary IVCFs deployed. In all 399 temporary filters, 389 filters were taken out successfully. The mean station time in the IVC of the temporary filters was 22.8 days (7 to 60 days), among which, 118 were found of captured thrombus. After the follow-up of mean 16 months (3 to 40 months) of 566 patients, no pulmonary embolism occurred, but symptomatic DVT were revealed in 15 patients, and the conditions were improved after anticoagulation treatment. No serious complication of post thrombotic syndrome occurred.

CONCLUSIONIVCF deployment can prevent the trauma patients with deep vein thrombosis of fatal pulmonary embolism in the peri-operative period, which may also offer a safe condition to the orthopedic operations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Vena Cava Filters ; Venous Thrombosis ; complications ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo characterize the Gag-Specific T lymphocyte responses and identify immunodominant region recognized in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C infectors.

METHODS10 antiretroviral treatment (ART) naive HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C infectors with infected time in 1 year, 25 ART-naive infectors with infected time > 3 years and 10 HIV-1-seronegative healthy individuals were enrolled. HIV-1-specific T lymphocyte responses were analyzed by an IFN-gamma Elispot assay against 123 overlapping peptides spanning HIV-1 Gag protein in the present study.

RESULTSGag-specific T lymphocyte responses of interferon-gamma secretion were identified in 8(8/10) Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/ C infectors with infected time in 1 year, the specific T lymphocytes are mainly targeted at five seperated peptides. Responses were identified in 17(68%) infectors with infected time more than 3 years, the specific T lymphocytes are mainly targeted at one peptide in p17 and six in p24. There was obviously positive correlation (P = 0.0318, r = 0.519) between the magnitude of responses and viremia in infectors infected time > 3 years. The magnitude of response in infectors infected in 1 year was significantly higher than group infected time > 3 years (P = 0.021). None of healthy individuals produced positive responses.

CONCLUSIONSHIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C Infectors at different stages of diseases recognize different region of gag.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; virology ; Gene Products, gag ; genetics ; immunology ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombination, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo characterize the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -specific T lymphocyte responses and identify the immunodominant regions in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C chronic infectors at complete genome level.

METHODSTwenty-five HIV-1B/C recombinant chronic infectors were screened for their specific T lymphocyte responses to a panel of peptides corresponding to the complete HIV-1 subtype B genome by gamma interferon ELISPOT assay. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance was used to test significant differences across gene regions, and Tukey pairwise analysis was used to identify differences between gene regions. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relation between responses. Results The order of recognized frequencies of specific T lymphocyte responses to HIV proteins was Nef>Vpr>Gag>Pol>Vpu>Env>Rev>Vif>Tat. When adjusted for protein length, Nef, Vpr, Gag, and Pol were the most intensely targeted proteins and the central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr was most frequently recognized. No significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of IFN-gamma production of HIV-l-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia, breadth of response and CD4 counts. Conclusion The central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr is most frequently targeted in HIV-1 B/C recombinants chronic infectors. HIV-l-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia or CD4 counts play no protective role at complete genome level in these infectors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes ; physiology ; Viral Load ; Young Adult