Mammal multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) play an important role in the transport of organic cations in the body. MATEs mediate the final excretion step for multiple organic cation drug used clinically and important endogenous substances. This article reviews the discovery, type, gene coding and polymorphism, body distribution, classification of substrates and inhibitors and their research method of MATEs. The article also discusses the major research significance of MATEs with examples.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cations ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To study the clinical effects on patients with brain metastases from lung cancer combined with Elemene Injection and radiotherapy. Method 86 patients with brain metastases from lung cancer were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 43 cases in each group. Control group was given conventional radiotherapy treatment, while treatment group combined Elemene Injection with radiotherapy. Results Compared with control group, treatment group’s disease control effect was obviously better. Survival rates after treatment for six months, one year, three years were higher than control group, and the number of adverse reactions were lower. Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were significantly greater. Radiotherapy plan time and total time in hospital for treatment were significantly shorter. Conclusion The combination of Elemene Injection with radiotherapy treatment for patients with brain metastases from lung cancer is very obvious.

Objective To explore achillis tendon-sliding procedure and subtalar joint capsula release by the same cut and individualization treatment used in the correction of congenital clubfoot.Methods Forty eight cases (76 feet) of congenital clubfoot who were first visit were treated by achillis tendon-sliding procedure and subtalar joint capsula release by the same cut,meantime,footplate fascia release and transfer of the anterior tibial tenden were made by individualization.Results All cases were followed-up,the average time follow-up was 1 year and 6 months,excellent were 71% and good were 15.7%.Five cases were recurrence and its rate was 6.94%.Conclusions Achillis tendon-sliding procedure and subtalar joint capsula release by the same cut can solve rotation of displacement between calcaneus and talus and individualization treatment can also solve high arch deformity and adduction of foot.This technique is a simple,safe and effective treatment for congenital clubfoot.

Objective To evaluate the apical sealing ability of iRoot SP root canal sealer in oval-root canal. Methods After root canals were instrumented by Mtwo, 28 premolars with oval-root canal were randomly divided into 2 groups, 14 teeth in each. The root canals were obturated with AH Plus (group A) and iRoot SP (group B) by modified continuous wave condensation technique. The apical leakage was evaluated by dye penetration method and transparent teeth technique. Results Mean depth of leakage was (0.92 ± 0.26) mm for group A and (0.84 ± 0.40) mm for group B. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.506, P > 0.05). Conclusion The apical sealing ability of iRoot SP is equivalent to AH Plus in oval-root canal.

The establishment of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine system that not only accords with Chinese medicine function characteristics but also is recognized as international medical circles, is an arduous task in urgent need of solving the current modernization of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of internationalization. It is difficult to evaluate atraditional Chinese medicine by detection of single active components in traditional Chinesemedicinewiththe western medicine quality controlmethod due to the overall effects of traditional Chinese drugs, the components of the overall diversity, targets, and the complexity of the interaction between components of unpredictable make the Long-term since, domestic and foreign scholars continue to explore and put forward a series of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This article summarized the related academic ideas and developments to, providea new thought and perspective for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.
Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

Humans ; Otitis Media ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy

Animals ; Colon ; physiology ; Female ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Viscera ; physiology

Objective To explore the effects of magnesium valprote on behaviors and lipid peroxidation of brain in chronic stress depression mice.Methods 40 male mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group, amitriptyline control group and magnesium valprote group, and.10 mice each group.Except normal control group,other groups were separated one mouse in each box and exposed to 21 days chronic unpredictable stressors, and the mice of normal control group were fed in a box and stress-free.During the stress, the mice of amitriptyline control group were applied amitriptyline(0.2 mg/10g) by intragastric every day,magnesium valprote group were given intragastrically magnesium valprote (0.8 mg/10g), and the mice of model and normal control group were administrated with normal sodium of the same volume by the same method.On 7th, 14th,21st day, all mice weight were weighed and weight gain was calculated.The ethology examination was performed by using jigglecage connected with Biology Function Experiment System and experiment of sucrose solution consumption after the chronic stress.At the end of experiment, all mice were killed, and then their brains were removed and made into brain homogenate.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in brain homogenate were analyzed by spectrophotometry.Results Compared with model group, magnesium valprote group were increased on locomotor activity number(97.50 ± 20.54,302.30± 39.04, t = 31.1432, P ＜ 0.01 ), sucrose solution consumption ( ( 15.30 ± 3.60 ) ml, ( 23.70 ± 4.45 ) ml, t =9.8446, P＜0.01) ,body weight gain(( 10.56 ± 1.53)g,( 12.63 ±2.12)g, t=5.3113, P=0.007) ,the activity of SOD( t =3.8428, P=0.004) ,and GSH-Px( t= 3.4143, P=0.007), but decreased on irritation number( t =17.1370, P ＜ 0.01 ) and the content of MDA( t= 11.0778, P = 0.002).Conclusion Magnesium valprote can ameliorate behavior impairment of chronic stress-induced depression mice, and the observed antidepressant-like effects may be related to inhibition lipid peroxidation of mice brain.

Objective To explore the change of serum osteopontin levels in preoperative and postoperative patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinic significance.Methods The levels of serum osteopontin were detected by ELISA.Results In 88 NSCLC patients,serum osteopontin levels were significantly higher than in benign pulmonary disease and healthy control group(P＜0.05.P＜0.01.respectively) There was no difference between benign pulmonary disease and healthy control group(P＞0.05).Serum osteopontin levels were related to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis,and the levels of serum osteopontin were lower in postoperative patients than in preoperative cases(P＜0.05).For NSCLC.the detection of osteopontin had a sensitivity of 84.1%,a specificity of 92.5%,and an accuracy of 88.1%. Conclusion Increased serum levels of osteopontin may be useful as a helpful clinical biomarker to diagnose earlier,predict prognosis and differentiate from benign pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: High oxalic acid urine is a risk factor for stone formation. Constructing cel lines with high oxalate metabolic ability using genetic engineering and stem cel technology wil become the effective method to prevent and treat calcium oxalate stone. OBJECTIVE: To construct the adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel lines that can decompose the oxalic acid, through co-transfecting the oxalic acid degradation genes Frc and Oxc of oxalobacter formigenes into the normal adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Frc and Oxc were amplified by PCR, and the eukaryotic expression vectors of pLEGFP-N1-myc-Frc and pBaBE-puro-flag-Oxc were constructed, then co-transfected into the normal adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The non-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the cells transfected with empty vectors were as control. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of the objective genes;the concentration of oxalate in the culture medium after transgenic was determined by ion chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing results showed that the Frc and Oxc genes were successful y amplified, and the vectors of pLEGFP-N1-myc-Frc and pBaBE-puro-flag-Oxc were constructed. After tranfected into the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the Western blot results showed that transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could stably express the target protein myc-formyl coenzyme A transferase enzyme and the flag-oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase; ion chromatography test results showed with the prolonging of the culture time, the concentration of oxalic acid in the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel culture medium transfected with target gene was decreased gradual y. While there was no target protein expression in the non-transfected human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as wel as the cells transfected with empty vectors. The cells had the ability of oxalate-degradation. The experiment successful y constructs the adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel lines that can decompose the oxalic acid, and the cel lines have the ability of oxalate-degradation and can stably express the oxalate decomposition proteins Frc and Oxc.